Примечания

Глава 4: Высокий и /или низкий кортизол

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68. Smith JA, Greer T, Sheets T, Watson S. “Is there more to yoga than exercise?” Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 17 (3) (2011): 22–29.

69. Banasik J, Williams H, Haberman M, et al. “Effect of Iyengar yoga practice on fatigue and diurnal salivary cortisol concentration in breast cancer survivors.” Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners 23 (3) (2011): 135–42. doi: 10.1111/j.1745–7599.2010.00573.x; Bijlani RL, Vempati RP, Yadav RK, et al. “A brief but comprehensive lifestyle education program based on yoga reduces risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus.” Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 11 (2) (2005): 267–74.

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Глава 5: Блюз низкого-высокого прогестерона

1. Brizendine L. The Female Brain. New York: Broadway Books, 2006.

2. Nillni YI, Toufexis DJ, Rohan KJ. “Anxiety sensitivity, the menstrual cycle, and panic disorder: a putative neuroendocrine and psychological interaction.” Clinical Psychology & Review 31 (7) (2011): 1183–91.

3. Rapkin AJ, Akopians AL. “Pathophysiology of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.” Menopause International 18 (2) (2012): 52–59.

4. Personal communication with PMS expert Dr. Andrea Rapkin on June 5, 2012. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.

5. Branch DW, Gibson M, Silver RM. “Clinical practice. Recurrent miscarriage.” New England Journal of Medicine 363 (18) (2010): 1740–47.

6. De Souza MJ. “Menstrual disturbances in athletes: a focus on luteal phase defects.” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 35 (9) (2003): 1553–63.

7. Santoro N, Crawford SL, Lasley WL. “Factors related to declining luteal function in women during the menopausal transition.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 93 (5) (2008): 1711–21.

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9. He C, Kraft P, Chen C. “Genome-wide association studies identify loci associated with age at menarche and age at natural menopause.” Nature Genetics 41 (6) (2009): 724–28.

10. Giudice LC. “Clinical practice: Endometriosis.” New England Journal of Medicine 362 (25) (2010): 2389–98.

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12. Bulun SE, Cheng YH, Pavone ME, et al. “Estrogen receptor-beta, estrogen receptor-alpha, and progesterone resistance in endometriosis.” Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 28 (1) (2010): 36–43.

13. Bulun SE, Cheng YH, Yin P, et al. “Progesterone resistance in endometriosis: link to failure to metabolize estradiol.” Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 248 (1–2) (2006): 94–103.

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16. Andréen L, Sundström-Poromaa I, Bixo M, et al. “Allopregnanolone concentration and mood – a bimodal association in postmenopausal women treated with oral progesterone.” Psychopharmacology 187 (2) (2006): 209–21.

17. “IMS Health,” accessed March 24, 2012, http://www.imshealth.com and sleep data originally cited by http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/12/new-worries-about-sleeping-pills/. IMS data are proprietary and not reported in a peer-reviewed journal.

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19. Caufriez A, Leproult R, L’Hermite-Balériaux M, et al. “Progesterone prevents sleep disturbances and modulates GH, TSH, and melatonin secretion in postmenopausal women.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 96 (4) (2011): E614–23.

20. Henmi H, Endo T, Kitajima Y, et al. “Effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on serum progesterone levels in patients with a luteal phase defect.” Fertility and Sterility 80 (2) (2003): 459–61.

21. Brown SL, Fredrickson BL, Wirth MM, et al. “Social Closeness Increases Salivary Progesterone in Humans.” Hormones and Behavior 56 (1) (2009): 108–11.

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27. Wuttke W, Jarry H, Christoffel V, et al. “Chasteberry tree (Vitex agnuscastus) – pharmacology and clinical indications.” Phytomedicine 10 (4) (2003): 348–57; Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. Accessed 7/1/12. http://naturaldatabase.therapeuticresearch.com.

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29. Westphal LM, Polan ML, Trant, AS. “Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Fertilityblend: a nutritional supplement for improving fertility in women.” Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology 33 (4) (2006): 205–8.

30. Turner S, Mills S. “A double-blind clinical trial on a herbal remedy for premenstrual syndrome: a case study.” Complementary Therapies in Medicine 1 (1993): 73–77; Lauritzen CH, Reuter HD, Repges RM, et al. “Treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome with Vitex agnus-castus. Controlled, double-blind study versus pyridoxine.” Phytomedicine 4 (1997): 183–89; Schellenberg R. “Treatment for the premenstrual syndrome with agnus castus fruit extract: prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study.” British Medical Journal 322 (2001): 134–37; Westphal LM, Polan ML, Trant, AS. “Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Fertilityblend: a nutritional supplement for improving fertility in women.” Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology 33 (4) (2006): 205–8; Zamani M, Neghab N, Torabian S. “Therapeutic effect of Vitex agnus castus in patients with premenstrual syndrome.” Acta Medica Iranica 50 (2) (2012): 101–6.

31. Westphal LM, Polan ML, Trant, AS. “Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Fertilityblend: a nutritional supplement for improving fertility in women.” Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology 33 (4) (2006): 205–8; Loch EG, Selle H, Boblitz N. “Treatment of premenstrual syndrome with a phytopharmaceutical formulation containing Vitex agnus-castus.” Journal of Women’s Health & Gender – Based Medicine 9 (3) (2000): 315–20.

32. Skibola CF. “The effect of Fucus vesiculosus, an edible brown seaweed, upon menstrual cycle length and hormonal status in three pre-menopausal women: a case report.” BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 4 (2004): 10.

33. Nahid K, Fariborz M, Ataolah G, Solokian S. “The effect of an Iranian herbal drug on primary dysmenorrhea: a clinical controlled trial.” Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health 54 (2009): 401–4; Agha-Hosseini M, Kashani L, Aleyaseen A, et al. “Crocus sativus L. (saffron) in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: a double-blind, randomised and placebo-controlled trial.” BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 115 (2008): 515–19.

34. Dwyer AV, Whitten DL, Hawrelak JA. “Herbal medicines, other than St. John’s Wort, in the treatment of depression: a systematic review.” Alternative Medicine Review 16 (1) (2011): 40–49.

35. Komesaroff PA, Black CV, Cable V, Sudhir K. “Effects of wild yam extract on menopausal symptoms, lipids and sex hormones in healthy menopausal women.” Climacteric 4 (2001): 144–50.

36. Leonetti HB, Longo S, Anasti JN. “Transdermal progesterone cream for vasomotor symptoms and postmenopausal bone loss.” Obstetrics and Gynecology 94 (1999): 225–28.

37. Wren BG, Champion SM, Willetts K, et al. “Transdermal progesterone and its effect on vasomotor symptoms, blood lipid levels, bone metabolic markers, moods, and quality of life for postmenopausal women.” Menopause 10 (1) (2003): 13–18.

38. Benster B, Carey A, Wadsworth F, et al. “A double-blind placebocontrolled study to evaluate the effect of Progestelle progesterone cream on postmenopausal women.” Menopause International 15 (2) (2009): 63–69.

39. PEPI Writing Group. “Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial. The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial.” Journal of the American Medical Association 273 (3) (1995): 199–208.

40. Fournier A, Berrino F, Clavel-Chapelon F. “Unequal risks for breast cancer associated with different hormone replacement therapies: results from the E3N cohort study.” Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 107 (1) (2008): 103–11. Erratum in Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 107 (2) (2008): 307–8.

41. Pullon SR, Reinken JA, Sparrow MJ. “Treatment of premenstrual symptoms in Wellington women.” New Zealand Medical Journal 102 (862) (1989): 72–74.

42. Thys-Jacobs S. “Micronutrients and the premenstrual syndrome: the case for calcium.” Journal of the American College of Nutrition 19 (2000): 220–27.

43. Walker AF, De Souza MC, Vickers MF, et al. “Magnesium supplementation alleviates premenstrual symptoms of fluid retention.” Journal of Women’s Health 7 (9) (1998): 1157–65; Wyatt KM, Dimmock PW, Jones PW, Shaughn O’Brien PM. “Efficacy of vitamin B6 in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: systematic review.” British Medical Journal 318 (7195) (1999): 1375–81.

44. De Souza MC, Walker AF, Robinson PA, Bolland K. “A synergistic effect of a daily supplement for 1 month of 200 mg magnesium plus 50 mg vitamin B6 for the relief of anxiety-related premenstrual symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study.” Journal of Women’s Health and Gender-Based Medicine 9 (2) (2000): 131–39.

45. Chocano-Bedoya PO, Manson JE, Hankinson SE, et al. “Dietary B vitamin intake and incident premenstrual syndrome.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 93 (5) (2011): 1080–86; Bertone-Johnson ER, Chocano-Bedoya PO, Zagarins SE, et al. “Dietary vitamin D intake, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and premenstrual syndrome in a college-aged population.” Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 121 (1–2) (2010): 434–37.

46. Abraham GE. “Nutritional factors in the etiology of premenstrual tension syndromes.” Journal of Reproductive Medicine 28 (1983): 446–64.

47. Kim SY, Park HJ, Lee H, Lee H. “Acupuncture for premenstrual syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.” BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 118 (8) (2011): 899–915. doi: 10.1111/j.1471–0528.2011.02994.x.

48. Stoddard JL, Dent CW, Shames I, Bernstein L. “Exercise training effects on premenstrual distress and ovarian steroid hormones.” European Journal of Applied Physiology 99 (1) (2007): 27–37.

49. Van Zak DB. “Biofeedback treatments for premenstrual and premenstrual affective syndromes.” International Journal of Psychosomatics 41 (1–4) (1994): 53–60.

50. Yakir M, Kreitler S, Brzezinski A, et al. “Effects of homeopathic treatment in women with premenstrual syndrome: a pilot study.” British Homeopathic Journal 90 (3) (2001): 148–53.

