Войти в систему
Войти с помощью соц. сетей:
Ex. 1. Прочтите фразы. Подумайте, какие звуки в них заключены.
buy a red cap
the tea cups
hard to cope
keep it safe
friendly cop
nice and hot
Ex. 1.1. Прочтите предложения. Подумайте, какие звуки будут на контрасте? Постарайтесь показать разницу между звуками как можно ярче. Не забывайте про линковку.
I got a white cat and a winter coat.
The bass is inside the base.
They boast often in front of the boss.
They boast often in front of the bus.
I cross the line with the strict boss.
Don't miss the bus.
Shall you go to the show in the wool shawl?
Let's go out, cuz I wanna get some air.
That’s not a note, it'a a boat!
I bet it’s a boat. What a load!
Swing the bat, be a good lad.
She bought bread, not a boat.
A secure lock? Good luck!
Ex. 1.2. Прочтите пары слов. Подумайте, какие звуки в них заключены?
know – now
lawn – lone
sleep – slip
cheap – chip
lack – lock
shot – shut
doll – dull
said – sad
pen – pan
steal – still
bought – boat
guess – gas
cap – cop
hat – hot
beat – bit
feet – fit
sheep – ship
noon – nun
boss – bus
men – man
leave – live
lend – land
hawk – hack
feel – fill
pause – pose
least – list
Ex. 1.3. Прочтите текущую пару слов и определите, какая пара звуков Вам попалась. Затем прочтите предложения и постарайтесь показать разницу между звуками с помощью акцентирования на нужном слове. Не забывайте про линковку, тут ее предостаточно!
know – now:
I know the answer to your question.
You need to leave now if you want to catch the bus.
I know we’re not late, but we have to leave now!
lawn – lone:
He mowed the lawn before the guests arrived.
A lone traveler walked through the dark forest.
The lone gardener was busy working on the lawn.
mow –> [moʊ]
leave – live:
I need to leave early.
They live in a cozy place.
I'll leave this city soon, but for now, I live here.
guess – gas:
Can you guess the answer to this riddle?
The car ran out of gas in the middle of the highway.
I guess we’ll need more gas to reach the next town.
steal – still:
It’s wrong to steal.
He’s still waiting for an answer.
Even though it's wrong to steal, some people still justify it.
cap – cop:
He wore a red cap with his favorite team’s logo.
The cop stopped the speeding car on the highway.
The cop noticed a strange logo on the cap of the suspect.
feel – fill:
I feel happy every time I see you.
Can you fill this glass with water?
I fell excited every time I fill my notebook with new ideas.
boss – bus:
My boss gave me a deadline to finish the report.
We took a bus to get to the show on time.
The boss was late to work because the bus broke down.
least – list:
This is the least expensive option on the menu.
Please add your name to the list if you're attending.
This is the least important task on the list, so let's do it last.
said – sad:
She said she would call me later tonight.
He felt sad after hearing the company news.
I was sad when she said she couldn’t come to the theater.
sleep – slip:
I need to sleep early tonight to feel rested.
Be careful not to slip on the icy sidewalk.
If you don't sleep well, you might slip up at work tomorrow.
cheap – chip:
The store sells cheap electronics, but the quality is poor.
After chip-tuning car warranty is fully preserved!
Don't buy the cheap chip.
beat – bit:
The drummer began to beat the drums rhythmically.
You can explore every bit of any area.
The drummer beat the drum so hard that a bit of the stick broke off.
pen – pan:
I always carry a pen with me for quick notes.
The pan on the stove was sizzling with hot oil.
He used a pen to write down the recipe before grabbing the pan.
bought – boat:
She bought a new dress for the party.
The boat sailed smoothly across the calm lake.
They bought a small boat for weekend trips.
sheep – ship:
The sheep grazed peacefully in the meadow.
The ship sailed across the ocean at dawn.
The farmer loaded his sheep onto the ship for transport.
shot – shut:
The basketball player took a perfect shot and scored.
Please shut the door behind you when you leave.
He shut the window just as the photographer took the shot.
hat – hot:
She bought a new hat for the summer.
