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157

A. F. Pettersson, E. Olsson, and L. O. Wahlund, “Effect of Divided Attention on Gait in Subjects With and Without Cognitive Impairment,” Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 20, no. 1 (2007): 58–62.

158

R. Camicioli, D. Howieson, S. Lehman, and J. Kaye, “Talking While Walking: The Effect of a Dual Task in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease,” Neurology 48, no. 4 (1997): 955–958.

159

F. Hamilton, L. Rochester, L. Paul, D. Rafferty, C. P. O’Leary, and J. J. Evans, “Walking and Talking: An Investigation of Cognitive – Motor Dual Tasking in Multiple Sclerosis,” Multiple Sclerosis 15, no. 10 (2009): 1215–1227; G. Yogev, N. Giladi, C. Peretz, S. Springer, E. S. Simon, and J. M. Hausdorff, “Dual Tasking, Gait Rhythmicity, and Parkinson’s Disease: Which Aspects of Gait Are Attention Demanding?” European Journal of Neuroscience 22, no. 5 (2005): 1248–1256.

160

A. Toffler, Future Shock (New York: Random House, 1970).

161

A. Toffler, The Third Wave (New York: William Morrow, 1980).

162

Автор подразумевает фильм «Вам письмо» 1998 года, с Томом Хэнксом и Мэг Райан в главных ролях. (прим. пер.).

163

Доктор Розен первоначально обсуждал эту концепцию в книге Rewired: Understanding the iGeneration and the WayThey Learn (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010).

164

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165

См. .

166

B. Sparrow, J. Liu, and D. M. Wegner, “Google Effects on Memory: Cognitive Consequences of Having Information at Our Fingertips,” Science 333, no. 6043 (2011): 776–778.

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169

Pew Research Center, U.S. Smartphone Use in 2015, retrieved on March 2, 2016, from .

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174

C. Marci, “A (Biometric) Day in the Life: Engaging across Media,” paper presented at Re: Think 2012, New York, March 28, 2012.

175

E. Rose, “Continuous Partial Attention: Reconsidering the Role of Online Learning in the Age of Interruption,” Educational Technology Magazine: The Magazine for Managers of Change in Education 50, no. 4 (2010): 41–46.

176

L. D. Rosen, L. M. Carrier, and N.A. Cheever, “Facebook and Texting Made Me Do It: Media-Induced Task Switching While Studying,” Computers in Human Behavior 29, no. 3 (2013): 948–958.

177

V. M. Gonzalez and G. Mark, “Constant, Constant, Multitasking Craziness: Managing Multiple Working Spheres,” in Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New York: ACM Press, 2004), 113–120.

178

H. A. M. Voorveld and M. van der Goot, “Age Differences in Media Multitasking: A Diary Study,” Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 57, no. 3 (2013): 392–408.

179

L. M. Carrier, N. A. Cheever, L. D. Rosen, S. Benitez, and J. Chang, “Multitasking across Generations: Multitasking Choices and Difficulty Ratings in Three Generations of Americans,” Computers in Human Behavior 25 (2009): 483–489.

180

MarketingCharts, “College Students Own an Average of 7 Tech Devices,” June 18, 2013, .

181

J. Nielsen, “F-shaped Pattern for Reading Web Content,” April 17, 2006, .

182

S. S. Krishnan and R. K. Sitaraman, “Video Stream Quality Impacts Viewer Behavior: Inferring Causality Using Quasi-experimental Designs,” IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON) 21, no. 6 (2013): 2001–2014.

183

Jupiter Research, Retail Web Site Performance, June 2006, .

184

S. Lohr, “For Impatient Web Users, an Eye Blink Is Just Too Long to Wait,” New York Times, February 29, 2012, .

185

J. Wajcman and E. Rose, “Constant Connectivity: Rethinking Interruptions at Work,” Organizational Studies 32, no. 7 (2011): 941–961.

186

S. T. Iqbal and E. Horvitz, “Disruption and Recovery of Computing Tasks: Field Study, Analysis, and Directions,” CHI 2007: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New York: ACM Press, 2007), .

187

S. Charman-Anderson, “Breaking the Email Compulsion,” Guardian, August 27, 2008, .

188

L. Marulanda-Carter and T. W. Jackson, “Effects of E-mail Addiction and Interruptions on Employees,” Journal of Systems and Information Technology 14, no. 1 (2012): 82–94; T. Jackson, R. Dawson, and D. Wilson, “Case Study: Evaluating the Effect of Email Interruptions within the Workplace,” in Proceedings of EASE 2002: 6th International Conference on Empirical Assessment and Evaluation in Software Engineering, .

