index

Numbers

/8 address block

8 position 8 contact (8P8C) connector

10/100/1000 interfaces

10/100 interfaces

10GBASE-T

/16 address block

/24 prefix length

/24+ subnet masks

/24+ subnets, calculating five attributes of

802.1s standard

1000BASE-T

Symbols

--More-- prompt

A

ABR (area border router) ,

access-list command , ,

access port ,

ACEs (access control entries) ,

deleting

resequencing

ACLs (access control lists) See also extended access control lists (ACLs)

applying

editing –

standard

AD (administrative distance) , ,

add keyword (VLAN) ,

address blocks

subnetting /8 address blocks

subnetting /16 address blocks

subnetting /24 address blocks

address configuration –

manually assigning IPv6 addresses –

Modified EUI-64 –

adjacency (OSPF)

adjacent-layer interaction

administrative mode (switch port) ,

advanced distance-vector protocol

alternate role (RSTP)

anycast addresses

anycast keyword

any keyword (ACL) ,

Application Layer

area 0 (OSPF)

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) – , ,

ARP reply ,

ARP request ,

AS (autonomous system) ,

ASBR (autonomous system boundary router)

auto-cost reference-bandwidth command

auto-cost reference-bandwidth mbps command

auto keyword

Auto MDI-X

auto mode (PAgP) ,

autonegotiation process , –

AVF (Active Virtual Forwarders) ,

AVG (Active Virtual Gateway) ,

B

backbone area ,

backbone router

backup role (RSTP) –

bandwidth

bandwidth command

bandwidth kbps command

base 2

base 10

BDR (backup designated router) , ,

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) ,

BIA (burned-in address)

BID (bridge identifier)

binary digit

Binary Game, Cisco Learning Network

binary number system , – ,

converting binary numbers to decimal

converting decimal numbers to binary –

bits and bytes

blocking state (STP)

bootpc keyword

bootps keyword

BPDUs (Bridge Protocol Data Units) ,

bps (bits per second)

bridge priority

broadcast

address

domain ,

frame

storm

BUM (broadcast, unknown unicast, and multicast) traffic

C

cables

copper UTP connections

1000BASE-T and 10GBASE-T

Auto MDI-X

IEEE 802.3 standards

straight-through and crossover cables –

CAM table (content addressable memory)

carrier-sense

Cat 5 (Category 5)

CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) certification

domains of

exam format

overview of –

reasons for getting certified

scheduling and taking exam

structure of book

study plan –

CDN (Content Delivery Network)

CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol)

channel-group command , ,

checksum

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) ,

CIDR notation

Cisco Modeling Labs (CML)

classful addressing

classful networks

classless networking

clear ip ospf process command , , ,

clear mac address-table dynamic command ,

CLI (Cisco IOS command-line interface) ,

configuration files

navigating –

context-sensitive help –

EXEC modes

global configuration mode

keyboard shortcuts

password-protecting privileged EXEC mode –

shells –

accessing CLI of Cisco devices –

GUI and CLI

overview of

clients –

client socket

clock

CML (Cisco Modeling Labs) ,

cold standby

collision detection

collision domain

collisions

computer terminal

Configuration Revision number

configure terminal command , ,

connected routes , –

connections, TCP

console port ,

context-sensitive help – ,

auto-completing commands

viewing available commands

copper UTP connections –

IEEE 802.3 standards

straight-through and crossover cables –

copy running-config startup-config command ,

CRC (cyclic redundancy check) , , ,

crossover cable – ,

CSMA/CD (carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection) ,

D

DAD (Duplicate Address Detection) ,

datagrams –

Data Link Layer

data overhead

data sequencing

data streams

DBD (database description) messages

dead timer (OSPF)

decimal number system ,

converting binary numbers to decimal

converting decimal numbers to binary –

default gateway

default-information originate command , ,

default route, configuring –

default routes

default VLAN ,

DEI (Drop Eligible Indicator)