51. Lam RW, Carter D, Misri S, et al. “A controlled study of light therapy in women with late luteal phase dysphoric disorder.” Psychiatry Research (1999) 86 (3): 185–92.

52. Canning S, Waterman M, Orsi N, et al. “The efficacy of Hypericum perforatum (St John’s wort) for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.” CNS Drugs 24 (3) (2010): 207–25. doi: 10.2165/11530120–000000000-00000.

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54. Linde K, Ramirez G, Mulrow CD, et al. “St John’s wort for depression – an overview and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.” British Medical Journal (7052) (1996): 253–58.

55. Ford O, Lethaby A, Roberts H, Mol BW. “Progesterone for premenstrual syndrome.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 14 (3) (2012): CD003415.

Глава 6: Избыточный эстроген

1. Quinlan MG, Duncan A, Loiselle C, et al. “Latent inhibition is affected by phase of estrous cycle in female rats.” Brain and Cognition, 2010. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2010.08.003.

2. Schneider J, Kinne D, Fracchia A, et al. “Abnormal oxidative metabolism of estradiol in women with breast cancer.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 79 (1982): 3047–51; Fishman J, Schneider J, Hershcope RJ, Bradlow HL. “Increased estrogen 16 alphahydroxylase activity in women with breast and endometrial cancer.” Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 20 (4B) (1984): 1077–81; Zumoff B. “Hormonal profiles in women with breast cancer.” Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 21 (4) (1994): 751–72; Cauley JA, Zmuda JM, Danielson ME, et al. “Estrogen metabolites and the risk of breast cancer in older women.” Epidemiology 14 (6) (2003): 740–44; Kabat GC, O’Leary ES, Gammon MD, et al. “Estrogen metabolism and breast cancer.” Epidemiology 17 (1) (2006): 80–88; Im A, Vogel VG, Ahrendt G, et al. “Urinary estrogen metabolites in women at high risk for breast cancer.” Carcinogenesis 30 (9) (2009): 1532–35; Fishman J, Schneider J, Hershcope RJ, Bradlow HL. “Increased estrogen 16 alpha-hydroxylase activity in women with breast and endometrial cancer.” Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 20 (4B) (1984): 1077–81; Eliassen AH, Spiegelman D, Xu X, et al. “Urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites and subsequent risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women.” Cancer Research 72 (3) (2012): 696–706.

3. Sepkovic DW, Bradlow HL. “Estrogen hydroxylation – the good and the bad.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1155 (2009): 57–67.

4. Seifert-Klauss V, Laakmann J, Rattenhuber J, et al. “Bone metabolism, bone density and estrogen levels in perimenopause: a prospective 2-year study.” Zentralbl Gynakol 127 (3) (2005): 132–39 [article in German].

5. Kalleinen N, Polo-Kantola P, Irjala K, et al. “24-hour serum levels of growth hormone, prolactin, and cortisol in pre- and postmenopausal women: the effect of combined estrogen and progestin treatment.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 93 (5) (2008): 1655–61.

6. Jamieson DJ, Terrell ML, Aguocha NN, et al. “Dietary exposure to brominated flame retardants and abnormal Pap test results.” Journal of Women’s Health (9) (2011):1269–78.

7. Komori S, Ito Y, Nakamura Y, et al. “A long-term user of cosmetic cream containing estrogen developed breast cancer and endometrial hyperplasia.” Menopause 15 (6) (2008): 1191–92.

8. Massart F, Parrino R, Seppia P, et al. “How do environmental estrogen disruptors induce precocious puberty?” Minerva Pediatrica 58 (3) (2006): 247–54; Schoeters G, Den Hond E, Dhooge W, et al. “Endocrine disruptors and abnormalities of pubertal development.” Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology 102 (2) (2008): 168–75; Roy JR, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty TR. “Estrogen-like endocrine disrupting chemicals affecting puberty in humans – a review.” Medical Science Monitor 15 (6) (2009): RA137–45; Ozen S, Darcan S. “Effects of environmental endocrine disruptors on pubertal development.” Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology 3 (1) (2011): 1–6.

9. McLachlan JA, Simpson E, Martin M. “Endocrine disrupters and female reproductive health.” Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 20 (1) (2006): 63–75.

10. Environmental Working Group. “Bisphenol A: Toxic Plastics Chemical in Canned Food” (2007). http://www.ewg.org/reports/bisphenola.

11. Calafat AM, Ye X, Wong LY, et al. “Exposure of the U.S. population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol: 2003–2004.” Environmental Health Perspectives 116 (1) (2008): 39.

12. Lang IA, Galloway TS, Scarlett A, et al. “Association of urinary bisphenol A concentration with medical disorders and laboratory abnormalities in adults.” Journal of the American Medical Association 300 (11) (2008): 1303–10.

13. Clayton EM, Todd M, Dowd JB, et al. “The impact of bisphenol A and triclosan on immune parameters in the U.S. population, NHANES 2003–2006.” Environmental Health Perspectives 119 (3) (2011): 390–96.

14. Peretz J, Gupta RK, Singh J, et al. “Bisphenol A impairs follicle growth, inhibits steroidogenesis, and downregulates rate-limiting enzymes in the estradiol biosynthesis pathway.” Toxicological Sciences 119 (1) (2011): 209–17.

15. Bolli A, Bulzomi P, Galluzzo P, et al. “Bisphenol A impairs estradiolinduced protective effects against DLD-1 colon cancer cell growth.” International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Life 62 (9) (2010): 684–87.

16. Neel BA, Sargis RM. “The paradox of progress: environmental disruption of metabolism and the diabetes epidemic.” Diabetes 60 (7) (2011): 1838–48.

17. Zoeller RT. “Environmental chemicals impacting the thyroid: targets and consequences.” Thyroid 17 (9) (2007): 9811–17.

18. Jurewicz J, Hanke W. “Exposure to phthalates: Reproductive outcome and children health. A review of epidemiological studies.” International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 24 (2) (2011): 115–41.

19. Lovekamp-Swan T, Davis BJ. “Mechanisms of phthalate ester toxicity in the female reproductive system.” Environmental Health Perspectives 111 (2) (2003): 139–45.

20. Junger A. Clean: The Revolutionary Program to Restore the Body’s Natural Ability to Heal Itself. New York: HarperOne, 2009.

21. Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Lin H, Gracia CR. “Obesity and reproductive hormone levels in the transition to menopause.” Menopause 17 (4) (2010): 718–26.

22. Там же.

23. Grodin JM, Siiteri PK, MacDonald PC. “Source of estrogen production in postmenopausal women.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 36 (2) (1973): 207–14.

24. Key TJ, Pike MC. “The dose-effect relationship between ‘unopposed’ oestrogens and endometrial mitotic rate: its central role in explaining and predicting endometrial cancer risk.” British Journal of Cancer 57 (1988): 205–12.

25. Chang SC, Lacey JV Jr, Brinton LA, et al. “Lifetime weight history and endometrial cancer risk by type of menopausal hormone use in the NIH-AARP diet and health study.” Cancer Epidemiology: Biomarkers and Prevention 16 (4) (2007): 723–30.

26. Miller PE, Lesko SM, Muscat JE, et al. “Dietary patterns and colorectal adenoma and cancer risk: a review of the epidemiological evidence.” Nutrition and Cancer 62 (4) (2010): 413–24.

27. Aldercreutz H, Pulkkinen MO, Hamalainin EK, Korpela JT. “Studies on the role of intestinal bacteria in metabolism of synthetic and natural steroid hormones.” Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 20 (1) (1984) 20: 217–29; Winter J, Bokkenheuser VD. “Bacterial metabolism of natural and synthetic sex hormones undergoing enterohepatic circulation.” Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 27 (4–6) (1987): 1145–49; Orme ML, Back DJ. “Factors affecting the enterohepatic circulation of oral contraceptive steroids.” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 163 (6 Pt 2) (1990): 2146–52.

28. Dorgan J, Baer D, Albert P, et al. “Serum hormones and the alcoholbreast cancer association in postmenopausal women.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 93 (2001): 710–15; Mahabir S, Baer DJ, Johnson LL, et al. “The effects of moderate alcohol supplementation on estrone sulfate and DHEAS in postmenopausal women in a controlled feeding study.” Nutrition Journal 3 (11) (2004).

29. Muneyyirci-Delale O, Nacharaju VL, Altura BM, Altura BT. “Sex steroid hormones modulate serum ionized magnesium and calcium levels throughout the menstrual cycles in women.” Fertility and Sterility 69 (5) (1998): 958–62; Muneyyirci-Delale O, Nacharaju VL, Dalloul M, et al. “Serum ionized magnesium and calcium in women after menopause: inverse relation of estrogen with ionized magnesium.” Fertility and Sterility 71 (5) (1999): 869–72.

30. Hightower JM, Moore D. “Mercury levels in high-end consumers of fish.” Environmental Health Perspectives 111 (4) (2003): 604–8. 31 Ibid.

31. Там же.

32. Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Chen X. “Experimental study on the estrogen-like effect of mercuric chloride.” Biometals 21 (2) (2007): 143–50.

33. Key TJ. “Endogenous oestrogens and breast cancer risk in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.” Steroids 76 (8) (2011): 812–15.

34. Key TJ. “Serum oestradiol and breast cancer risk.” Endocrine-Related Cancer 6 (2) (1999): 175–80.

35. Eliassen AH, Missmer SA, Tworoger SS, et al. “Endogenous steroid hormone concentrations and risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 98 (19) (2006): 1406–15.

36. Key TJ. “Endogenous oestrogens and breast cancer risk in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.” Steroids 76 (8) (2011): 812–15.

37. Cummings SR, Tice JA, Bauer S, et al. “Prevention of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: approaches to estimating and reducing risk.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 101 (6) (2009): 384–98.