189

M. Hair, K. V. Renaud, and J. Ramsay, “The Influence of Self-Esteem and Locus of Control on Perceived Email-related Stress,” Computers in Human Behavior 23, no. 6 (2007): 2791–2803; K. Renaud, J. Ramsay, and M. Hair, “‘You’ve Got E-Mail!’ … Shall I Deal with It Now? Electronic Mail from the Recipient’s Perspective,” International Journal of Human – Computer Interaction 21, no. 3 (2007): 313–332.

190

MarketingCharts, “College Students Own an Average of 7 Tech Devices.”

191

R. Hammer, M. Ronen, A. Sharon, T. Lankry, Y. Huberman, and V. Zamtsov, “Mobile Culture in College Lectures: Instructors’ and Students’ Perspectives,” Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Learning and Learning Objects 6 (2010): 293–304; D. R. Tindell and R. W. Bohlander, “The Use and Abuse of Cell Phones and Text Messaging in the Classroom: A Survey of College Students,” College Teaching 60, no. 1 (2012): 1–9.

192

T. Judd, “Making Sense of Multitasking: Key Behaviors,” Computers and Education 63 (2013): 358–367.

193

C. Calderwood, P. L. Ackerman, and E. M. Conklin, “What Else Do College Students ‘Do’ While Studying? An Investigation of Multitasking,” Computers and Education 75 (2014): 19–29.

194

Z. Wang and J. M. Tchernev, “The Myth of Media Multitasking: Reciprocal Dynamics of Media Multitasking, Personal Needs, and Gratifications,” Journal of Communication 62, no. 3 (2012): 493–513.

195

Z. Wang, quoted in R. Nauert, “Multitasking Seems to Serve Emotional, not Productivity Needs,” PsychCentral, May 1, 2012, .

196

L. D. Rosen, L. M. Carrier, and N. A. Cheever, “Facebook and Texting Made Me Do It: Media-Induced Task-Switching While Studying,” Computers in Human Behavior 29, no. 3 (2013): 948–958.

197

Carrier et al., “Causes, Effects, and Practicalities.”

198

Carrier et al., “Multitasking across Generations.”

199

Carrier et al., “Multitasking across Generations.”

200

MarketingCharts, “TV Viewers and (Un)related Multi-Screening Activity: Screen Size May Count,” July 29, 2013, .

201

A. van Cauwenberge, G. Schaap, and R. van Roy, “TV No Longer Commands Our Full Attention: Effects of Second-Screen Viewing and Task Relevance on Cognitive Load and Learning from News,” Computers in Human Behavior, 38 (2014): 100–109.

202

S. A. Basel and J. Gips, “Media Multitasking Behavior: Concurrent Television and Computer Usage,” CyberPsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 14, no. 9 (2011): 527–534.

203

J. Fitzgerald, “How Multi-Screen Consumers Are Changing Media Dynamics,” August 28, 2012, .

204

MarketingCharts, “4 in 5 Americans Multitask While Watching TV,” March 22, 2013, .

205

L. Ridley, “People Swap Devices 21 Times an Hour, Says OMD,” Brand Republic, January 3, 2014, .

206

H. Lindroos, “Effects of Social Presence on the Viewing Experience in a Second Screen Environment” (master’s thesis, Aalto University, 2014), .

207

S. Schieman and M. Young, “Who Engages in Work – Family Multitasking? A Study of Canadian and American Workers,” Social Indicators Research 120, no. 3 (2015): 741–767, .

208

M. Gorges, “90 Percent of Young People Wake Up with Their Smartphones,” December 21, 2012, .

209

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210

MarketingCharts, “8 in 10 Smart Device Owners Use Them ‘All the Time’ on Vacation,” April 25, 2013, .

211

Iqbal and Horvitz, “Disruption and Recovery of Computing Tasks.”

212

L. D. Rosen, L. M. Carrier, and N. A. Cheever, “Facebook and Texting Made Me Do It: Media-Induced Task Switching While Studying,” Computers in Human Behavior 29, no. 3 (2013): 948–958.

213

L. L. Bowman, L. E. Levine, B. M. Waite, and M. Gendron, “Can Students Really Multitask? An Experimental Study of Instant Messaging While Reading,” Computers and Education 54 (2010): 927–931.

214

D. Prabu, J.-H. Kim, J. S. Brickman, W. Ran, and C. M. Curtis, “Mobile Phone Distraction While Studying,” New Media and Society (2014), .

