World Health Organization, “Mobile Phone Use: A Growing Problem of Driver Distraction” (Geneva: WHO, 2011), retrieved on February 25, 2016 from .

S. M. Ravizza and R. E. Salo, “Task Switching in Psychiatric Disorders,” in Task Switching, ed. J. Grange and G. Houghton (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), 300–331.

D. Getahun, S. J. Jacobsen, M. J. Fassett, W. Chen, K. Demissie, and G. G. Rhoads, “Recent Trends in Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder,” JAMA Pediatrics 167, no. 3 (2013): 282–288.

S. W. Nikkelen, P. M. Valkenburg, M. Huizinga, and G. J. Bushman, “Media Use and ADHDRelated Behaviors in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis,” Developmental Psychology 50, no. 9 (2014): 2228–2241.

Ravizza and Salo, “Task Switching in Psychiatric Disorders.”

J. B. Ewen, J. S. Moher, B. M. Lakshmanan, M. Ryan, P. Xavier, N. E. Crone, M. B. Denckla, et al., “Multiple Task Interference Is Greater in Children with ADHD,” Developmental Neuropsychology 37, no. 2 (2012): 119–133.

Dana Foundation, ADHD, Multi-Tasking, and Reading, May 7, 2012, .

S. Siklos and K. A. Kerns, “Assessing Multitasking in Children with ADHD Using a Modified Six Elements Test,” Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 19, no. 3 (2004): 347–361. For an excellent summary of how the ADHD brain processes information differently than others, see J. Mishra, J. A. Anguera, D. A. Ziegler, and A. Gazzaley, “A Cognitive Framework for Understanding and Improving Interference Resolution in the Brain,” Progress in Brain Research 207 (2013) 351–377.

M. Narad, A. A. Garner, A. A. Brassell, D. Saxby, T. N. Antonini, K. M. O’Brien, L. Tamm, G. Matthews, and J. N. Epstein, “Impact of Distraction on the Driving Performance of Adolescents With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder,” JAMA Pediatrics, 167, no. 10 (2013): 933–938.

G. S. O’Keeffe and K. Clarke-Pearson, “The Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families,” Pediatrics 127, no. 4 (2011): 800–804.

L. D. Rosen, K. Whaling, S. Rab, L. M. Carrier, and N. A. Cheever, “Is Facebook Creating ‘iDisorders’? The Link between Clinical Symptoms of Psychiatric Disorders and Technology Use, Attitudes, and Anxiety,” Computers in Human Behavior, 29, no. 3 (2013): 1243–1254.

E. B. Thorsteinsson and L. Davey, “Adolescents’ Compulsive Internet Use and Depression: A Longitudinal Study,” Open Journal of Depression 3 (2014): 13.

L. L. Lou, Z. Yan, A. Nickerson, and R. McMorris, “An Examination of the Reciprocal Relationship of Loneliness and Facebook Use among First-Year College Students,” Journal of Educational Computing Research 46, no. 1 (2012): 105–117; K. B. Wright, J. Rosenberg, N. Egbert, N. A. Ploeger, D. R. Bernard, and S. King, “Communication Competence, Social Support, and Depression among College Students: A Model of Facebook and Face-to-Face Support Network Influence,” Journal of Health Communication, 18, no. 1 (2013): 41–57.

F. Grobe Deters and M. R. Mehl, “Does Posting Facebook Status Updates Increase or Decrease Loneliness? An Online Social Networking Experiment,” Social Psychological and Personality Science 4, no. 5 (2013): 579–586.