It’s too hot outside to go for a walk.
He took off his hat because it was so hot.
lack – lock:
There is a lack of resources in this area.
Don’t forget to lock the door before you leave.
The lack of a proper lock made the house less secure.
doll – dull:
The little girl hugged her favorite doll tightly.
The lecture was so dull that half the class fell asleep.
The doll’s bright colors made the dull room look cheerful.
noon – nun:
The meeting will begin at exactly noon.
The nun prayed silently in the chapel.
At noon, the nun prepared the altar for the service.
men – man:
The men gathered around the table to discuss the project.
The man who lives next door is very friendly.
A group of men followed the man into the building.
lend – land:
Can you lend me your book for the weekend?
The plane will land at 3 p.m. local time.
I’ll lend you a guidebook once we land in Italy.
feet – fit:
Her feet are perfect.
The dress doesn’t fit properly.
These shoes don't fit my feet.
hawk – hack:
We saw a hawk flying high above the trees.
Don’t hack into someone else’s computer – it’s illegal!
The hawk soared over the forest as the hacker tried to hack the system.
pause – pose:
He took a brief pause before answering the question.
She tried to pose like a professional model for the picture.
After a long pause, she decided to pose the question to the group.
Ex. 1.4. Прочтите пары слов. Подумайте, какие звуки в них заключены?
downtown – countdown
new – suitcase
spoon – juice
about – hour
true – value
new – shoes
blue – moon
two – rooms
too – cool
too – few
Ex. 1.5. Прочтите текущую пару слов и определите, какая пара звуков Вам попалась. Затем прочтите предложение. Постарайтесь показать разницу между звуками как можно ярче. Не забывайте про линковку.
too – few:
There are too few chairs for everyone to sit down.
spoon – juice:
She poured a spoon of juice into the glass for tasting.
true – value:
The true value of the necklace was revealed during the appraisal.
new – shoes:
He bought a pair of new shoes for the party.
blue – moon:
A blue moon is a rare phenomenon that happens every few years.
new – suitcase:
I need a new suitcase for my upcoming vacation.
two – rooms:
The hotel suite has two rooms: a bedroom and a living area.
too – cool:
That jacket is too cool for winter weather.
downtown – countdown
We went downtown to watch the New Year’s Eve countdown.
about – hour:
It’ll take about an hour to drive to the airport.
Cow goes around the mountains about an hour.
In the crowded house in downtown they pronounced the vowels, sitting on the brown couch.
Ex. 2. Прочтите цепочки слов.
mat – math – mouth
bat – tough – bath
tank – thank – path
boat – bought – both
ten – then – tenth
true – threw – woof
team – theme – myth
than – thank – knack
tense – tenth – sense
feel – leaf – fear
deal – read – dear
mole – room – more
bowl – rob – bore
tile – write – tire
while – rye – wire
stole – wrote – store
fee – fear – free
gas – grass – glass
file – lair – flare
dryer – fire – buyer
reform – the form – the farm
ashore – the storm – the start
report – the port – the part
accord – the cord – on board
comfort – escort – the sport
assort – the sort – resort [z]
apart – the part – depart
adore – the store – afore
gain – attain – bargain
main – obtain – curtain
rain – remain – captain
plain – entertain – mountain
action – satisfaction – faction
kind – rewind – wind
dear – appear – near
earn – fern – turn – burn
knows – rose – goes – pose
power – flower – hour – our
could – wood – stood – mood
enough – half – laugh – half
fiddle – little – middle – giggle
wool – wood – stood – book
move – prove – hood – look
Ex. 3. Прочтите цепочки однокоренных слов. Ваши знания окончаний (суффиксов), помогут Вам прочитать слова правильно.