delay

description command , ,

designated bridge

designated port selection –

port on switch with lowest bridge ID

port on switch with lowest root cost

desirable mode (PAgP) ,

destination

MAC addresses

Destination Address field

destination argument (ACL) , ,

DF (Don’t Fragment) bit

D flag

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) , ,

Dijkstra’s algorithm ,

directly connected static route , –

dir flash command

disable command ,

discarding state (RSTP)

distance-vector protocols

DNS (Domain Name System) , ,

do command

dot1q protocol

dotted decimal notation ,

DR (designated router) , ,

DROthers ,

DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point)

field

DTP (Dynamic Trunking Protocol) , –

disabling –

negotiation –

DUAL (Diffusing Update Algorithm)

duplex

auto setting

command

full setting

half setting

mismatch

dynamic

auto mode (DTP) , ,

desirable mode (DTP) , ,

MAC addresses ,

ports

dynamic routing ,

network command –

protocols

route selection –

ECMP (equal-cost multi-path) routing

examples –

floating static routes

metric parameter –

packet forwarding –

routing table population

scalability

types of routing protocols –

distance-vector protocols

EGPs

IGPs –

link-state protocols

vs. static routing –

E

ECMP (equal-cost multi-path) routing , ,

ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification)

field

edge link

editing ACLs –

deleting ACEs

resequencing ACEs

EGPs (Exterior Gateway Protocols) , ,

egress

EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance)

EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) , , , ,

EMI (electromagnetic interference)

enable command , , , ,

enable password –

enable secret

encapsulation dot1q command , , , ,

end command ,

end host

sending packets from –

ephemeral ports

erase nvram command

erase startup-config command

error-disabled state

errors

interface errors –

duplex mismatches

speed mismatches

EtherChannel

configuration –

Layer 3 –

load balancing –

overview of –

Ethernet

header and trailer –

destination and source

Frame Check Sequence

hexadecimal number system

MAC addresses

Preamble and SFD

Type/Length field

Ethernet cables ,

Ethernet LAN switching

frame switching –

frame flooding and forwarding –

MAC address learning –

MAC address table in Cisco IOS

EtherType

field

EUI-64 (Extended Unique Identifier 64)

eui-64 keyword

except keyword

EXEC modes

exit command ,

exit interface, specifying static routes –

extended access control lists (ACLs) . See also ACLs (access control lists)

configuring –

matching protocol, source, and destination –

matching TCP/UDP port numbers –

example security requirements –

extended-range VLANs ,

Extended System ID

external connectivity, using routed ports for

external routes ,

F

factory-default configuration

FCS (Frame Check Sequence) , ,

FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) ,

FHRPs (First Hop Redundancy Protocols) ,

comparing –

GLBP

HSRP –

VRRP

concepts –

failover

neighbor relationships

redundant default gateways

configuring –

fiber-optic connections –

anatomy of cables

UTP vs.

firewalls –

first and last usable addresses – ,

five-layer TCP/IP model

five-tuple

Flags field

flap

floating static routes , , – ,

flooded frames

flow

flow control

Flow Label field

FLSM (fixed-length subnet mask) ,

scenarios

forward delay timer

forwarding state (STP) ,

four-layer TCP/IP model

four-way handshake

Fragment Offset field

Frame Check Sequence

frames

ARP –

switching –

frame flooding and forwarding –

MAC address learning –

MAC address table in Cisco IOS

full duplex

fully adjacent neighbors (OSPF)

fully specified static routes ,

G

GARP (gratuitous ARP) ,

Gateway of last resort

giants

GLBP (Gateway Load Balancing Protocol) , ,

global configuration mode ,

global ID

global routing prefix

global unicast addresses

group-number value

GUI (graphical user interface) ,

H

half duplex

hashing

headers , –

destination and source

Frame Check Sequence

hexadecimal number system

MAC addresses

Type/Length field

Header Checksum field

hello timer ,

hexadecimal number system

hexadectet term

hextet term

home routers

host-based firewalls

hostname command , ,

hostnames

host portion

host routes ,

HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) , – ,

configuring –

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) ,

hubs

I

IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) ,

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) ,

ICMPv6 message types

Identification field

IEEE 802.1D standard

IEEE 802.1Q protocol

IEEE 802.1Q tag

IEEE 802.1w standard

IEEE 802.3 standards

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)