38. Farhat GN, Cummings SR, Chlebowski RT, et al. “Sex hormone levels and risks of estrogen receptor-negative and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 103 (7) (2011): 562–70.

39. Cummings SR, Tice JA, Bauer S, et al. “Prevention of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: approaches to estimating and reducing risk.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 101 (6) (2009): 384–98.

40. Use the following link to find the latest guidelines: http://www.guideline.gov/content.aspx?id=15429.

41. This link with give you more information on the U. S. Preventive Services Task Force Agency: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstfix.htm.

42. Schousboe JT, Kerlikowske K, Loh A, Cummings SR. “Personalizing mammography by breast density and other risk factors for breast cancer: analysis of health benefits and cost-effectiveness.” Annals of Internal Medicine 155 (1) (2011): 10–20.

43. Shepherd JA, Kerlikowske K, Ma L, et al. “Volume of mammographic density and risk of breast cancer.” Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention 20 (7) (2011): 1473–82.

44. Nagata C, Kabuto M, Shimizu H. “Association of coffee, green tea, and caffeine intakes with serum concentrations of estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin in premenopausal Japanese women.” Nutrition and Cancer 30 (1) (1998): 21–24; Schliep KC, Schisterman EF, Mumford SL, et al. “Caffeinated beverage intake and reproductive hormones among premenopausal women in the BioCycle Study.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 95 (2) (2012): 488–97.

45. Alexander DD, Morimoto LM, Mink PJ, Cushing CA. “A review and meta-analysis of red and processed meat consumption and breast cancer.” Nutrition Research Reviews 23 (2) (2010): 349–65.

46. Brinkman MT, Baglietto L, Krishnan K, et al. “Consumption of animal products, their nutrient components and postmenopausal circulating steroid hormone concentrations.” European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 64 (2) (2010): 176–83.

47. Там же.

48. Aubertin-Leheudre M, Hämäläinen E, Adlercreutz H. “Diets and hormonal levels in postmenopausal women with or without breast cancer.” Nutrition and Cancer 63 (4) (2011): 514–24; Aubertin-Leheudre M, Gorbach S, Woods M, et al. “Fat/fiber intakes and sex hormones in healthy premenopausal women in USA.” Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 112 (1–3) (2008): 32–39; Bagga D, Ashley JM, Geffrey SP, et al. “Effects of a very low fat, high fiber diet on serum hormones and menstrual function. Implications for breast cancer prevention.” Cancer 76 (12) (1995): 2491–96; Gaskins AJ, Mumford SL, Zhang C, et al., BioCycle Study Group. “Effect of daily fiber intake on reproductive function: the BioCycle Study.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 90 (4) (2009): 1061–69; Gann PH, Chatterton RT, Gapstur SM, et al. “The effects of a lowfat/high-fiber diet on sex hormone levels and menstrual cycling in premenopausal women: a 12-month randomized trial (the Diet and Hormone Study).” Cancer 98 (9) (2003): 1870–79; Goldin BR, Woods MN, Spiegelman DL, et al. “The effect of dietary fat and fiber on serum estrogen concentrations in premenopausal women under controlled dietary conditions.” Cancer 74 (suppl. 3) (1994): 1125–31; Kaneda N, Nagata C, Kabuto M, Shimizu H. “Fat and fiber intakes in relation to serum estrogen concentration in premenopausal Japanese women.” Nutrition and Cancer 27 (3) (1997): 279–83; Rose DP, Goldman M, Connolly JM, Strong LE. “High-fiber diet reduces serumestrogen concentrations in premenopausal women.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54 (3) (1991): 520–25; Woods MN, Barnett JB, Spiegelman D, et al. “Hormone levels during dietary changes in premenopausal African-American women.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 88 (19) (1996): 1369–74; Wu AH, Pike MC, Stram DO. “Meta-analysis: dietary fat intake, serum estrogen levels, and the risk of breast cancer.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 91 (6) (1999): 529–34.

49. Ganji V, Kuo J. “Serum lipid responses to psyllium fiber: differences between pre- and post-menopausal, hypercholesterolemic women.” Nutrition Journal 7 (22) (2012). doi: 10.1186/1475–2891-7–22; Vega-López S, Vidal-Quintanar RL, Fernandez ML. “Sex and hormonal status influence plasma lipid responses to psyllium.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 74 (4) (2001): 435–41.

50. Cummings SR, Tice JA, Bauer S, et al. “Prevention of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: approaches to estimating and reducing risk.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 101 (6) (2009): 384–98.

51. Там же.

52. Del Priore G, Gudipudi DK, Montemarano N, et al. “Oral diindolylmethane (DIM): pilot evaluation of a nonsurgical treatment for cervical dysplasia.” Gynecologic Oncology 116 (3) (2010): 464–67.

53. Kall MA, Vang O, Clausen J. “Effects of dietary broccoli on human in vivo drug metabolizing enzymes: evaluation of caffeine, oestrone and chlorzoxazone metabolism.” Carcinogenesis 17 (4) (1996): 793–99.

54. Fowke JH, Longcope C, Hebert JR. “Brassica vegetable consumption shifts estrogen metabolism in healthy postmenopausal women.” Cancer Epidemiology: Biomarkers and Prevention 9 (8) (2000): 773–79.

55. Reed GA, Sunega JM, Sullivan DK, et al. “Single-dose pharmacokinetics and tolerability of absorption-enhanced 3,3’-diindolylmethane in healthy subjects.” Cancer Epidemiology: Biomarkers and Prevention 17 (10) (2008): 2619–24.

56. Bradlow HL. Review. “Indole-3-carbinol as a chemoprotective agent in breast and prostate cancer.” In Vivo 22 (4) (2008): 441–45.

57. Teas J, Hurley TG, Hebert JR, et al. “Dietary seaweed modifies estrogen and phytoestrogen metabolism in healthy postmenopausal women.” Journal of Nutrition 139 (5) (2009): 939–44.

58. Zahid M, Saeed M, Beseler C, et al. “Resveratrol and N-acetylcysteine block the cancer-initiating step in MCF-10F cells.” Free Radical Biology and Medicine 50 (1) (2011): 78–85.

59. Dubey RK, Jackson EK, Gillespie DG, et al. “Resveratrol, a red wine constituent, blocks the antimitogenic effects of estradiol on human female coronary artery smooth muscle cells.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 95 (9) (2010): E9–17.

60. Singh M, Singh N. “Curcumin counteracts the proliferative effect of estradiol and induces apoptosis in cervical cancer cells.” Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 347 (1–2) (2011): 1–11.

61. Monteiro R, Faria A, Azevedo I, Calhau C. “Modulation of breast cancer cell survival by aromatase inhibiting hop (Humulus lupulus L.) flavonoids.” Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 105 (1–5) (2007): 124–30.

62. Pawlikowski M, Kolomecka M, Wojtczak A, Karasek M. “Effects of six months melatonin treatment on sleep quality and serum concentrations of estradiol, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and somatomedin C in elderly women.” Neuro Endocrinology Letters 23 (Supplement 1) (2002): 17–19; Grant SG, Melan MA, Latimer JJ, Witt-Enderby PA. “Melatonin and breast cancer: cellular mechanisms, clinical studies and future perspectives.” Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 11 (2009): e5.

63. Tinelli A, Vergara D, Martignago R, et al. “Hormonal carcinogenesis and socio-biological development factors in endometrial cancer: a clinical review.” Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 87 (11) (2008): 1101–13.

Глава 7: Низкий эстроген

1. Gao Q, Mezei G, Nie Y, et al. “Anorectic estrogen mimics leptin’s effect on the rewiring of melanocortin cells and Stat3 signaling in obese animals.” Nature Medicine (1) (2007): 89–94; Hirschberg AL. “Sex hormones, appetite and eating behaviour in women.” Maturita 71 (3) (2012): 248–56.

2. Harsh V, Meltzer-Brody S, Rubinow DR, Schmidt PJ. “Reproductive aging, sex steroids, and mood disorders.” Harvard Review of Psychiatry 17 (2) (2009): 87–102.

3. Freedman RR, Woodward S. “Behavioral treatment of menopausal hot flushes: evaluation by ambulatory monitoring.” American Journal of Obstetric Gynecology 167 (1992): 436–39.

4. Winther K, Rein E, Hedman C. “Femal, an herbal remedy made from pollen extracts, reduces hot flushes and improves quality of life in menopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel study.” Climacteric 8 (2) (2005): 162–70.

5. Burger H. “The menopausal transition – endocrinology.” Journal of Sexual Medicine 5 (10) (2008): 2266–73.

6. Broer SL, Eijkemans MJ, Scheffer GJ, et al. “Anti-Mullerian Hormone Predicts Menopause: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study in Normoovulatory Women.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 96 (8) (2011): 2532–39.

7. Eliassen AH, Ziegler RG, Rosner B. “Reproducibility of fifteen urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites over a 2– to 3-year period in premenopausal women.” Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 18 (11) (2009): 2860–68.

8. Karelis AD, Fex A, Filion ME. “Comparison of sex hormonal and metabolic profiles between omnivores and vegetarians in pre- and post-menopausal women.” British Journal of Nutrition 104 (2) (2010): 222–26; Dos Santos Silva I, Mangtani P, McCormack V, et al. “Lifelong vegetarianism and risk of breast cancer: a population-based casecontrol study among South Asian migrant women living in England.” International Journal of Cancer 99 (2) (2002): 238–44.

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10. Iwasaki M, Tsugane S. “Risk factors for breast cancer: epidemiological evidence from Japanese studies.” Cancer Science 102 (9) (2011): 1607–14. doi: 10.1111/j.1349–7006.2011.01996.x.

11. O ’Donnell E, Goodman JM, Harvey PJ. “Clinical review: cardiovascular consequences of ovarian disruption: a focus on functional hypothalamic amenorrhea in physically active women.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (12) (2011): 3638–48.