S. R. Tortolero, M. F. Peskin, E. F. Baumler, P. M. Cuccaro, M. N. Elliott, S. L. Davies, T. H. Lewis, et al., “Daily Violent Video Game Playing and Depression in Preadolescent Youth,” Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 17, no. 9 (2014): 609–615; I. Pantic, A. Damjanovic, J. Todorovic, D. Topalovic, D. Bojovic-Jovic, S. Ristic, and S. Pantic, “Association between Online Social Networking and Depression in High School Students: Behavioral Physiology Viewpoint,” Psychiatria Danubina 24, no. 1 (2012): 90–93; S. Thomee, A. Harenstam, and M. Hagberg, “Computer Use and Stress, Sleep Disturbances, and Symptoms of Depression among Young Adults – A Prospective Cohort Study,” BMC Psychiatry, 12, no. 1 (2012): 176; M. A. Moreno, L. A. Jelenchick, K. G. Egan, E. Cox, H. Young, K. E. Gannon, and T. Becker, “Feeling Bad on Facebook: Depression Disclosures by College Students on a Social Networking Site,” Depression and Anxiety 28, no. 6 (2011): 447–455; S. Thomee, M. Eklof, E. Gustafsson, R. Nilsson, and M. Hagberg, “Prevalence of Perceived Stress, Symptoms of Depression, and Sleep Disturbances in Relation to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Use among Young Adults – An Explorative Prospective Study,” Computers in Human Behavior 23, no. 3 (2007): 1300–1321; Y. Al-Saggaf and S. Nielsen, “Self-Disclosure on Facebook among Female Users and Its Relationship to Feelings of Loneliness,” Computers in Human Behavior 36 (2014): 460–468; C. M. Morrison and H. Gore, “The Relationship between Excessive Internet Use and Depression: A Questionnaire-Based Study of 1,319 Young People and Adults,” Psychopathology 43, no. 2 (2010): 121–126; D. A. Christakis, M. M. Moreno, L. Jelenchick, M. Myaing, and C. Zhou, “Problematic Internet Usage in US College Students: A Pilot Study,” BMC Medicine 9, no. 1 (2011): 77.

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Ravizza and Salo, “Task Switching in Psychiatric Disorders.”

R. Kotikalapudi, S. Chellappan, F. Montgomery, D. Wunsch, and K. Lutzen, “Associating Depressive Symptoms in College Students with Internet Usage Using Real Internet Data,” IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 31, no. 4 (2012): 73–80.

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Rosen et al., “Is Facebook Creating ‘iDisorders’?”

G. T. Waldhauser, M. Johansson, M. Backstrom, and A. Mecklinger, “Trait Anxiety, Working Memory Capacity, and the Effectiveness of Memory Suppression,” Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, no. 1 (2011): 21–27; L. Visu-Petra, M. Miclea, and G. Visu-Petra, “Individual Differences in Anxiety and Executive Functioning: A Multidimensional View,” International Journal of Psychology 48, no. 4 (2011): 649–659.

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Rosen, et al., “Is Facebook Creating ‘iDisorders’?”

Более подробную информацию о влиянии технологии на людей, страдающих нарциссическим расстройством личности, см. Rosen, iDisorder.

G. Rajendran, A. S. Law, R. H. Logie, M. Van Der Meulen, D. Fraser, and M. Corley, “Investigating Multitasking in High-Functioning Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders Using the Virtual Errands Task,” Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 41, no. 11 (2011): 1445–1454.

M. L. Gonzalez-Gadea, S. Baez, T. Torralva, F. X. Castellanos, A. Rattazzi, V. Bein, K. Rogg, F. Manes, and A. Ibanez, “Cognitive Variability in Adults with ADHD and AS: Disentangling the Roles of Executive Functions and Social Cognition,” Research in Developmental Disabilities 34, no. 2 (2013): 817–830.

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A. Lepp, J. Li, J. E. Barkley, and S. Salehi-Esfahani, “Exploring the Relationships between College Students’ Cell Phone Use, Personality, and Leisure,” Computers in Human Behavior 43 (2015): 210–219; A. Lepp and J. E. Barkley, “Cell Phone Use as Leisure: Activities, Motivations, and Affective Experiences,” in Book of Abstracts for the Leisure Research Symposium of the National Recreation and Parks Association’s Annual Congress (Ashburn, VA: National Recreation and Park Association, 2014), 154–156, .

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Weir, “Never a Dull Moment.”

Eastwood et al., “The Unengaged Mind.”

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National Institute of Mental Health, “Any Anxiety Disorder Among Adults,” ; A. V. Horwitz and J. C. Wakefield, All We Have to Fear: Psychiatry’s Transformation of Natural Anxieties into Mental Disorders (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012).

L. D. Rosen, K. Whaling, S. Rab, L. M. Carrier, and N. A. Cheever, “Is Facebook Creating ‘iDisorders’? The Link between Clinical Symptoms of Psychiatric Disorders and Technology Use, Attitudes, and Anxiety,” Computers in Human Behavior 29 (2013): 1243–1254.

C. Taylor, “For Millennials, Social Media Is not All Fun and Games,” Gigaom.com, April 29, 2011, ; A. K. Przybylski, K. Murayama, C. R. DeHaan, and V. Gladwell, “Motivational, Emotional, and Behavioral Correlates of Fear of Missing Out,” Computers in Human Behavior 29, no. 4 (2013): 1841–1848.