IGPs (Interior Gateway Protocols) – , ,

distance-vector protocols

link-state protocols

IHL (Internet Header Length) field ,

implicit deny

INCMP (incomplete) entry

informal names

input errors

inter-area routes ,

interface command , , , ,

interface errors –

duplex mismatches

speed mismatches

interface range command ,

interfaces ,

configuring –

collision domains

CSMA/CD

Ethernet hubs

interface descriptions

interface duplex –

interface speed

interface vlan command

interior gateway protocol (IGP)

Internal Protocol standard

internal router

Internet Standards

inter-VLAN routing ,

intra-area routes ,

ip access-group command

ip access-list extended command

ip access-list resequence command ,

ip access-list standard command ,

ip address command

ipconfig command

IP (Internet Protocol)

addresses

ip mtu bytes command

ip ospf authentication command

ip ospf authentication-key command

ip ospf cost command

ip ospf dead-interval command

ip ospf hello-interval command

ip ospf network point-to-point command ,

ip ospf priority command ,

ip ospf process-id area area command ,

ip route command

ip routing command ,

IPv4 addressing ,

address classes –

attributes of IPv4 network −

availability of addresses

binary number system –

configuring IPv4 addresses on routers –

header –

structure of IPv4 address –

subnetting

defined

FLSM scenarios ,

IPv4 and IPv6 routing

IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) ,

ipv6 address link-local command

ipv6 address autoconfig command , ,

ipv6 address autoconfig default command

ipv6 address command , ,

IPv6 addressing , , –

abbreviating addresses –

address structure

address types –

anycast addresses

global unicast

link-local

multicast –

other reserved addresses

unique local

header

hexadecimal

identifying prefixes

ipv6 address prefix eui-64 command

IPv6 adoption

ipv6 enable command

IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6)

address configuration –

NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol) –

neighbor table

routing

routing tables –

static routing –

ipv6 route command

IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) ,

ISL (Inter-Switch Link)

ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

ISP (Internet Service Provider)

K

keyboard shortcuts

known unicast frames ,

L

LAA (Locally Administered Address)

labbing

lab switch

LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) , –

LANs (local area networks) , , ,

Ethernet LAN switching

ARP –

destination and source

Ethernet header and trailer –

Frame Check Sequence

MAC addresses

Preamble and SFD

Type/Length field

last usable address

late collision

Layer 1 segment

Layer 2

domain ,

segment

segmentation with VLANs

switch

Layer 3

EtherChannel –

loop

segment

segmentation with subnets

switch ,

Layer 4 –

port numbers –

session multiplexing

Layer 8

layers

leading zeros

learning state (STP)

least-significant bit

link-local

link-local addresses , ,

link-local next hops –

link-state protocols

LLC (Logical Link Control) header

load balancing and distribution

local routes , –

long costs (RSTP)

loopback

loopback addresses , ,

loopback interfaces

LSAck (link-state acknowledgment) messages

LSAs (link-state advertisements) ,

LSDB (link-state database) , – ,

LSR (link-state request) messages

LSU (link-state update) messages

M

MAC (media access control) addresses ,

aging ,

flapping

learning –

table

tables in Cisco IOS

magic number method

managed switch

master router

matching, packets –

max age timer

maximum number of hosts

maximum-paths command

MD5 (Message Digest 5) ,

mesh

metric parameter –

ECMP (equal-cost multi-path) routing

floating static routes

MF (More Fragments) bit

MMF (multimode fiber)

models, OSI reference model

Modified EUI-64 –

modifying, lists of allowed VLANs –

most-significant bit

most specific matching route , , ,

MSTP (Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol) ,

MTU (maximum transmission unit)

multicast addresses –

multicast messages

multilayer switching

inter-VLAN routing via SVIs

using routed ports for external connectivity

multiple access

My BID field

N

name command (VLAN) ,

named ACLs –

NA (Neighbor Advertisement) , ,

native VLANs ,

disabling

mismatch

NAT (network address translation)