12. Pellicano R, Astegiano M, Bruno M. “Women and celiac disease: association with unexplained infertility.” Minerva Medica 98 (3) (2007): 217–19; Martinelli D, Fortunato F, Tafuri S. “Reproductive life disorders in Italian celiac women. A case-control study.” BMC Gastroenterology 10 (2010): 89; Soni S, Badawy SZ. “Celiac disease and its effect on human reproduction: a review.” Journal of Reproductive Medicine 55 (1–2) (2010): 3–8.

13. Martinelli D, Fortunato F, Tafuri S. “Reproductive life disorders in Italian celiac women. A case-control study.” BMC Gastroenterology 10 (2010): 89; Soni S, Badawy SZ. “Celiac disease and its effect on human reproduction: a review.” Journal of Reproductive Medicine 55 (1–2) (2010): 3–8.

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15. Armstrong D, Don-Wauchope AC, Verdu EF. “Testing for glutenrelated disorders in clinical practice: the role of serology in managing the spectrum of gluten sensitivity.” Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 25 (4) (2011): 193–97.

16. Kotsopoulos J, Eliassen AH, Missmer SA, et al. “Relationship between caffeine intake and plasma sex hormone concentrations in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.” Cancer 115 (12) (2009): 2765–74.

17. Nagata C, Shimizu H, Takami R, et al. “Hot flushes and other menopausal symptoms in relation to soy product intake in Japanese women.” Climacteric 2 (1) (1999): 6–12; Wu AH, Stanczyk FZ, Seow A, et al. “Soy intake and other lifestyle determinants of serum estrogen levels among postmenopausal Chinese women in Singapore.” Cancer Epidemiology: Biomarkers and Prevention 11 (9) (2002): 844–51; Zhang X, Shu XO, Li H, et al. “Prospective cohort study of soy food consumption and risk of bone fracture among postmenopausal women.” Archives of Internal Medicine 165 (16) (2005): 1890–95.

18. Hooper L, Ryder JJ, Kurzer MS. “Effects of soy protein and isoflavones on circulating hormone concentrations in pre- and post-menopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” Human Reproduction Update 15 (4) (2009): 423–40.

19. Lethaby AE, Brown J, Marjoribanks J, et al. “Phytoestrogens for vasomotor menopausal symptoms.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 17 (4) (2007): CD001395; Nelson HD, Vesco KK, Haney E, et al. “Nonhormonal therapies for menopausal hot flashes: systematic review and meta-analysis.” Journal of the American Medical Association 295 (17) (2006): 2057–71; Pitkin J. “Alternative and complementary therapies for the menopause.” Menopause International (1) (2012): 20–27; Taku K, Melby MK, Kronenberg F, et al. “Extracted or synthesized soybean isoflavones reduce menopausal hot flash frequency and severity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.” Climacteric. 15 (2) (2012): 115–24; Trock BJ, Hilakivi-Clarke L, Clarke R. “Meta-analysis of soy intake and breast cancer risk.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 98 (7) (2006): 459–71; Villaseca P. “Non-estrogen conventional and phytochemical treatments for vasomotor symptoms: what needs to be known for practice.” Climacteric 15 (2) (2012): 115–24.

20. Hooper L, Ryder JJ, Kurzer MS. “Effects of soy protein and isoflavones on circulating hormone concentrations in pre- and post-menopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” Human Reproduction Update 15 (4) (2009): 423–40.

21. Pruthi SL, Thompson PJ, Novotny DL, et al. “Pilot evaluation of flaxseed for the management of hot flashes.” Journal for the Society of Integrative Oncology 5 (3) (2007): 106–12.

22. van Anders SM, Brotto L, Farrell J, Yule M. “Associations among physiological and subjective sexual response, sexual desire, and salivary steroid hormones in healthy premenopausal women.” Journal of Sexual Medicine 6 (3) (2009): 739–51.

23. Nicole Daedone, personal communication, founder of OneTaste.us, on May 18, 2012.

24. Azizi H, Feng Liu Y, Du L, Hua Wang C, et al. “Menopause-related Symptoms: Traditional Chinese Medicine vs Hormone Therapy.” Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 17 (4) (2011): 48–53.

25. Sunay D, Ozdiken M, Arslan H, et al. “The effect of acupuncture on postmenopausal symptoms and reproductive hormones: a sham controlled clinical trial.” Acupuncture in Medicine 29 (1) (2011): 27–31.

26. Auerbach L, Rakus J, Bauer C, et al. “Pomegranate seed oil in women with menopausal symptoms: a prospective randomized, placebocontrolled, double-blinded trial.” Menopause 19 (4) (2012): 426–32.

27. Park H, Parker GL, Boardman CH, et al. “A pilot phase II trial of magnesium supplements to reduce menopausal hot flashes in breast cancer patients.” Supportive Care in Cancer 19 (6) (2011): 859–63.

28. Meissner H, Kapczynski W, Mscisz A, et al. “Use of a gelatinized maca (Lepidium peruvianum) in early-postmenopausal women – a pilot study.” International Journal of Biomedical Science I (1) (2005): 33–45; Meissner H, et al. “Hormone-balancing effect of pre-gelatinized organic maca (Lepidium peruvianum Chacon): (III) Clinical responses of early-postmenopausal women to maca in double-blind, randomized, crossover configuration, outpatient study.” International Journal of Biomedical Science 2 (4) (2006): 375–94.

29. Brooks NA, Wilcox G, Walker KZ, et al. “Beneficial effects of Lepidium meyenii (maca) on psychological symptoms and measures of sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women are not related to estrogen or androgen content.” Menopause 15 (6) (2008): 1157–62.

30. Dording CM, Fisher L, Papakostas G, et al. “A double-blind, randomized, pilot dose-finding study of maca root (L. meyenii) for the management of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction.” CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics 14 (3) (2008): 182–91.

31. Weaver CM, Martin BR, Jackson GS, et al. “Antiresorptive effects of phytoestrogen supplements compared with estradiol or risedronate in postmenopausal women using (41)Ca methodology.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 94 (10) (2009): 3798–805; Okamura S, Sawada Y, Satoh T, et al. “Pueraria mirifica phytoestrogens improve dyslipidemia in postmenopausal women probably by activating estrogen receptor subtypes.” Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 216 (4) (2008): 341–51.

32. Heger M, Ventskovskiy BM, Borzenko I, et al. “Efficacy and safety of a special extract of Rheum rhaponticum (ERr 731) in perimenopausal women with climacteric complaints: a 12-week randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial.” Menopause 13 (5): 744–59; Kaszkin-Bettag M, Ventskovskiy BM, Solskyy S, et al. “Confirmation of the efficacy of ERr 731 in perimenopausal women with menopausal symptoms.” Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 15 (1) (2009): 24–34.

33. Abdali K, Khajehei M, Tabatabaee HR. “Effect of St John’s wort on severity, frequency, and duration of hot flashes in premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.” Menopause 17 (2) (2010): 326–31.

34. Grube B, Walper A, Wheatley D. “St. John’s Wort extract: efficacy for menopausal symptoms of psychological origin.” Advances in Therapy 16 (4) (1999): 177–86.

35. Uebelhack R, Blohmer JU, Graubaum HJ, et al. “Black cohosh and St. John’s wort for climacteric complaints: a randomized trial.” Obstetrics and Gynecology 107 (2 Pt 1) (2006): 247–55.

36. Rostock M, Fischer J, Mumm A, et al. “Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients with climacteric complaints – a prospective observational study.” Gynecological Endocrinology 27 (10) (2011): 844–48.

37. Kim SY, Seo SK, Choi YM, et al. “Effects of red ginseng supplementation on menopausal symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.” Menopause 19 (4) (2012): 461–66.

38. Tode T, Kikuchi Y, Hirata J, et al. “Effect of Korean red ginseng on psychological functions in patients with severe climacteric syndromes.” International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 67 (3) (1999): 169–74.

39. Wiklund L, Mattsson L, Lindgren R, Limoni C. “Effects of a standardized ginseng on the quality of life and physiological parameters in symptomatic postmenopausal women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.” International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research 19 (3) (1999): 89–99.

40. Rister R, Klein S, Riggins C. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines (Austin, TX: American Botanical Council, 1998).

41. Taavoni S, Ekbatani N, Kashaniyan M, Haghani H. “Effect of valerian on sleep quality in postmenopausal women: a randomized placebocontrolled clinical trial.” Menopause 18 (9) (2011): 951–55.

42. Kuhlmann J, Berger W, Podzuweit H, Schmidt U. “The influence of valerian treatment on ‘reaction time, alertness and concentration’ in volunteers.” Pharmacopsychiatry 32 (1999): 235–41.

43. Taavoni S, Ekbatani N, Kashaniyan M, Haghani H. “Effect of valerian on sleep quality in postmenopausal women: a randomized placebocontrolled clinical trial.” Menopause 18 (9) (2011): 951–55.

44. Hirata JD, Swiersz LM, Zell B. “Does dong quai have estrogenic effects in postmenopausal women? A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.” Fertility and Sterility 68 (1997): 981–86.

45. Zhu DP. “Dong quai.” American Journal of Chinese Medicine 15 (3–4) (1987): 117–25; Zava DT, Dollbaum CM, Blen M. “Estrogen and progestin bioactivity of foods, herbs, and spices.” Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 217 (3) (1998): 369–78; Amato P, Christophe S, Mellon PL. “Estrogenic activity of herbs commonly used as remedies for menopausal symptoms.” Menopause 9 (2002): 145–50.