215

Превосходное резюме о влиянии различных медийных устройств на академическую успеваемость, см. T. Judd, “Making Sense of Multitasking: The Role of Facebook,” Computers and Education 70 (2014): 194–202.

216

G. Mark, Y. Wang, and M. Niiya, “Stress and Multitasking in Everyday College Life: An Empirical Study of Online Activity,” in CHI 2014, 41–50; L. E. Levine, B. M. Waite, and L. L. Bowman, “Electronic Media Use, Reading, and Academic Distractibility in College Youth,” CyberPsychology and Behavior 10, no. 4 (2007): 560–566; Bowman et al., “Can Students Really Multitask?”

217

L. M. Carrier, L. D. Rosen, N. A. Cheever, and A. F. Lim, “Causes, Effects, and Practicalities of Everyday Multitasking,” Developmental Review 35 (2015): 64–78.

218

E. Wood, L. Zivcakova, P. Gentile, K. Archer, D. De Pasquale, and A. Nosko, “Examining the Impact of Off-Task Multi-Tasking with Technology on Real-Time Classroom Learning,” Computers and Education 58, no. 1 (2012): 365–374.

219

J. H. Kuznekoff and S. Titsworth, “The Impact of Mobile Phone Usage on Student Learning,” Communication Education 62, no. 3 (2013): 233–252.

220

D. E. Clayson and D. A. Haley, “An Introduction to Multitasking and Texting Prevalence and Impact on Grades and GPA in Marketing Classes,” Journal of Marketing Education 35, no. 1 (2013): 26–40; Clayson and Haley, “An Introduction to Multitasking and Texting Prevalence”; L. Burak, “Multitasking in the University Classroom,” International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 6, no. 2 (2012), ; A. Lepp, J. E. Barkley, and A. C. Karpinski, “The Relationship between Cell Phone Use, Academic Performance, Anxiety, and Satisfaction with Life in College Students,” Computers in Human Behavior 31 (2014): 343–350; R. Junco and S. R. Cotten, “No A 4 U: The Relationship between Multitasking and Academic Performance,” Computers and Education 59, no. 2 (2012): 505–514.

221

L. D. Rosen, A. F. Lim, L. M. Carrier, and N. A. Cheever, “An Empirical Examination of the Educational Impact of Text Message-Induced Task Switching in the Classroom: Educational Implications and Strategies to Enhance Learning,” Psicologia Educativa 17, no. 2 (2011): 163–177.

222

A. D. Froese, C. N. Carpenter, D. A. Inman, J. R. Schooley, R. B. Barnes, P. W. Brecht, and J. D. Chacon, “Effects of Classroom Cell Phone Use on Expected and Actual Learning,” College Student Journal 46, no. 2 (2012): 323–332.

223

Lepp, Barkley, and Karpinski, “The Relationship between Cell Phone Use, Academic Performance, Anxiety, and Satisfaction.”

224

M. Kalpidou, D. Costin, and J. Morris, “The Relationship between Facebook and the Well-Being of Undergraduate College Students,” Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 14, no. 4 (2011): 183–189.

225

Burak, “Multitasking in the University Classroom.”

226

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227

I. E. Hyman, S. M. Boss, B. M. Wise, K. E. McKenzie, and J. M. Caggiano, “Did You See the Unicycling Clown? Inattentional Blindness While Walking and Talking on a Cell Phone,” Applied Cognitive Psychology 24 (2010): 597–607.

228

CBS News, “Texting While Walking, Woman Falls into Fountain,” January 20, 2011, .

229

S. Mirsky, “Smartphone Use While Walking Is Painfully Dumb,” Scientific American 309, no. 6 (2013), November 19, .

230

C. H. Basch, D. Ethan, S. Rajan, and C. E. Basch, “Technology-Related Distracted Walking Behaviors in Manhattan’s Most Dangerous Intersections,” Injury Prevention, March 25, 2014, .

231

L. L. Thompson, F. P. Rivara, R. C. Ayyagari, and B. E. Ebel, “Impact of Social and Technological Distraction on Pedestrian Crossing Behavior: An Observational Study,” Injury Prevention 19, no. 4 (2013): 232–237.

232

N. D. Parr, C. J. Hass, and M. D. Tillman, “Cellular Phone Texting Impairs Gait in Able-Bodied Young Adults,” Journal of Applied Biomechanics 30, no. 6 (2014): 685–688.