music –> musician [ʃən]
music –> musical –> musically –> musicality
myst –> mystic –> mystical –> mystically
myth –> mythic –> mythical –> mythically
politics –> politician [ʃən] –> political –> politically
photograph –> photography –> photographic –> photographical –> photographically
geography –> geographer
geography –> geographic –> geographical –> geographically
compete –> competitive –> competition
symmetry –> symmetric –> symmetrical –> symmetrically
mechanism –> mechanic –> mechanical –> mechanically
vary –> variety –> variation
define – definite –> definitive –> definitely –> definition
economy –> economical –> economically
logic –> logical –> logically –> illogically
method –> methodist
method –> methodic –> methodical –> methodically
method –> methodology –> methodological –> methodologically
Ex. 4. Прочтите слова с окончаниями -ar, -er, -or, -ure. Помните, что все они читаются [ər].
popular – amber – visitor – treasure
vinegar – driver – major – adventure
angular – sister – armor – picture
planar – teacher – actor – culture
grammar – miner – advisor – closure
modular – pitcher – inspector – texture
Ex. 5. Прочтите нижеуказанные слова. Подумайте-почувствуйте, какой слог редуцируется?
every – general
aspirin – average
actually – evening
different – diamond
preference – chocolate
temperature – several
interesting – history
business – camera
favorite – interest
coverage – desperate
catholic – chocolate
evening opera
every catholic
favorite vegetable
different businesses
broccoli and chocolate
Ex. 6. Прочтите слова и фразы. В них прослеживается дополнительный звук [ə] перед L.
tool, stool, school, cool, pool, fool
feel, steel, heel, wheel, kneel, reel
heal, deal, meal, steal, reveal, real
don't deal with a fool
stool in the school
cool in the pool
not a real deal
steal the tool
feel the heal
real tool
steel tool
really cool
fool at school
steal the wheel
reveal the real
Ex. 6.1. Прочтите предложения. В них прослеживается дополнительный звук [ə] перед L.
Don’t be a fool at school.
I could feel the steel frame.
You can reveal the real story.
Don’t steal a meal from others.
The carpenter used a steel tool.
The kids jumped into the cool pool.
They made a real deal at the market.
Во время тренировки, тяните schwa перед L сколько хотите, чтобы прочувствовать. Это хорошо тренирует мышцы, характерные для "английского" звучания.
После качественной отработки, уже на реальной скорости Вы почувствуете, что звук "встал на место". Обратите внимание как он стремится быть гортанным, что характерно для английских гласных.
Ex. 7. Прочтите слова.
ore, or, before, adore, lore, war, square,
more, flour, yawn, joke, yarn, moor, pure,
lynx, hear, room, tour, roam, there, here,
fire, tire, fair, rise, raise, hood, rude,
rood, where, their, they're, you're, your,
hair, mayor, blue, blew, dew, do, to, two, too,
loom, cool, school, few, mule, mute, feud, lie,
unload, law, law, lower, power, fare, fur, far,
reward, award, hard, wove, stove, worry, hurry,
pause, paw, care, ware, as, was, sour, roar,
fruit, earth, earn, serve, curl, girl, dear,
sport, wore, brave, solve, love, fun, ward,
clay, may, fay, lord, loud, load, reload,
warm, true, work, false, farm
Ex. 8. Прочтите слова.
flannel, blanket, distance, challenge,
helmet, crystal, custom, sentence,
titan, idol, penal, navy, open,
pawky, meekly, noisy, guilty,
trailer, corner, teaser,
fighter, counter, motor,
scooter, maker, mister,
stirrup, merry, carry,
curry, blurry, hurry,
lorry, worry, sorry,
Ex. 8.1. Прочтите слова.
reserve, reform, arena,
again, surprise, affirm,
appeal, ajar, awake, against,
ashore, afraid, awake, default, repay,
redo, remake, dismiss, renew, asleep,
obtain, afford, apart, appear, aspire,
repair, require, request, demure, anew,
manifest, spiral, valley, virgin, tyrant,
turret, cooler, poorer, pour, spacer, harbor,
outer, carry, famous, infamous, launcher,
neutral, steamer, warmer, former, normal,
minimal, ranting, speaker, parent, cargo,
freedom, armor, farmer, forum, captain,
rarely, early, August, mural, neutral,
boredom, outer, space
Ex. 9. Прочтите слова.