Przybylski et al., “Motivational, Emotional, and Behavioral Correlates.”

J. Loechner, “Fear of Missing Out Drives Social Media Use,” Mediapost.com, August 7, 2012, .

Jeff Tingsley, quoted in N. Smith, “Social Media ‘Addiction’ Is Marketer’s Best Friend,” Business News Daily, August 1, 2012, .

Rosen et al., “Is Facebook Creating ‘iDisorders’?”

“Nomophobia, the Fear of Not Having a Mobile Phone, Hits Record Numbers,” Australian, June 2, 2013, .

S. A. Kelly, “Are You Afraid of Mobile Phone Separation?” Mashable.com, July 13, 2012, .

S. A. Kelly, “Afraid of Losing Your Phone? You May Have Nomophobia Like Half the Population,” Mashable.com, February 21, 2012, .

N. A. Cheever, L. D. Rosen, L. M. Carrier, and A. Chavez, “Out of Sight Is Not Out of Mind: The Impact of Restricting Wireless Mobile Device Use on Anxiety among Low, Moderate, and High Users,” Computers in Human Behavior 37 (2014): 290–297.

R. B. Clayton, G. Leshner, and A. Almond, “The Extended iSelf: The Impact of iPhone Separation on Cognition, Emotion, and Physiology,” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 20, no. 2 (2015): 119–135.

A. Lepp, J. E. Barkley, and A. C. Karpinski, “The Relationship between Cell Phone Use, Academic Performance, Anxiety, and Satisfaction with Life in College Students,” Computers in Human Behavior 31 (2014): 343–350; S. Thomee, M. Eklof, E. Gustafsson, R. Nilsson, and M. Hagberg, “Prevalence of Perceived Stress, Symptoms of Depression, and Sleep Disturbances in Relation to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Use among Young Adults – An Explorative Prospective Study,” Computers in Human Behavior, 23, no. 3 (2007): 1300–1321.

J. Bennett, “Bubbles Carry a Lot of Weight: Texting Anxiety Caused by Little Bubbles,” New York Times, August 29, 2014, .

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D. Sanbonmatsu, D. Strayer, and N. Medeiros-Ward, “Who Multi-Tasks and Why? Multi-Tasking Ability, Perceived Multi-Tasking Ability, Impulsivity, and Sensation Seeking,” PLoS ONE 8, no. 1 (2013): e54402.

E. Ophir, C. Nass, and A. D. Wagner, “Cognitive Control in Media Multitaskers,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106 (2009): 15583–15587.

J. R. Finley, A. S. Benjamin, and J. S. McCarley, “Metacognition of Multitasking: How Well Do We Predict the Costs of Divided Attention?” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (February 3, 2014), advance online publication, .

W. J. Horrey and M. F. Lesch, “Driver-Initiated Distractions: Examining Strategic Adaptation for In-Vehicle Task Initiation,” Accident Analysis and Prevention 41 (2009): 115–122.

S. T. Iqbal and E. Horvitz, “Disruption and Recovery of Computing Tasks: Field Study, Analysis, and Directions,” in Proceedings of CHI 2007 (New York: ACM Press, 2007), 677–686.

Finley, Benjamin, and McCarley, “Metacognition of Multitasking.”

Лучшим в своем роде (лат.) – прим. перев.

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О связи между когнитивным контролем и академической успеваемостью см. J. A. Welsh, R. L. Nix, C. Blair, K. L. Bierman, and K. E. Nelson, “The Development of Cognitive Skills and Gains in Academic School Readiness for Children from Low-Income Families,” Journal of Educational Psychology 102, no. 1 (2010), 43–53; C. Blair and R. P. Razza, “Relating Effortful Control, Executive Function, and False Belief Understanding to Emerging Math and Literacy Ability in Kindergarten,” Child Development 78, no. 2 (2007): 647–663; L. Visu-Petra, L. Cheie, O. Benga, and M. Miclea, “Cognitive Control Goes to School: The Impact of Executive Functions on Academic Performance,” Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 11 (2011): 240–244.