NDAs (nondisclosure agreements)

NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol) – ,

address resolution with –

duplicate address detection

router discovery with

solicited-node multicast

neighbor relationships (FHRP)

neighbors and adjacencies (OSPF)

netmasks ,

network

network address

network command , – ,

network devices – 20

types of –

clients –

firewalls

routers

servers –

switches

networking

conceptual models of

OSI reference model

Network Layer

network portion ,

network route

networks

defined

standards

network segmentation

network type

next hop, specifying static routes –

nibble

no command

nodes

defined

non-designated ports (STP)

normal-range VLANs ,

no service password-encryption command

no shutdown command , , , , ,

no switchport command , , ,

no vlan <vlan-id> command

NS (Neighbor Solicitation)

message ,

Null0 route

numbered ACLs –

applying

creating

number systems

binary – , –

hexadecimal

NVRAM (nonvolatile RAM) ,

O

octets ,

on mode (EtherChannel)

operational mode (DTP) ,

operator arguments (ACL) ,

Options field

OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model ,

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) , , ,

areas –

configuration –

activating OSPF on interfaces

advertising default route –

changing

loopback interfaces

passive interfaces

router ID –

cost –

modifying link cost

reference bandwidth –

foundations

link-state database –

LSA types

neighbor requirements –

neighbors and adjacencies

network types

broadcast

point-to-point

OSPFv2 (Open Shortest Path First version 2)

OSPFv3 (Open Shortest Path First version 3)

OUI (organizationally unique identifier) ,

output errors

P

packets , ,

matching and acting on –

sending from end hosts –

PAgP (Port Aggregation Protocol) –

passive interfaces – ,

passive mode (LACP) ,

passwords, protecting privileged EXEC mode –

path-vector algorithm

Payload Length field

payloads

PCP (Priority Code Point)

field

PDU (protocol data unit)

Physical Layer

ping command ,

point-to-point connections ,

point-to-point link

port-channel command

port-channel load-balance parameters command

port channels

port-channel term

port numbers , –

ports ,

copper UTP connections –

crossover cables –

IEEE 802.3 standards

straight-through and crossover cables –

port states and timers (STP) –

Preamble

preempting the DR/BDR

preemption (FHRP) ,

prefix length ,

subnets with /24 prefix length

/24+ subnet masks

calculating five attributes of /24+ subnets

primary server (VTP)

private ports

privileged EXEC mode , ,

password-protecting –

processing overhead

protocol argument (ACL) , ,

Protocol field

protocols

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), overview of

UDP (User Datagram Protocol), overview of

proxy ARP ,

public IPv4 address

PVST+ (Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus) , ,

Q

QoS (Quality of Service) , ,

quartet term

QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections)

R

RAM (random-access memory)

Rapid-PVST+ (Rapid Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus) , ,

rapid STP

RA (Router Advertisement) ,

receiver clock

recursive static routes ,

redundancy ,

redundant default gateways

reference bandwidth – ,

registered ports

reload command , , ,

reserved addresses

resilience

resources, defined

retransmission

revision number (VTP) ,

RFC 5952 (IPv6 address representation)

RID (router ID) , –

changing

loopback interfaces

ring topology

RIP (Routing Information Protocol) , ,

RIR (Regional Internet Registries)