46. Baber RJ, Templeman C, Morton T, et al. “Randomized placebocontrolled trial of isoflavone supplement on menopausal symptoms in women.” Climacteric 2 (2) (1999): 85–92; Tice JA, Ettinger B, Ensrud K. “Phytoestrogen supplements for the treatment of hot flashes: the Isoflavone Clover Extract (ICE) Study: a randomized controlled trial.” Journal of the American Medical Association 290 (2) (2003): 207–14; Knight DC, Howes JB, Eden JA. “The effect of Promensil, an isoflavone extract, on menopausal symptoms.” Climacteric (2) (1999): 79–84.

47. Cosgrove L, Shi L, Creasey DE, et al. “Antidepressants and breast and ovarian cancer risk: a review of the literature and researchers’ financial associations with industry.” PLoS One 6 (4) (2011): e18210.

48. Lindheim SR, Legro RS, Bernstein L, et al. “Behavioral stress responses in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and the effects of estrogen.” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 167 (6) (1992): 1831–36.

49. Lokuge S, Frey BN, Foster JA, et al. “Depression in women: windows of vulnerability and new insights into the link between estrogen and serotonin.” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 72 (11) (2011): e1563–69.

50. Soares CN, Almeida OP, Joffe H, Cohen LS. “Efficacy of estradiol for the treatment of depressive disorders in perimenopausal women: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.” Archives of General Psychiatry 58 (6) (2001): 529–34.

51. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al.; Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. “Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial.” Journal of the American Medical Association 288 (3) (2002): 321–33.

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54. Yong M, Atkinson C, Newton KM. “Associations between endogenous sex hormone levels and mammographic and bone densities in premenopausal women.” Cancer Causes Control 20 (7) (2009): 1039–53.

55. Huang Y, Malone KE, Cushing-Haugen KL, et al. “Relationship between menopausal symptoms and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.” Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 20 (2) (2011): 379–88.

56. Szmuilowicz ED, Manson JE, Rossouw JE, et al. “Vasomotor symptoms and cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women.” Menopause 18 (6) (2011): 603–10.

57. Files JA, Ko MG, Pruthi S. “Bioidentical Hormone Therapy.” Mayo Clinic Proceedings 86 (7) (2011): 673–80.

Глава 8: Избыточные андрогены

1. March WA, Moore VM, Willson KJ, et al. “The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a community sample assessed under contrasting diagnostic criteria.” Human Reproduction 25 (2010): 544–51. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dep399.

2. Dabbs JM Jr, Hargrove MF. “Age, testosterone, and behavior among female prison inmates.” Psychosomatic Medicine 59 (5) (1997): 477–80.

3. Bromberger JT, Schott LL, Kravitz HM, et al. “Longitudinal change in reproductive hormones and depressive symptoms across the menopausal transition: results from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN).” Archives of General Psychiatry 67 (6) (2010): 598–607.

4. Sapienza P, Zingales L, Maestripieri D. “Gender differences in financial risk aversion and career choices are affected by testosterone.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106 (36) (2009): 15268–73.

5. Morrison MF, Freeman EW, Lin H, Sammel MD. “Higher DHEA-S (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) levels are associated with depressive symptoms during the menopausal transition: results from the PENN Ovarian Aging Study.” Archives of Women’s Mental Health 14 (5) (2011): 375–82. doi: 10.1007/s00737-011–0231-5; Chen MJ, Chen CD, Yang JH, et al. “High serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is associated with phenotypic acne and a reduced risk of abdominal obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.” Human Reproduction 26 (1) (2011): 227–34; Villareal DT, Holloszy JO. “Effect of DHEA on abdominal fat and insulin action in elderly women and men: a randomized controlled trial.” Journal of the American Medical Association 292 (18) (2004): 2243–48.

6. Panjari M, Davis SR. “Vaginal DHEA to treat menopause-related atrophy: a review of the evidence.” Maturitas 70 (1) (2011): 22–25.

7. Camacho-Martínez FM. “Hair loss in women.” Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 28 (1) (2009): 19–32.

8. Legro RS. “Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: treating a phenotype without a genotype.” Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 145 (1–2) (1998): 103–10.

9. Wild RA, Carmina E, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, et al. “Assessment of cardiovascular risk and prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (AE-PCOS) Society.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 95 (5) (2010): 2038–49.

10. Boudarene M, Legros JJ, Timsit-Berthier M. “Study of the stress response: role of anxiety, cortisol and DHEAs.” Encephale 28 (2) (2002): 139–46 [article in French].

11. Rosenfield RL, Bordini B. “Evidence that obesity and androgens have independent and opposing effects on gonadotropin production from puberty to maturity.” Brain Research 1364 (2010): 186–97.

12. Huang A, Brennan K, Azziz R. “Prevalence of hyperandrogenemia in the polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed by the National Institutes of Health 1990 criteria.” Fertility and Sterility 93 (6) (2010): 1938–41; Azziz R, Sanchez LA, Knochenhauer ES, et al. “Androgen excess in women: experience with over 1,000 consecutive patients.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 89 (2) (2004): 453–62.

13. Yildiz BO. “Diagnosis of hyperandrogenism: clinical criteria.” Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 20 (2) (2006): 167–76.

14. Sathyapalan T, Atkin SL. “Mediators of inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome in relation to adiposity.” Mediators of Inflammation 758656 (2010); Escobar-Morreale HF, Luque-Ramírez M, González F. “Circulating inflammatory markers in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and metaanalysis.” Fertility and Sterility 95 (3) (2011): 1048–58. e1–2; Repaci A, Gambineri A, Pasquali R. “The role of low-grade inflammation in the polycystic ovary syndrome.” Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 335 (1) (2011): 30–41.

15. Lambrinoudaki I. “Cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.” Maturitas 68 (1) (2011): 13–16.

16. Puurunen J, Piltonen T, Morin-Papunen L, et al. “Unfavorable hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory alterations persist after menopause in women with PCOS.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 96 (6) (2011): 1827–34.

17. de França Neto AH, Rogatto S, Do Amorim MM, et al. “Oncological repercussions of polycystic ovary syndrome.” Gynecological Endocrinology 26 (10) (2010): 708–11; Hardiman P, Pillay OS, Atiomo A. “Polycystic ovary syndrome and endometrial carcinoma.” Lancet 361 (2003): 1810–12. Erratum in Lancet 362 (9389) (2003): 1082.

18. Barry JA, Hardiman PJ, Saxby BK, Kuczmierczyk A. “Testosterone and mood dysfunction in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome compared to subfertile controls.” Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology 32 (2) (2011): 104–11; Himelein MJ, Thatcher SS. “Polycystic ovary syndrome and mental health: a review.” Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey 61 (11) (2006): 723–32; Pastore LM, Patrie JT, Morris WL, et al. “Depression symptoms and body dissatisfaction association among polycystic ovary syndrome women.” Journal of Psychosomatic Research 71 (4) (2011): 270–76.

19. Livadas S, Chaskou S, Kandaraki AA, et al. “Anxiety is associated with hormonal and metabolic profile in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.” Clinical Endocrinology (Oxford) 75 (5) (2011): 698–703.doi: 10.1111/j.1365–2265.2011.04122.x.

20. Schwimmer JB, Khorram O, Chiu V, Schwimmer WB. “Abnormal aminotransferase activity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.” Fertility and Sterility 83 (2005): 494–97; Economou F, Xyrafis X, Livadas S, et al. “In overweight/obese but not in normal-weight women, polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with elevated liver enzymes compared to controls.” Hormones (Athens) 8 (3) (2009): 199–206.

21. Sheehan MT. “Polycystic ovarian syndrome: diagnosis and management.” Clinical Medicine and Research 2 (1) (2004): 13–27.

22. Lass N, Kleber M, Winkel K, et al. “Effect of Lifestyle Intervention on Features of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Metabolic Syndrome, and Intima-Media Thickness in Obese Adolescent Girls.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 96 (11) (2011): 3533–40.

23. Smith RN, Mann NJ, Braue A, et al. “The effect of a high-protein, low glycemic-load diet versus a conventional, high glycemic-load diet on biochemical parameters associated with acne vulgaris: a randomized, investigator-masked, controlled trial.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 57 (2) (2007): 247–56; Smith R, Mann N, Mäkeläinen H, et al. “A pilot study to determine the short-term effects of a low glycemic load diet on hormonal markers of acne: a nonrandomized, parallel, controlled feeding trial.” Molecular Nutrition and Food Research 52 (6) (2008): 718–26.

24. Marsh K, Brand-Miller J. “The optimal diet for women with polycystic ovary syndrome?” British Journal of Nutrition 94 (2) (2005): 154–65.

25. Simopoulos AP. “The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids.” Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 56 (8) (2002): 365–79.

26. Phelan N, O’Connor A, Kyaw Tun T, et al. “Hormonal and metabolic effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: results from a cross-sectional analysis and a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 93 (3) (2011): 652–62.

27. Nidhi R, Padmalatha V, Nagarathna R, Ram A. “Effect of a yoga program on glucose metabolism and blood lipid levels in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome.” International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 24 (4) (2012): 223–27.

28. Anderson RA. “Chromium and polyphenols from cinnamon improve insulin sensitivity.” Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 67 (1) (2008): 48–53.

29. Нет списка авторов “A scientific review: the role of chromium in insulin resistance.” The Diabetes Educator (2004): Supplement 2–14.

30. Nordio M, Proietti E. “The combined therapy with myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol reduces the risk of metabolic disease in PCOS overweight patients compared to myo-inositol supplementation alone.” European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 16 (5) (2012): 575–81.

31. Nestler JE, Jakubowicz DJ, Reamer P, et al. “Ovulatory and metabolic effects of D-chiro-inositol in the polycystic ovary syndrome.” New England Journal of Medicine 340 (17) (1999): 1314–20.

32. Iuorno MJ, Jakubowicz DJ, Baillargeon JP, et al. “Effects of d-chiroinositol in lean women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.” Endocrine Practice 8 (6) (2002): 417–23.