adorable, agility, analogous, analogy,
analysis anatomy, anonymous, apocalypse,
apologize, apology, aquarium, available,
awaken, academic, accelerate, acceptable,
abandonment, ability, academy, achievable,
accumulate, acknowledging [nɒ], acknowledgment,
accessible, accessory accidental, accommodate,
activated, activating, activity actually,
accompanied, accompany, accomplishment,
accordingly, accountable, accountancy,
aggregation, aggregated, agriculture,
adventurous [tʃ], advisory, advisable,
acquisition, adaptation, additional,
adjustable, admiration, admittedly,
affiliate, affinity, affirmative,
alcoholic, allegation, allocation,
allowable, alteration, alternative,
applicable, application, allocating,
affordable, alternating, altogether,
allocated, apparently, ambassador,
ammunition, amplifier, ambiguous, analytic,
analytics, analyzer, analyzing, animation,
animated, annotation, annotated, annually,
annuity, antivirus, anticipate, anybody,
appreciate, apprenticeship, appropriate
approximate, arbitration, 'arbitrator,
architecture, aromatic, artificial,
articulate, artillery, associate,
astronomy, atmospheric, attribution,
authenticate, authority, automation,
automatic, autonomous, augmentation,
as'tonishing, astrophysics, astrology,
cancellation, casualty, catalytic,
calculation, calculator, calculated,
calculating, calibration, calibrated,
canonical, capacitor, anxiety [æŋˈzaɪətɪ]
ceremony, certifying, catastrophic,
capacity, celebrated, celebrating,
category, celebrity, celebration,
cholesterol, chronology, cinematic,
citizenship, clarifying, coalition,
certificate, chameleon, championship,
circulation, circulated, circulating,
coordinate, collaborate, collectively,
collectable, collectible, combination,
comfortable, comfortably, commentaries,
commentary, commercially, commissioner,
colonial, comedian, cooperate,
communicate, community, comparable,
chiro'practic, coincidence, 'character [k]
chiro –> ['kaɪroʊ]
Ex. 10. Прочтите слова. Используйте словарь, если нужно.
Вы можете заметить, что если в слове яркое второстепенное ударение, это дает некоторый простор для чтения. Даже если Вы "ошиблись" в ударении, поставив главное на месте второстепенного, слово будет звучать, но с небольшим акцентом.
compatible – 'competence – compassionate
compendium – compensation – 'compensate
comparative – comparison – competition
competitive – competitor – compilation
concentrated – concentrating – conceptual
concurrently – condemnation – conditional
conformation – conformity – confrontation
conditioner – conditioning – confederate
complexity – complicated – composition
computerize – compulsory – concentration
confessional – confidential – confirmation
comprehension – comprehensive – computation
congregation – congressional – consequential
consequences – consequently – consecutive
conservative – conservatory – conservancy
considering – consistency – consistently
constellation – constitution – constitute
consultation – consultative – contextual
continental – contiguous – contingency
consolidate – consortium – conspiracy
continual – continuing – continuous
contradiction – contribution – contributed
contributing – contributor – controversial
continuum – contraception – contraceptive
controversy – conveniently – conventional
correspondence – correspondent – correctional
conversation – convertible – copyrighted
corporation – correlation – correlated
cosmology – criteria – criterion
culinary – cultivation – cultivated
culturally – custodial – custodian
cylindrical – deductible – definitive
cryptographic – cryptography – cumulative
deliberate – deliveries – delivery
derivative – desirable – detachable
demographic – democracy – deodorant
departmental – dependable – dependency
'decorative – 'decorated – 'decorating
devotional – declaration – decoration
detectable – determining – developer
developing – development – deviation
definitely – delegation – delegate
dedication – dedicated – definition
deposition – deprecate – deprivation
demonstration – demonstrate – demonstrating
derivation – designation – designated
designating – desperation – desperately
dimensional – diplomacy – directional
destination – di'agonal – di'ameter
directory – di'versify – di'versity
divisional – divinity – dictionaries