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E. Peters, D. P. Baker, N. F. Dieckmann, J. Leon, and J. Collins, “Explaining the Effect of Education on Health: A Field Study in Ghana,” Psychological Science 21, no. 10 (2010): 1369–1376; D. P. Baker, D. Salinas, and P. J. Eslinger, “An Envisioned Bridge: Schooling as a Neurocognitive Developmental Institution,” Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience 2 (2012): S6–S17.

A. Diamond, W. S. Barnett, J. Thomas, and S. Munro, “Preschool Program Improves Cognitive Control,” Science 318, no. 5855 (2007): 1387–1388.

A. R. Luria, The Higher Cortical Functions in Man (New York: Basic Books, 1966); L. S. Vygotsky, Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978).

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A. Chiesa, R. Calati, and A. Serretti, “Does Mindfulness Training Improve Cognitive Abilities? A Systematic Review of Neuropsychological Findings,” Clinical Psychology Review 31, no. 3 (2011): 449–464; H. A. Slagter, R. J. Davidson, and A. Lutz, “Mental Training as a Tool in the Neuroscientific Study of Brain and Cognitive Plasticity,” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 5 (2011): 17.

A. P. Jha, J. Krompinger, and M. J. Baime, “Mindfulness Training Modifies Subsystems of Attention,” Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience 7, no. 2 (2007): 109–119.

K. A. MacLean, E. Ferrer, S. R. Aichele, D. A. Bridwell, A. P. Zanesco, T. L. Jacobs, et al., “Intensive Meditation Training Improves Perceptual Discrimination and Sustained Attention,” Psychological science 21, no. 6 (2010): 829–839. A. Lutz, H. A. Slagter, N. B. Rawlings, A. D. Francis, L. L. Greischar, and R. J. Davidson, “Mental Training Enhances Attentional Stability: Neural and Behavioral Evidence,” Journal of Neuroscience 29, no. 42 (2009): 13418–13427; H. A. Slagter, A. Lutz, L. L. Greischar, S. Nieuwenhuis, and R. J. Davidson, “Theta Phase Synchrony and Conscious Target Perception: Impact of Intensive Mental Training,” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, no. 8 (2009): 1536–1549; H. A. Slagter, A. Lutz, L. L. Greischar, A. D. Francis, S. Nieuwenhuis, J. M. Davis, and R. J. Davidson, “Mental Training Affects Distribution of Limited Brain Resources,” PLoS Biology 5, no. 6 (2007): e138; M. D. Mrazek, M. S. Franklin, D. T. Phillips, B. Baird, and J. W. Schooler, “Mindfulness Training Improves Working Memory Capacity and GRE Performance While Reducing Mind Wandering,” Psychological Science 24, no. 5 (2013): 776–781; A. P. Jha, E. A. Stanley, A. Kiyonaga, L. Wong, and L. Gelfand, “Examining the Protective Effects of Mindfulness Training on Working Memory Capacity and Affective Experience,” Emotion 10, no. 1 (2010): 54–64.

M. D. Mrazek, M. S Franklin, D. T. Phillips, B. Baird, and J. W. Schooler, “Mindfulness Training Improves Working Memory Capacity and GRE Performance While Reducing Mind Wandering,” Psychological Science 24, no. 5 (2013): 776–781.

A. Lampit, H. Hallock, and M. Valenzuela, “Computerized Cognitive Training in Cognitively Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Effect Modifiers,” PLoS Medicine 11, no. 11 (2014): e1001756; M. E. Kelly, D. Loughrey, B. A. Lawlor, I. H. Robertson, C. Walsh, and S Brennan, “The Impact of Cognitive Training and Mental Stimulation on Cognitive and Everyday Functioning of Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” Aging Research Reviews 15 (2014): 28–43.

K. Ball, D. B. Berch, K. F. Helmers, J. B. Jobe, M. D. Leveck, M. Marsiske, et al., “Effects of Cognitive Training Interventions with Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” JAMA 288, no. 18 (2002): 2271–2281.

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J. Mishra, E. de Villers-Sidani, M. Merzenich, and A. Gazzaley, “Adaptive Training Diminishes Distractibility in Aging across Species,” Neuron 84, no. 5 (2014): 1091–1103.

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NeuroRacer game development team: Eric Johnston, Dmitri Ellingson, Matt Omernick from LucasArts, and game designer Noah Fahlstein.

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Многие из перечисленных препаратов запрещены в России. В любом случае, употребление каких-либо препаратов, влияющих на состояние мозга, без предписания врача опасно (прим. науч. ред.).

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