33. Li HW, Brereton RE, Anderson RA, et al. “Vitamin D deficiency is common and associated with metabolic risk factors in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.” Metabolism 60 (10) (2011): 1475–81.

34. Stener-Victorin E, Waldenström U, Tägnfors U, et al. “Effects of electro-acupuncture on anovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.” Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 79 (3) (2000): 180–88.

35. Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Piperi C, Spina J, et al. “Polycystic ovary syndrome: the influence of environmental and genetic factors.” Hormones (Athens) 5 (1) (2006): 17–34; Kandaraki E, Chatzigeorgiou A, Livadas S, et al. “Endocrine disruptors and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): elevated serum levels of bisphenol A in women with PCOS.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 96 (3) (2011): E480–84.

36. Zhang J, Li T, Zhou L, et al. “Chinese herbal medicine for subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 9 (2010): CD007535.

37. Anderson RA. “Chromium and polyphenols from cinnamon improve insulin sensitivity.” Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 67 (1) (2008): 48–53.

38. Ziegenfuss TN, Hofheins JE, Mendel RW, et al. “Effects of a watersoluble cinnamon extract on body composition and features of the metabolic syndrome in pre-diabetic men and women.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 3 (2006): 45–53.

39. Kuek S, Wang WJ, Gui SQ. “Efficacy of Chinese patent medicine Tian Gui Capsule in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.” Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao (Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine) 9 (9) (2011): 965–72.

Глава 9: Низкий тироид

1. Kritz-Silverstein D, Schultz ST, Palinska LA, et al. “The association of thyroid stimulating hormone levels with cognitive function and depressed mood: the Rancho Bernardo study.” Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging 13 (4) (2009): 317–21.

2. Gold MS, Pottash AL, Extein I. “Hypothyroidism and depression. Evidence from complete thyroid function evaluation.” Journal of the American Medical Association 245 (19) (1981): 1919–22; Hickie I, Bennett B, Mitchell P, et al. “Clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with chronic and treatment-resistant depression.” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30 (2) (1996): 246–52.

3. Canaris GJ, Manowitz NR, Mayor G, Ridgway EC. “The Colorado Thyroid Disease Prevalence Study.” Archives of Internal Medicine 160 (2000): 526–34; Empson M, Flood V, Ma G, et al. “Prevalence of thyroid disease in an older Australian population.” International Medical Journal 37 (7) (2007): 448–55.

4. “Oxford Companion to the Body: thyroid gland,” accessed 2012 http://www.answers.com/topic/thyroid-1, http://www.netplaces.com/thyroid-disease/hypothyroidism/blood-tests.htm.

5. Shifren JL, Desindes S, McIlwain M, et al. “A randomized, open-label, crossover study comparing the effects of oral versus transdermal estrogen therapy on serum androgens, thyroid hormones, and adrenal hormones in naturally menopausal women.” Menopause 14 (6) (2007): 985–94.

6. Van den Beld AW, Visser TJ, Feelders RA, et al. “Thyroid hormone concentrations, disease, physical function, and mortality in elderly men.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 90 (12) (2005): 6403–9.

7. Parle J, Roberts L, Wilson S, et al. “A randomized controlled trial of the effect of thyroxine replacement on cognitive function in community-living elderly subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism: the Birmingham Elderly Thyroid study.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 95 (8) (2010): 3623–32; Pollock MA, Sturrock A, Marshall K, et al. “Thyroxine treatment in patients with symptoms of hypothyroidism but thyroid function tests within the reference range: randomised double blind placebo controlled crossover trial.” British Medical Journal 323 (7318) (2001): 891–95; Surks MI, Ortiz E, Daniels GH, et al. “Subclinical thyroid disease: scientific review and guidelines for diagnosis and management.” Journal of the American Medical Association 291 (2) (2004): 228–38; Villar HC, Saconato H, Valente O, Atallah AN. “Thyroid hormone replacement for subclinical hypothyroidism.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3 (2007): CD003419.

8. Cai Y, Ren Y, Shi J. “Blood pressure levels in patients with subclinical thyroid dysfunction: a meta-analysis of cross-sectional data.” Hypertension Research 34 (10) (2011): 1098–105. doi: 10.1038/ hr.2011.91; Magri F, Buonocore M, Camera A, et al. “Improvement of intra-epidermal nerve fiber density in hypothyroidism after L-thyroxine therapy.” Clinical Endocrinology (Oxford) (2012), doi: 10.1111/j.1365–2265.2012.04447.x; Razvi S, Weaver JU, Butler TJ, Pearce SH. “Levothyroxine Treatment of Subclinical Hypothyroidism, Fatal and Nonfatal Cardiovascular Events, and Mortality.” Archives of Internal Medicine 172 (10) (2012): 811–17; Reid SM, Middleton P, Cossich MC, Crowther CA. “Interventions for clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 7 (2010): CD007752; Van den Boogaard E, Vissenberg R, Land JA, et al. “Significance of (sub)clinical thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity before conception and in early pregnancy: a systematic review.” Human Reproduction Update 17 (5) (2011): 605–19; Villar HC, Saconato H, Valente O, Atallah AN. “Thyroid hormone replacement for subclinical hypothyroidism.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3 (2007): CD 003419.

9. Wartofsky L, Dickey RA. “The evidence for a narrower thyrotropin reference range is compelling.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 90 (9) (2005): 5483–88.

10. Brent GA. “Clinical practice. Graves’ disease.” New England Journal of Medicine 358 (24) (2008): 2594–605.

11. Pearce EN, Farwell AP, Braverman LE. “Thyroiditis.” New England Journal of Medicine 348 (2003): 2646–55.

12. Tan ZS, Beiser A, Vasan RS, et al. “Thyroid Function and the Risk of Alzheimer Disease: The Framingham Study.” Archives of Internal Medicine 168 (14) (2008): 1514–20.

13. Hak AE, Pols HA, Visser TJ, et al. “Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: the Rotterdam Study.” Annals of Internal Medicine 132 (4) (2000): 270–78.

14. Martins RM, Fonseca RH, Duarte MM, et al. “Impact of subclinical hypo-thyroidism treatment in systolic and diastolic cardiac function.” Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia e Metabologia 55 (7) (2011): 460–67.

15. Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Bourguignon JP, Giudice LC, et al. “Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement.” Endocrine Reviews 30 (4) (2009): 293–342.

16. Sund-Levander M, Forsberg C, Wahren LK. “Normal oral, rectal, tympanic and axillary body temperature in adult men and women: a systematic literature review.” Scandinavian Journal of Caring Science 16 (2) (2002): 122–28.

17. Marwaha RK, Tandon N, Garg MK, et al. “Thyroid status two decades after salt iodisation: Country-wide data in school children from India.” Clinical Endocrinology (Oxford) (2011). doi: 10.1111/j.1365–2265.2011.04307.x.

18. Mazzoccoli G, Carughi S, Sperandeo M, et al. “Neuro-endocrine correlations of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in healthy humans.” Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents 25 (2) (2011): 249–57.

19. Roelfsema F, Pereira AM, Biermasz NR, et al. “Diminished and irregular TSH secretion with delayed acrophase in patients with Cushing’s syndrome.” European Journal of Endocrinology 161 (5) (2009): 695–703.

20. Kivity S, Agmon-Levin N, Zisappl M, et al. “Vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid diseases.” Cellular and Molecular Immunology 8 (3) (2011): 243–47; Tamer G, Arik S, Tamer I, Coksert D. “Relative vitamin D insufficiency in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.” Thyroid 21 (8) (2011): 891–96.

21. Assimakopoulos SF, Papageorgiou I, Charonis A. “Enterocytes’ tight junctions: From molecules to diseases.” World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2 (6) (2011): 123–37.

22. Metso S, Hyytiä-Ilmonen H, Kaukinen K, et al. “Gluten-free diet and autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with celiac disease. A prospective controlled study.” Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 47 (1) (2012): 43–48.

23. Там же; Sategna-Guidetti C, Volta U, Ciacci C, et al. “Prevalence of thyroid disorders in untreated adult celiac disease patients and effect of gluten withdrawal: an Italian multicenter study.” American Journal of Gastroenterology 96 (3) (2001): 751–57.

24. Reid JR, Wheeler SF. “Hyperthyroidism: Diagnosis and Treatment.” American Family Physician 72 (4) (2005): 623–30.

25. Rushton DH, Dover R, Sainsbury AW, et al. “Iron deficiency is neglected in women’s health.” British Medical Journal 325 (7373) (2002): 1176.

26. Nishiyama S, Futagoishi-Suginohara Y, Matsukura M, et al. “Zinc supplementation alters thyroid hormone metabolism in disabled patients with zinc deficiency.” Journal of the American College of Nutrition 13 (1) (1994): 62–67.

27. Toulis KA, Anastasilakis AD, Tzellos TG, et al. “Selenium supplementation in the treatment of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: a systematic review and a meta-analysis.” Thyroid 20 (10) (2010): 1163–73.

28. Schomburg L. “Selenium, selenoproteins and the thyroid gland: interactions in health and disease.” Nature Reviews Endocrinology 8 (3) (2011):160–71. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2011.174.

29. Olivieri O, Girelli D, Azzini M, et al. “Low selenium status in the elderly influences thyroid hormones.” Clinical Science (London) 89 (6) (1995): 637–42; Olivieri O, Girelli D, Stanzial AM, et al. “Selenium, zinc, and thyroid hormones in healthy subjects: low T3/T4 ratio in the elderly is related to impaired selenium status.” Biological Trace Element Research 51 (1) (1996): 31–41.

30. Hess SY. “The impact of common micronutrient deficiencies on iodine and thyroid metabolism: the evidence from human studies.” Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 24 (1) (2010): 117–32.