difficulty – digitally – diplomatic
dictionary – differential – differently
disappearance – disappointed – disappointment
disagreement – disadvantage – distinguish
discontinued – disconnected – discontinue
dis'cography – discoveries – discovery
dissatisfied – dissertation – distinguishing
distribution – distributor – distributed
discriminate – disposition – disposable
distributing – domination – dominated
electoral – electorate – electrical
duality – duplication – duplicated
dynamical – economic – economics
economist – economy – elaborate
electrician – electronic – electronics
eliminate – emergency – emotional
equality – equestrian – equivalent
eternity – evaluate – eventual
ecosystem – education – educator
elemental – elevation – elevator
educated – educating – effectively
effectiveness – efficiency – efficiently
elevated – eligible – elliptical
empowerment – emulation – emulator
embarrassment – emphasize – empirical
encourage [kʌ] – encouragement – energetic
energizer – engi'neering – enjoyable
entitlement – enthusiasm – enthusiast
entertainment – entrepreneur – environment
enlightenment – entertainer – entertaining
entrepre'neur –> [ɒntʃrəprəˈnər]
'estimator – 'estimated – 'estimating
ergonomic – ergonomics – especially
essentially – establishment – estimation
equitable [ɪ] – equivalence [ɪ] – epidemic
examining [gz] – exceptional – exclusively
exemplary [gz] – exercising – exhibition
ethnicity – everlasting – evidently
evolution – everybody – examiner
'expedite – experience – experienced
exhibitor – expandable – expedition
expectation – expectancy – expenditure
exposition – exterior – extensible
extensively – externally – facilitate
experiment – explanation – explicitly
exploration – exploitation – exponential
exterior –> [ɪkˈstɪrɪər]
exhibitor –> [ɪɡˈzɪbɪtər]
exhibition –> [eksɪˈbɪʃən]
Ex. 11. Прочтите слова. Используйте словарь, если нужно. Самое "неожиданное" ударение встречается у многосложных прилагательных на -able, -ible, -ive. Некоторые имеют несколько вариантов чтения, например formidable.
facility – favorable – fabrication
fabricated – fascination – fascinated
fascinating – fashionable – federation
financially – fil'mography – formidable
formulation – formulated – fortunately [tʃ]
futuristic – fundamental – geographic
federally – federated – fidelity
geologic – geometric – geophysics
geometry – generation – generator
geothermal – geography – geology
'generalize – generally – generated
gladiator – governmental – graduation [dʒ]
generating – generously – genuinely
gradually – graduated – graduating
grammatical – gymnasium – ideally
isolation – 'isolate – illegally
'illustrated – illustrating – imitation
illustration – illustrative – 'illustrator
identical – identified – identify – identity
immediate – immigration – immunity
imperial – imperative – implication
implicated – implicitly – imposition
importation – importantly – impossible
inadequate – inaugural – incapable
imprisonment – improperly – inaccurate
inci'dental – inclination – inconsistent
inconvenience – incorporate – incorrectly
incremental – increasingly – incredible
incredibly – independence – independent
'indicated – indicating – indirectly
indefinite – indication – indicator
in'dicative – indifferent – indigenous
industrial – ineffective – inefficient
infinity – influ'ential – 'influencing
inexpensive – inferior – 'infinitely
inferior –> [ɪnˈfɪrɪər]
information – informative – infrastructure
ingredient – inhabited – inherently
i'nitialize – initially – innovation
inheritance – inherited – i'nitiate
innovative – insignia – insolvency
inspiration – installation – institution
insufficient – integration – 'integrative
'instituted – instru'mental – instructional
interior – integrity – intelligence
intelligent – intensity – intentional
interested – interesting – interference
'integrator – 'integrated – 'integrating
intersection intervention interviewer
interfering – internally – in'terpretive
in'terpreter – interruption – interrupted
intuitive – invariant – inventories – inventory
investigate – invitation – invisible
introduction – intuition – irrational
intimacy – introducing – introduction
intuition – intimacy – introducing
locality – loco'motive – logically
irritation – 'irritating – irritate
irrespective – irrelevant – irrigation