233

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234

D. C. Schwebel, D. Stavrinos, K. W. Byington, T. Davis, E. E. O’Neal, and D. de Jong, “Distraction and Pedestrian Safety: How Talking on the Phone, Texting, and Listening to Music Impact Crossing the Street,” Accident Analysis and Prevention 45 (2012): 266–271.

235

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238

D. L. Strayer, F. A. Drews, and D. J. Crouch, “A Comparison of the Cell Phone Driver and the Drunk Driver,” HFES 48, no. 2 (2006): 381–391, .

239

D. L. Strayer, J. M. Watson, and F. A. Drews, “Cognitive Distraction While Multitasking in the Automobile,” Psychology of Learning and Motivation-Advances in Research and Theory 54 (2011): 29.

240

D. L. Strayer and F. A. Drews, “Cell-Phone-Induced Driver Distraction,” Current Directions in Psychological Science 16, no. 3 (2007): 128–131.

241

J. M. Cooper, H. Ingebretsen, and D. L. Strayer, “Mental Workload of Common Voice-Based Vehicle Interactions across Six Different Vehicle Systems” (2014), .

242

F. A. Drews, M. Pasupathi, and D. L. Strayer, “Passenger and Cell Phone Conversations in Simulated Driving,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 14, no. 4 (2008): 392.

243

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244

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245

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246

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247

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248

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249

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251

A. Haapakangas, V. Hongisto, J. Hyona, J. Kokko, and J. Keranen, “Effects of Unattended Speech on Performance and Subjective Distraction: The Role of Acoustic Design in Open-Plan Offices,” Applied Acoustics 86 (2014): 1–16.

252

A. Seddigh, E. Berntson, C. B. Danielson, and H. Westerlund, “Concentration Requirements Modify the Effect of Office Type on Indicators of Health and Performance,” Journal of Environmental Psychology 38 (2014): 167–174.

253

A. Shafaghat, A. Keyvanfar, H. Lamit, S. A. Mousavi, and M. Z. A. Majid, “Open Plan Office Design Features Affecting Staff’s Health and Well-Being Status,” Jurnal Teknologi 70, no. 7 (2014): 83–88.

254

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255

S. Turkle, Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other (New York: Basic Books, 2011).

256

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257

A. K. Przybylski and N. Weinstein, “Can You Connect with Me Now? How the Presence of Mobile Communication Technology Influences Face-to-Face Conversation Quality,” Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 30, no. 3 (2013): 237–246.

258

S. Misra, L. Cheng, J. Genevie, and M. Yuan, “The iPhone Effect: The Quality of In-Person Social Interactions in the Presence of Mobile Devices,” Environment and Behavior 48, no. 2 (2016): 275–298.

259

B. Thornton, A. Faires, M. Robbins, and E. Rollins, “The Mere Presence of a Cell Phone May Be Distracting: Implications for Attention and Task Performance,” Social Psychology 45 (2014): 479–488.

260

M. Drouin, D. H. Kaiser, and D. A. Miller, “Phantom Vibrations among Undergraduates: Prevalence and Associated Psychological Characteristics,” Computers in Human Behavior 28 (2012): 1490–1496; M. B. Rothberg, A. Arora, J. Hermann, P. St. Marie, and P. Visintainer, “Phantom Vibration Syndrome among Medical Staff: A Cross Sectional Survey,” British Medical Journal 341, no. 12 (2010): 6914.

261

L. D. Rosen, K. Whaling, S. Rab, L. M. Carrier, and N. A. Cheever, “Is Facebook Creating ‘iDisorders’? The Link between Clinical Symptoms of Psychiatric Disorders and Technology Use, Attitudes, and Anxiety,” Computers in Human Behavior 29, no. 3 (2013): 1243–1254.

262

N. A. Cheever, L. D. Rosen, L. M. Carrier, and A. Chavez, “Out of Sight Is not Out of Mind: The Impact of Restricting Wireless Mobile Device Use on Anxiety Levels among Low, Moderate, and High Users,” Computers in Human Behavior 37 (2014): 290–297.

263

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264

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265

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266

S. K. Adams and T. S. Kisler, “Sleep Quality as a Mediator between Technology-Related Sleep Quality, Depression, and Anxiety,” CyberPsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 16, no. 1 (2013): 25–30.

267

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268

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270

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272

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273

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L. M. Carrier, N. A. Cheever, L. D. Rosen, S. Benitez, and J. Chang, “Multitasking across Generations: Multitasking Choices and Difficulty Ratings in Three Generations of Americans,” Computers in Human Behavior 25, no. 2 (2009): 483–489.

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