31. Rushton DH, Dover R, Sainsbury AW, et al. “Iron deficiency is neglected in women’s health.” British Medical Journal 325 (7373) (2002): 1176.

32. “University of Maryland: Hypothyroidism,” http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/hypothyroidism-000093.htm.

33. Bowthorpe J. Stop the Thyroid Madness: A Patient Revolution Against Decades of Inferior Treatment (Fredericksburg, TX: Laughing Grape Publishing, 2011); Shomon MJ. Living Well with Hypothyroidism: What Your Doctor Doesn’t Tell You. . That You Need to Know (Revised Edition) (New York: William Morrow Paperbacks, 2005); Shomon MJ. The Thyroid Diet Revolution: Manage Your Master Gland of Metabolism for Lasting Weight Loss (New York: William Morrow Paperbacks, 2012).

Глава 10: Наиболее распространенные комбинации гормональных дисбалансов

1. Abdullatif HD, Ashraf AP. “Reversible subclinical hypothyroidism in the presences of adrenal insufficiency.” Endocrine Practice 12 (5) (2006): 572; Doshi SR. “Relative adrenal insufficiency masquerading hypothyroidism.” Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 4 (4) (2010): 2907–9; Fitzgerald KN. Case Studies in Integrative and Functional Medicine. Duluth, GA: Metametrix Institute: 2011; Mathioudakis N, Thapa S, Wand GS, Salvatori R. “ACTH-secreting pituitary microadenomas are associated with a higher prevalence of central hypothyroidism compared to other microadenoma types.” Clinical Endocrinology (Oxford) (2012). doi: 10.1111/j.1365–2265.2012.04442.x; Mazzoccoli G, Carughi S, Sperandeo M, et al. “Neuro-endocrine correlations of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in healthy humans.” Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents 25 (2) (2011): 249–57; Roelfsema F, Pereira AM, Biermasz NR, et al. “Diminished and irregular TSH secretion with delayed acrophase in patients with Cushing’s syndrome.” European Journal of Endocrinology 161 (5) (2009): 695–703.

2. Mazzoccoli G, Carughi S, Sperandeo M, et al. “Neuro-endocrine correlations of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in healthy humans.” Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents 25 (2) (2011): 249–57.

3. Boas M, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Main KM. “Thyroid effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals.” Molecular Cellular Endocrinology 355 (2) (2012): 240–48; Boas M, Main KM, Feldt-Rasmussen U. “Environmental chemicals and thyroid function: an update.” Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity 16 (5) (2009): 385–91; Patrick L. “Thyroid disruption: mechanism and clinical implications in human health.” Alternative Medicine Review 14 (4) (2009): 326–46; Jugan ML, Levi Y, Blondeau JP. “Endocrine disruptors and thyroid hormone physiology.” Biochemical Pharmacology 79 (7) (2010): 939–47.

4. Cohen S, Janicki-Deverts D, Doyle WJ, et al. “Chronic stress, glucocorticoid receptor resistance, inflammation, and disease risk.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109 (16) (2012): 5995–99.

5. Cole SW. “Social regulation of leukocyte homeostasis: the role of glucocorticoid sensitivity.” Brain Behavior and Immunity 22 (7) (2008): 1049–55; Meagher MW, Johnson RR, Good E, Welsh TH. “Social stress alters the severity of a virally initiated model of multiple sclerosis.” Psychoneuroimmunology 4th ed. Ader R, Felton D, Cohen N, eds. Academic, vol. II (2006): 1107–24.

6. Cohen S, Janicki-Deverts D, Doyle WJ, et al. “Chronic stress, glucocorticoid receptor resistance, inflammation, and disease risk.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109 (16) (2012): 5995–99.

7. Goosens KA, Sapolsky RM. “Stress and Glucocorticoid Contributions to Normal and Pathological Aging.” In Riddle DR, ed. Brain Aging: Models, Methods, and Mechanisms in Frontiers in Neuroscience. Boca Raton, Fl: CRC Press, 2007: Chapter 13.

8. Stone AA, Schwartz JE, Broderick JE, Deaton A. “A snapshot of the age distribution of psychological well-being in the United States.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107 (22) (2010): 9985–90.

9. Terzidis K, Panoutsopoulos A, Mantzou A, Tourli P, et al. “Lower early morning plasma cortisol levels are associated with thyroid autoimmunity in the elderly.” European Journal of Endocrinology 162 (2) (2010): 307–13.

10. Conley C. Emotional Equations: Simple Truths for Creating Happiness and Success. New York: Free Press, 2012; Mathioudakis N, Thapa S, Wand GS, Salvatori R. “ACTH-secreting pituitary microadenomas are associated with a higher prevalence of central hypothyroidism compared to other microadenoma types.” Clinical Endocrinology (Oxford) (2012). doi: 10.1111/j.1365–2265.2012.04442.x.

11. Abdullatif HD, Ashraf AP. “Reversible subclinical hypothyroidism in the presence of adrenal insufficiency.” Endocrine Practice 12 (5) (2006): 572.

12. Baumgartner A, Hiedra L, Pinna G, et al. “Rat brain type II 5’-iodothyronine deiodinase activity is extremely sensitive to stress.” Journal of Neurochemistry 71 (1998): 817–26; Bradley DJ, Towle HC, Young WS. “3rd Spatial and temporal expression of alpha- and betathyroid hormone receptor mRNAs, including the beta 2-subtype, in the developing mammalian nervous system.” Journal of Neuroscience 12 (1992): 2288–302; Puymirat J, Miehe M, Marchand R, et al. “Immunocytochemical localization of thyroid hormone receptors in the adult rat brain.” Thyroid (1991): 173–84.

13. Dluhy RG. “The adrenal cortex in thyrotoxicosis” in Braverman L, Utiger R, eds. Werner and Ingbar’s The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text, 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2005: 602–5.

14. Doshi SR. “Relative adrenal insufficiency masquerading hypothyroidism.” Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 4 (4) (2010): 2907–9; Fitzgerald KN. Case Studies in Integrative and Functional Medicine. Duluth, GA: Metametrix Institute, 2011; Mathioudakis N, Thapa S, Wand GS, Salvatori R. “ACTH-secreting pituitary microadenomas are associated with a higher prevalence of central hypothyroidism compared to other microadenoma types.” Clinical Endocrinology (Oxford) (2012). doi: 10.1111/j.1365–2265.2012.04442.x.

15. Danhof-Pont MB, van Veen T, Zitman FG. “Biomarkers in burnout: a systematic review.” Journal of Psychosomatic Research 70 (6) (2011): 505–24; Endocrine Society (2010), http://www.hormone.org/public/myths_facts.cfm; Nippoldt T. “Mayo Clinic office visit. Adrenalfatigue. An interview with Todd Nippoldt, M.D.” Mayo Clinic Women’s Healthsource 14 (3) (2010): 6.

16. Lewis G, Wessely S. “The epidemiology of fatigue: more questions than answers.” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 46 (2) (1992): 92–97.

17. American College Health Association (2011), http://www.achancha.org/docs/ACHA-NCHA-II_ReferenceGroup_ExecutiveSummary_Spring2011.pdf.

18. Rabin RC. “Sleeping Pills Rising in Popularity Among Young Adults.” New York Times, January 14, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/15/health/15sleep.html.

19. Leproult R, Van Cauter E. “Role of sleep and sleep loss in hormonal release and metabolism.” Endocrine Development 17 (2010): 11–21; Lovallo WR, Farag NH, Vincent AS, et al. “Cortisol responses to mental stress, exercise, and meals following caffeine intake in men and women.” Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 83 (3) (2006): 441–47.

20. Dean BB, Borenstein JE. “A prospective assessment investigating the relationship between work productivity and impairment with premenstrual syndrome.” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 46 (2004): 649–56; Hourani LL, Yuan H, Bray RM. “Psychosocial and lifestyle correlates of premenstrual symptoms among military women.” Journal of Women’s Health 13 (2004): 812–21; Tabassum S, Afridi B, Aman Z, et al. “Premenstrual syndrome: frequency and severity in young college girls.” Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 55 (2005): 546–49.

21. Maruo T, Katayama K, Barnea ER, Mochizuki M. “A role for thyroid hormone in the induction of ovulation and corpus luteum function.” Hormone Research 37 Suppl. 1 (1992): 12–18.

22. Leonard JL, Koehrle J. “Intracellular, Pathways of Iodothyronine Metabolism” in Braverman LE, Utiger RD, eds. Werner and Ingbar’s The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text, 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2005: 119; Stavreus Evers A. “Paracrine Interactions of Thyroid Hormones and Thyroid Stimulation Hormone in the Female Reproductive Tract Have an Impact on Female Fertility.” Frontiers in Endocrinology (Lausanne) 3 (2012): 50.

23. Hatsuta M, Abe K, Tamura K, et al. “Effects of hypothyroidism on the estrous cycle and reproductive hormones in mature female rat.” European Journal of Pharmacology 486 (3) (2004): 343–48; Jahagirdar V, Zoeller TR, Tighe DP, et al. “Maternal hypothyroidism decreases progesterone receptor expression in the cortical subplate of fetal rat brain.” Journal of Neuroendocrinology (2012). doi: 10.1111/j.1365–2826.2012.02318.x.

24. Zagrodzki P, Przybylik-Mazurek E. “Selenium and hormone interactions in female patients with Hashimoto disease and healthy subjects.” Endocrine Research 35 (1) (2010): 24–34; Zagrodzki P, Ratajczak R. “Selenium status, sex hormones, and thyroid function in young women.” Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 22 (4) (2008): 296–304; Zagrodzki P, Ratajczak R, Wietecha-Posłuszny R. “The interaction between selenium status, sex hormones, and thyroid metabolism in adolescent girls in the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle.” Biological Trace Element Research 120 (1–3) (2007): 51–60.