RJ45 (Registered Jack) connector

ROAS (router on a stick) ,

configuring

configuring native VLAN with

rollover cable

root bridge election –

root cost

root port selection –

routed ports ,

router discovery

router-id command , ,

router interfaces

autonegotiation –

errors –

duplex mismatches

speed mismatches

router ospf process-id command , ,

routers

configuring IPv4 addresses on –

interfaces –

wireless routers

route selection – , ,

ECMP (equal-cost multi-path) routing

examples –

packet forwarding –

routing table population

floating static routes

metric parameter –

routing

basics of –

by rumor

connected routes

dynamic, network command –

how end hosts send packets –

local routes

loop

static –

routing protocols

types of –

routing tables , – , –

connected and local routes – , –

route selection

RS (Router Solicitation)

message

RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) , ,

link types –

STP and –

STP versions of –

RTT (round-trip time)

RU flag

running-config file ,

runts

Runts counter

S

same-layer interaction

scalability

scopes

scrypt ,

secondary servers (VTP) ,

segments , ,

sequencing ACEs

serial interfaces ,

server mode (VTP)

servers –

server socket

service password-encryption command ,

session multiplexing

SFD (Start Frame Delimiter) ,

S flag

SFP (Small Form-Factor Pluggable) transceiver

shadowed rule

shared link

shared medium

shells – ,

accessing CLI of Cisco devices –

GUI and CLI

short costs

show access-lists command , ,

show clock command , , ,

show command , , ,

show etherchannel load-balance command

show etherchannel summary command , ,

show flash command

show interfaces command , , , ,

show interfaces description command

show interfaces interface-name switchport command

show interfaces status command

show interfaces trunk command , , ,

show ip access-lists command

show ip interface brief command , , , , , , ,

show ip interface command

show ip ospf database command

show ip ospf interface brief command ,

show ip ospf interface command

show ip ospf neighbor command

show ip protocols command ,

show ip route command ,

show ip route static command

show ipv6 interface command

show ipv6 neighbors command ,

show ipv6 route command

show ipv6 route connected command

show ipv6 route static command

show lacp neighbor command

show mac address-table command ,

show pagp neighbor command ,

show running-config command ,

show running-config interface command ,

show spanning-tree command , , , , ,

show spanning-tree pathcost method command ,

show standby brief command ,

show standby command ,

show startup-config command

show vlan brief command , ,

show vtp status command ,

shutdown command , , , , , , , , ,

simplex

single point of failure

SLAAC (Stateless Address Autoconfiguration) ,

SMF (single-mode fiber)

SNAP (Subnetwork Access Protocol) extension

sockets

SOHO (small office/home office) network

solicited-node multicast –

source MAC addresses –

Source Address field

source argument (ACL) , ,

spanning tree

spanning-tree bpduguard enable command

spanning-tree link-type command ,

spanning-tree link-type point-to-point command

spanning-tree link-type shared command

spanning-tree mode command ,

spanning-tree pathcost method command ,

spanning-tree portfast bpduguard default command

spanning-tree portfast command , ,

spanning-tree vlan command , ,

speed auto command ,

speed command ,

speed-derived names

speed mismatches ,

SPF (Shortest Path First)

SSH (Secure Shell) , ,

standard ACLs (access control lists) . See also ACLs (access control lists)

applying

configuring –

example scenario

implicit deny

matching and acting on packets –

named ACLs –

numbered ACLs –

overview of –

types of

standards

standby ip

standby preempt

standby priority

standby router (FHRP) ,

standby version 2

startup-config file ,

static MAC addresses

static routing – , –

configuring –

configuring default route – ,

floating static routes –

link-local next hops –

specifying exit interface –

specifying next hop –

vs. dynamic routing –

Status column

ST (Internet Stream Protocol)