literacy – literature – literally – literary
liberalism – limitation – librarian [laɪ]
legislation – 'legislative – 'legislature
liquidity – liberation – legitimate
material – materials – maternity
machinery – majority – manipulate
maturity – magnesium – magnificent
manageable – mandatory – manifesto
manually – manufacture – manufactured
margarita – mathematics – maximizing
mechanical – mediation – mediator
mediated – medieval – legendary
me'dicinal – me'morial – me'ridian
meditation – 'memorable – memorandum
me'tropolis – measurable – medication
merchandise – mentality – metaphysics
mo'nopoly – morality – motivation
motivated – military – millennium
microscopy – migratory – minority
minimally – minimizing – microscopic
misde'meanor – miserable – missionaries
missionary – misunderstood – mitigation
mobility – mo'lecular – motivate – motorcycle
moderation – moderator – moderately – modifier
modifying – multilingual – modulation [dʒ]
multiplier – multiplying – monastery
monumental – morphology – mu'nicipal
monetary – mongolian – monophonic
mutually – mythology – mysterious
nationally – nativity – naturalist
naturally – navigation – navigator
navigable – nationalism – nationalist
navigating – necessity – negotiate
negotiable – necessary – nevertheless
nomination – notorious – nomenclature
nominated – nominating – noncommercial
observation – nonlinear – notwithstanding
obedience – oceanic – oriental – original
overwhelming – obligation – oblivion
optimizing – optionally – ordination
originate – overcoming – optimistic
ocean –> [ˈoʊʃən]
oceanic –> [oʊʃɪˈænɪk]
observable – obviously – occasional
occupation – occupancy – officially
organiser – organising – organizer
operator – opposition – ordinary
participate – particular – particulate
organizing – ornamental – orthopaedic
panoramic – parametric – participant
patriotism – pedestrian – pediatric
pediatrics – perimeter – petitioner
patriotism –> [ˈpeɪtrɪətɪzəm]
pedagogy – peninsula – periodic
permanently – permissible – perpetual
persecution – 'personalize – personalizing
photographic – photographer – photography
personally – philanthropy – philosopher
philosophy – philharmonic – photocopy
photographes – physically – picturing
planetary – plurality – polarity – political
postgraduate – predictable – predominant
politician – polyphonic – polytechnic
population – portfolio – positively
preferential – presentation – preservation
prehistoric – - presumably – preventative
predecessor – preferable – preferably
presidency – primarily – priority
principally – professional – proficiency
programmable – prohibition – promotional
provisional – provocative – problematic
proclamation – 'profitable – propaganda
prosecuted – prosperity – proximity
proposition – prosecution – prosecutor
psychiatrist – psychiatry – psychiatric
psychologist – psychology – psychedelic
publication – reality – realistic
realizing – receivable – receptionist
reconstructed – recovery – redistribute
rechargeable – reconsider – reconstruction
refundable – reinforcement – reinsurance
relational – relationship – relaxation
relocating – remarkable – removable
reliable – relocation – relocated
repeatedly – repetitive – reportedly
restructuring – reusable – reversible
republican – respectively – respectable
respectfully – responsible – responsiveness
reasonable – reasonably – reclamation
recognition – recognizing – recreation
rectangular – referendum – referencing
reformation – registration – regulation
regulator – regularly – regulated
regulating – renovation – renovated
repetition – reputation – reservation
residency – residential – resignation
resolution – restoration – retrospective
revelation – revocation – revolution
scenario – scientific – security
selectable – selectively – serenity
secretary – seminary – sensational
separation – separator – separated
seriousness – seriously – secondary
separating – separately – significance
specializing – solitary – specifying
significant – similarly – simplicity
situated [tʃ] – situation – society
simulation – simulator – simulated
speculation – 'speculative – spiritual [tʃ]
spectacular – spectrometer – spectrometry
stimulation – stimulated – stimulating
spontaneous – stability – statistical
storytelling – stupidity – su'perior