Приложение H

1. Olsson EM, von Schéele B, Panossian AG. “A randomised, doubleblind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the standardized extract shr-5 of the roots of Rhodiola rosea in the treatment of subjects with stress-related fatigue.” Planta Medica 75 (2) (2009): 105–12.

2. Amen D. Unleash the Power of the Female Brain: Supercharging Yours for Better Health, Energy, Mood, Focus, and Sex (New York: Harmony Books, 2013).

3. Noreen EE, Buckley JG, Lewis SL, et al. “The effects of an acute dose of Rhodiola rosea on endurance exercise performance.” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 3 (March 27, 2013): 839–47.

4. Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards JW, Rosner BA, et al. “Caffeinated and alcoholic beverage intake in relation to ovulatory disorder infertility.” Epidemiology (2009): 374–81.

5. Chutkan, R. Gutbliss: A 10-Day Plan to Ban Bloat, Flush Toxins, and Dump Your Digestive Baggage (New York: Avery, 2013).

6. Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards JW, Rosner BA, et al. “Use of multivitamins, intake of B vitamins, and risk of ovulatory infertility.” Journal of Fertility and Sterility (2008): 668–76; Wilson RD, Johnson JA, Wyatt P, et al. Genetics Committee of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada and The Motherrisk Program, “Pre-conceptional vitamin/folic acid supplementation 2007: the use of folic acid in combination with a multivitamin supplement for the prevention of neural tube defects and other congenital anomalies.” Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada (2007): 1003–26.

7. Anagnostis P, Karras S, Goulis DG. “Vitamin D in human reproduction: a narrative review.” Integrative Journal of Clinical Practice (2013).

8. Westphal LM, Polan ML, Trant AS. “Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Fertilityblend: a nutritional supplement for improving fertility in women.” Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology 33 (4) (2006): 205–8.

9. http://www.ahpa.org; Dugoua JJ, Seely D, Perri D, et al. “Safety and efficacy of chastetree (Vitex agnus-castus) during pregnancy and lactation.” Canadian Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 15 (1) (Winter 2008): e74–e79; Daniele C, Thompson Coon J, Pittler MH, et al. “Vitex agnus castus: a systematic review of adverse events.” Drug Safety 28 (4) (2005): 319–32.

10. Buie T, Winter H, Kushak R. “Preliminary findings in gastrointestinal investigation of autistic patients.” Summary: Harvard University and Mass General Hospital (2002); Valicenti-McDermott M, McVicar K, Rapin I, et al. “Frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders and association with family history of autoimmune disease.” Journal of Developmental Behavior & Pediatrics (2006): 128–36; Green M, et al. “Public health implications of the microbial pesticide Bacillus thuringiensis: an epidemiological study, Oregon, 1985–86.” American Journal of Public Health 80 (7) (1990): 848–52; http://www.againstthegrainnutrition.com/newsandnotes/2009/04/14/genetically-engineered-corn-may-causeallergies-infertility-and-disease/#sthash.SHd4fgys.dpuf; Velimirov A, et al. “Biological effects of transgenic maize NK603xMON810 fed in long-term reproduction studies in mice.” Forschungsberichte der Sektion (2008): http://www.againstthegrainnutrition.com/newsand notes/2009/04/14/genetically-engineered-corn-may-cause-allergiesinfertility-and-disease/#sthash.SHd4fgys.dpuf; Kay VR, Chambers C, Foster WG. “Reproductive and developmental effects of phthalate diesters in females.” Critical Review of Toxicology (2013): 200–19.

11. Samsel A, Seneff S. “Glyphosate’s suppression of cytochrome P450 enzymes and amino acid biosynthesis by the gut microbiome: pathways to modern diseases.” Entropy 15 (4) (April 2013): 1416–63.

12. Joensen UN, Frederiksen H, Jensen MB, et al. “Phthalate excretion pattern and testicular function: a study of 881 healthy Danish men.” Environmental Health Perspectives (2012): 1397–403.

13. Cobellis L, Latini G, De Felice C, et al. “High plasma concentrations of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate in women with endometriosis.” Journal of Human Reproduction 18 (7) (2003): 1512–15; Mendola P, Messer LC, Rappazzo K. “Science linking environmental contaminant exposures with fertility and reproductive health impacts in the adult female.” Journal of Fertility and Sterility (2008): e81–e94; Hoppin JA, Jaramillo R, London SJ, et al. “Phthalate exposure and allergy in the U.S. population: results from NHANES 2005–2006.” Environmental Health Perspectives (2013).

14. Bauquis C. “Adverse effects of phthalates on ovarian response to IVF.” European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (2013).

15. United States Consumer Product Safety Commission, http://cs.cpsc.gov/ConceptDemo/SearchCPSC.aspx?query=http://www.cpsc.gov/info/toysafety/phthalates.html&OldURL=true&autodisplay=true.

16. O ’Connor PJ, Poudevigne MS, Cress ME, et al. “Safety and efficacy of supervised strength training adopted in pregnancy.” Journal of Physical and Active Health (2011): 309–20; Dye TD, Knox KL, Artal R, et al. “Physical activity, obesity, and diabetes in pregnancy.” American Journal of Epidemiology (1997): 961–65.

17. Rakhshani A, Nagarathna R, Mhaskar R, et al. “The effects of yoga in prevention of pregnancy complications in high-risk pregnancies: a randomized controlled trial.” Preventive Medicine 55 (4) (October 2012): 333–40, doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.07.020, epub August 2, 2012; Deshpande C, Rakshani A, Nagarathna R, et al. “Yoga for high-risk pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial.” Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research 3 (3) (July 2013): 341–44.

Вопросы и ответы

1. Caso Marasco A, Vargas Ruiz R, Salas Villagomez A, et al. “Double blind study of a multivitamin complex supplemented with ginseng extract.” Drugs under Experimental and Clinical Research 2 (1996): 323–29; Olsson EM, von Schéele B, Panossian AG. “A randomised, doubleblind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the standardized extract shr-5 of the roots of Rhodiola rosea in the treatment of subjects with stress-related fatigue.” Planta Medica 75 (2) (2009): 105–12.

2. Parker WH, Broder MS, Liu Z, et al. “Ovarian conservation at the time of hysterectomy for benign disease.” Obstetrics & Gynecology (2005): 219–26.

3. Tode T, Kikuchi Y, Hirata J, et al. “Effect of Korean red ginseng on psychological functions in patients with severe climacteric syndromes.” International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 67 (3) (1999): 169–74.

4. Dorgan J, Baer D, Albert P, et al. “Serum hormones and the alcoholbreast cancer association in postmenopausal women.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 93 (2001): 710–15; Mahabir S, Baer DJ, Johnson LL, et al. “The effects of moderate alcohol supplementation on estrone sulfate and DHEAS in postmenopausal women in a controlled feeding study.” Nutrition Journal 3 (11) (2004).

5. Grodin JM, Siiteri PK, MacDonald PC. “Source of estrogen production in postmenopausal women.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 36 (2) (1973): 207–14.

6. Shah D, Bansal S. “Polycystic ovaries – beyond menopause.” Climacteric (October 2013).

7. Del Priore G, Gudipudi DK, Montemarano N, et al. “Oral diindolylmethane (DIM): pilot evaluation of a nonsurgical treatment for cervical dysplasia.” Gynecologic Oncology 116 (3) (2010): 464–67; Brooks NA, Wilcox G, Walker KZ, et al. “Beneficial effects of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on psychological symptoms and measures of sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women are not related to estrogen or androgen content.” Menopause 15 (6) (2008): 1157–62.

8. Schneider J, Kinne D, Fracchia A, et al. “Abnormal oxidative metabolism of estradiol in women with breast cancer.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 79 (1982): 3047–51; Fishman J, Schneider J, Hershcope RJ, Bradlow HL. “Increased estrogen 16 alphahydroxylase activity in women with breast and endometrial cancer.” Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 20 (4B) (1984): 1077–81; Zumoff B. “Hormonal profiles in women with breast cancer.” Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 21 (4) (1994): 751–72; Cauley JA, Zmuda JM, Danielson ME, et al. “Estrogen metabolites and the risk of breast cancer in older women.” Epidemiology 14 (6) (2003): 740–44; Kabat GC, O’Leary ES, Gammon MD, et al. “Estrogen metabolism and breast cancer.” Epidemiology 17 (1) (2006): 80–88; Im A, Vogel VG, Ahrendt G, et al. “Urinary estrogen metabolites in women at high risk for breast cancer.” Carcinogenesis 30 (9) (2009): 1532–35; Fishman J, Schneider J, Hershcope RJ, et al. “Increased estrogen 16 alpha-hydroxylase activity in women with breast and endometrial cancer.” Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 20 (4B) (1984): 1077–81; Eliassen AH, Spiegelman D, Xu X, et al. “Urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites and subsequent risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women.” Cancer Research 72 (3) (2012): 696–706.

9. Sund-Levander M, Forsberg C, Wahren LK. “Normal oral, rectal, tympanic and axillary body temperature in adult men and women: a systematic literature review.” Scandinavian Journal of Caring Science 16 (2) (2002): 122–28.

10. Huang A, Brennan K, Azziz R. “Prevalence of hyperandrogenemia in the polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed by the National Institutes of Health 1990 criteria.” Fertility and Sterility 93 (6) (2010): 1938–41; Azziz R, Sanchez LA, Knochenhauer ES, et al. “Androgen excess in women: experience with over 1,000 consecutive patients.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 89 (2) (2004): 453–62.

11. Rushton DH. Dover R, Sainsbury AW, et al. “Iron deficiency is neglected in women’s health.” British Medical Journal 325 (7373) (2002): 1176.

12. Taavoni S, Ekbatani N, Kashaniyan M, et al. “Effect of valerian on sleep quality in postmenopausal women: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.” Menopause 18 (9) (2011): 951–55.