STP (shielded twisted pair) cables

STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) ,

algorithm –

BID –

BPDU Filter

comparing BIDs –

configuring bridge priority , –

how it works

Loop Guard 283 –

need for –

PortFast and BPDU Guard –

port states and timers –

Root Guard 282 – 283

RSTP and –

topology

versions of –

straight-through cables – ,

1000BASE-T and 10GBASE-T

Auto MDI-X

subnet identifier

subnet mask , , ,

subnetting , , ,

additional practice

defined

FLSM

FLSM scenarios

IPv4 networks , –

Layer 3 segmentation with

VLSM (Variable-Length Subnet Masking) –

superior BPDU

SVIs (switch virtual interfaces)

inter-VLAN routing via

switches

connecting with trunk ports –

interfaces

configuring –

descriptions

duplex –

speed

switching, Ethernet LAN switching

ARP –

destination and source

Ethernet header and trailer –

Frame Check Sequence

frame switching –

frame flooding and forwarding –

hexadecimal number system

MAC addresses , – ,

Preamble and SFD

Type/Length field

switchport access vlan command , ,

switchport mode access , , , ,

switchport mode command , , ,

switchport mode dynamic auto ,

switchport mode dynamic desirable ,

switchport mode trunk , , , , , ,

switchport nonegotiate , ,

switchport trunk encapsulation command ,

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q , ,

switchport trunk native vlan vlan-id command

system configuration dialog

T

tagged frames

tagged ports

task groups

TCI (Tag Control Information)

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) model – , –

conceptual models of networking

OSI reference model

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) , –

comparing to UDP

connections

data encapsulation and de-encapsulation –

adjacent-layer and same-layer interactions

data de-encapsulation

data encapsulation

protocol data units

data sequencing and acknowledgment

flow control

Layer 4 −

layers of –

Application Layer

Data Link Layer

Network Layer

Physical Layer

Transport Layer

overview of , –

retransmission

scenarios where TCP is preferred

scenarios where UDP is preferred

Telnet ,

terminal emulator ,

TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)

three-way handshake

TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association)

time overhead

Token Ring , ,

Total Length field ,

TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier) field ,

trailer , –

destination and source

Frame Check Sequence

hexadecimal number system

MAC addresses

Preamble and SFD

Type/Length field

trailing zeros

transit links ,

transparent mode

Transport Layer

trunk encapsulation negotiation

trunk ports ,

connecting switches with –

configuring trunk ports –

disabling native VLAN

IEEE 802.1Q tag

modifying list of allowed VLANs –

native VLAN

native VLAN mismatch

TTL (Time To Live) field , ,

Type 1 (Router LSA)

Type 2 (Network LSA)

Type 5 (AS External LSA)

type/length field

U

UAA (Universally Administered Address)

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) , –

comparing to TCP

datagrams and data streams

Layer 4 –

overview of ,

scenarios where TCP is preferred

scenarios where UDP is preferred

Transmission Control Protocol –

U/L bit (Universal/Local bit)

unicast frames ,

unique local addresses

unmanaged switch

untagged ports ,

user EXEC mode ,

user ports

UTP (unshielded twisted pair) cables ,

copper

IEEE 802.3 standards

straight-through and crossover cables –

fiber-optic connections vs.

V

vendor-neutral model

Version field

VID (VLAN Identifier) field ,

VIP (virtual IP) address

virtual MAC address

vlan command , ,

VLAN database

VLAN hopping

VLANs (virtual LANs) ,

access ports, configuring –

connecting switches with trunk ports –

inter-VLAN routing

multilayer switching , ,

reasons for –

VLSM (Variable-Length Subnet Masking) – ,

VoIP (Voice over IP)

VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) , ,

VTP domain ,

vtp domain command ,

vtp mode command ,

vtp mode off command

vtp primary command , ,

vtp version command

VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) , , –

dangers of

extended-range VLANs

modes –

primary server

synchronization –

versions –

W

WAN (Wide Area Network) ,

well-known ports

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi routers

wildcard masks , , ,

WLC (wireless LAN controller) ,

working groups

write command ,

write erase command

write memory command ,

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