superhero – supermarket – supervision
supervisor – supervisory – supervising
supremacy – subdivision – subsequently
successfully – sufficiency – supplemental
supposedly – surprisingly – sustainable
sympathetic – symposium – syndicated
synonymous – systematic – telephony
technically – technology – television
temperature – temporary – terrestrial
territory – testimony – te'stosterone
theatrical – theology – therapeutic
topography – topology – topographic
therapeutics – thermometer – titanium
traditional – trajectory – transcriptional
transitional – transferable – transnational
titanium –> [tɪˈteɪnɪəm], [taɪˈteɪnɪəm]
transparency – transportation – triangular
troubleshooting – tutorial – typically [ɪ]
unanimous – uniformly – unitary
universal – usually – utility
un'authorize – unauthorized – unbeatable
uncertainty – unclassified – undercover
undergoing – underlying – understanding
ultimately – ultrasonic – unaffected
unparalleled – unrelated – unrestricted
underwater – underwriting – undoubtedly
unemployment – unexpected – unfamiliar
unfortunate – unlimited – unofficial
unregistered – unspecified – unsuccessful
unsupported – unusual – validity – variety
variable – variation – ve'locity – veronica
vegetable – vaccination – validation
visually – violating – visionary
valuable – valuation – vegetation
verifying – vertically – violated
vigorously – virtually – visualize
whatsoever – wonderfully – vocational
vitality – victoria – watercolor
voluntary – vulnerable
Напоминаю "формулы" для подобных ассимиляций:
[t] + [j] –> [tʃ]
[d] + [j] –> [dʒ]
[z] + [j] –> [ʒ]
[s] + [j] –> [ʃ]
Ассимиляционный эффект в звуках [t], [d], [s], [z] возникает из-за смягчения согласного от звука [j] и вытягивания губ, благодаря следующему гласному звуку – почти всегда это звук [u:] или [ʊ], редко [i:], [ɪ] (last year).
Помните, что с гласным звуком возможны следующие вариации:
[tʃu:], [tʃʊ], [tʃʌ], [tʃə]
[dʒu:], [dʒʊ], [dʒʌ], [dʒə]
[ʒu:], [ʒʊ], [ʒʌ], [ʒə]
[ʃu:], [ʃʊ], [ʃʌ], [ʃə]
Ex. 12. Прочтите пары слов.
actually – situation
eventual – eventuality
adventure – virtuality
fortunately – mutuality
actuality – statue
lecturing – venturing
picture – accentually
nature – intellectuality
creature – future
factually – fortune
structure – inactual
contextual – contactual
gradual – residual
graduate – schedule [ske]
graduation – education
procedure – individual
usual – casual
visual – closure
measure – pleasure
exposure – composure
Комбинация [s] + [j] внутри слов встречается редко:
sure – assure
tissue – issue
reassure – nonissue
insurance – issuance
Повторим, как можно изменить слово, добавив префикс.
Ex. 13. Прочтите пары слов и фразы.
do – redo
do – overdo
get – forget
got – forgot
fit – unfit
tie – untie
fit – profit
fill – refill
wake – awake
lock – unlock
come – outcome
form – perform
view – preview
pose – propose
long – prolong
tend – pretend
tent – content
fuse – confuse
firm – confirm
sent – consent
pute – compute
pare – compare
read – misread
serve – observe
happy – unhappy
cover – uncover
build – rebuild
come – overcome
ride – override
write – rewrite
chief – mischief
print – misprint
place – misplace
quote – misquote
pound – compound
plain – complain
sight – oversight
count – subscribe
scribe – discount
change – exchange
sleep – oversleep
stand – understand
perform – outperform
sourcing – outsourcing
to record a new record
to object to this object
to protest in the protest
to suspect the got the suspect
to contest the winner of the contest
Ex. 14. Прочтите предложения. Первое будет содержать фразовый глагол, а второе – существительное.
I don't want you to come back.
This actor has made his comeback.
How to work around this problem?
He did a good workaround.
We need to print out this document.
Make me a printout.
The plane has taken off.
It was a smooth takeoff.
Let's back up and make another try.
Make a backup plan.
We need backup!
Let's take over this place.
Take them over to the place.
I broke up with that girl.
She had a rough breakup with that man.
Don't show off in front of the people; I hate that!
You're such a showoff!
We want to check in.
What time can we have a checkin?
Ex. 15. Меняйте ударение (акцентированное слово) в нижеследующих предложениях. Проследите, как меняется главная мысль сказанного.
Where did you go?
What would you like?
He didn't buy the house.
They wanted to drive downtown.
They walked home after the party.
I like her.
She said this.
I won the game.
Скрытые слоги подробно рассмотрены в конце Модуля 5.
Ex. 16. Прочтите пары слов со скрытым слогом.
particle – spectacle
pinnacle – chronicle
popsicle – pentacle
binnacle – denticle
bicycle – barnacle
miracle – obstacle
article – debacle
monticle – upcycle
dicycle – monocle
oracle – cubicle
В американском английском буква t стирается, когда буквосочетание nt стоит между гласных. Подробнее об этом сказано в Модуле 10 (упр. 6, 6.1).
Ex. 17. Прочтите пары слов, фразы, предложения.
enter – winter
twenty – printer
interview – interface
interstate – interrupt
percentage – advantage
international – pentagon
representative – accounting
Shouldn't I?
twenty bucks
wouldn't have
couldn't have
shouldn't have
a great interview
international airport
He lives in Toronto.
Разницу между I can и I can't можно показать интонацией:
You can do that. (ударение на do)
You can't do that. (ударение на can't)
В 'didn't I' и 'hasn't he' стоит звук [ə] после [d] и [z] соответственно. Поэтому правило сохраняется:
Didn't I tell you?
Did they enter the building?
They don't even try to do it.
He has done the job. Hasn't he?
What's the point of your speech?
Не забывайте, что элизия t происходит и здесь:
Isn't she nice?
Isn't she pretty?
Во многих распространенных фразах при быстрой речи происходит элизия h. Подробнее об этом сказано в Модуле 10 (упр. 9).
Ex. 18. Прочтите фразы с элизией h.
Is he?
Did he?
Will he?
Would he?
Does he?
Was he?
Has he?
Can he?
what's her name?
what's his motive?
what's his number?
А здесь элизия t и h:
Isn't he?
Doesn't he?
Doesn't he like it?
Посколько h в слове he "стерлась", то nt, стоящая между гласными звуками дает только [n].
Быстрая D подробно рассмотрена в Модуле 10.
Ex. 19. Прочтите фразы и предложения.
1) what I – but I – that I
What I like.
But I don't.
That I saw.
2) what I'm – but I'm – that I'm
I wanna know what I'm supposed to see?
The thing that I'm gonna get.
But I'm outta town.
3) what I've – but I've – that I've
That's what I've learned.
But I've heard it before.
The news that I've never heard of.
4) what if – but if – that if
What if you won't like the coffee?
But if you need help, just lemme know.
He told me that if I study hard, I'll pass the exam.
5) what is – but is – that is
What is this?
What is life?
The plan seems promising, but is still far from perfect.
You needa focus on your goal, that is, achieving your best performance.
achieving –> [əˈtʃiːvɪŋ]
6) what isn't – But isn't – that isn't
Здесь можно просто "стереть" t. Но выбор за Вами:
What isn't true, is false.
It's a lot faster, but isn't accurate.
That isn't the only challenge.
7) what are – but are – that are
What are you doing?
These shoes look nice but are too expensive.
I like books that are full of adventure and mystery.
Неформальные сокращения не стоит использовать на письме. Здесь неформальные сокращения даны, чтобы читатель не забывал про них.
В американском английском фраза did you может сильно редуцироваться до [dʒ]. Возможны разные варианты: [dʒu:], [dʒʌ], [dʒə], [dʒi:], [dʒɪ]. Характер звучания зависит от следующего гласного звука:
did you ever? –> [dʒu:'evər], ['dʒevər]
did you have? –> [dʒev]
did you eat? –> [dʒi:'ɪt]
where did you –> ['werdʒʌ]
when did you –> ['wendʒʌ]
who did you –> ['hu:dʒʌ]
Ex. 20. Прочтите фразы с линковкой. Объединяйте фразу в одно слово.
Did you eat last night?
Did you open the gift?
Did you go to the mall?
Did you like the car?
What did you have for dinner today?
Where did you buy that coat?
Where did you find the job?
When did you buy that car?
Where did you go?
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