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За время своего путешествия я имел удовольствие встречаться со многими замечательными учеными, многое поведавшими мне об акулах и мире океана. Их работа, основанная на многолетних исследованиях, часто в суровых условиях, дает обществу возможность лучше узнать природу и принять нужные законы для защиты океанов.
В начале путешествия я встретился с Грегом Скомалом, который много лет работает на северо-востоке США, изучая больших белых акул. Он великодушно уделил мне много времени, общение с ним очень меня обогатило.
Значительно помог мне Джеффри Кэррьер – как сведениями, так и связями: он представил меня другим ученым и морским биологам – например Майку Хитхаусу и его коллеге Уэсу Прэтту. Исследования акул и морской экосистемы Австралии, которые проводит Майк, просто замечательны. Я получил большое удовольствие, беседуя с ним и Уэсом, который заразил меня своим энтузиазмом по отношению к акулам.
Я воспользовался помощью и многих других людей – например Тристана Гаттриджа, рассказавшего об общественных отношениях в мире акул, и Нила Хаммпершлага, опубликовавшего множество важных научных отчетов. Пит Климли за свою блистательную карьеру тоже сделал множество серьезных открытий – здесь не хватит места, чтобы их перечислить.
Йелле Атема – еще один крупный ученый, не пожалевший для меня своего времени. Он подвел научную основу под многие положения этой книги. К сожалению, я не могу здесь рассказать много о каждом из этих ученых, их работе и добром отношении ко мне.
Один из ключевых уроков, которые я усвоил за время путешествия, состоит в том, что все в мире взаимосвязано. Например, книга может появиться только благодаря труду многих людей. Когда Пол Рахман, оказавший мне большую помощь в ее написании, представил меня Питеру Макгигану из агентства Foundry Media, книга стала обретать реальные очертания – во многом при помощи прекрасных сотрудников агентства Ричи Кернса и Майка Нардулло.
Об издании книги в HarperCollins я мог только мечтать. Я хотел бы поблагодарить свою издательницу Джудит Керр, много сделавшую для издания, и замечательного редактора Майлза Дойла, вложившего в этот проект душу и сердце. Хочу также поблагодарить Сюзанну Квист и ее команду, превративших рукопись в книгу.
Я благодарен всем этим прекрасным людям и не устаю повторять: без всех вас моя книга никогда бы не увидела свет.
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2. Sutton T., Siciliano A. Making Reform a Priority for Taiwan’s Fishing Fleet // Center for American Progress, January 8, 2018. https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/reports/2018/01/08/ 444622/making-reform-priority-taiwans-fishing-fleet/.
3. Ibid.
4. Morris J. X. The Dirty Secret of Taiwan’s Fishing Industry // The Diplomat, May 18, 2018.
5. Netting Billions: A Global Valuation of Tuna // Pew Charitable Trusts, May 2, 2016. https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2016/05/netting-billions-a-global-valuation-of-tuna.
6. News Update: U. S. per Capita Seafood Consumption Up in 2017 // Seafood Nutrition Partnership, December 13, 2018.
7. Hamilton A. et al. Market and Industry Dynamics in the Global Tuna Supply Chain // Solomon Islands: Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency, 2011. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259442804_Market_ and_Industry_Dynamics_in_the_Global_Tuna_Supply_Chain.
1. Cambodia GDP per Capita, 1993–2017, Yearly, USD, National Institute of Statistics // CEIC Data. https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/cambodia/gdp-per-capita.
2. Chandran R. Bank Accounts for Fishermen in Thailand Can Help End Abuses, Officials Say // Reuters, March 7, 2018. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-thailand-f ishing-slavery/bank-accounts-for-fishermen-in-thailand-can-help-end-abuses-officials-say-idUSKCN1GK0RC.
3. Государственный департамент США. Торговля людьми: отчет, июнь 2018 года. https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/282798.pdf.
1. Yong E. The Fish That Makes Other Fish Smarter // The Atlantic, March 7, 2018. https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/the-fish-that-makes-other-fish-smarter/554924.
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4. Ibid.
5. Atlay K. Weakened Coral Reefs Are Facing the Threat of Algae Colonisation // Science, April 27, 2016. https://www.sbs.com.au/topics/science/nature/article/2016/04/27/weakened-coral-reefs- are-facing-threat-algae-colonisation.
6. Ruppert J. L.W. et al. Caught in the Middle: Combined Impacts of Shark Removal and Coral Loss on the Fish Communities of Coral Reefs // PLoSONE8, no. 9, September 18, 2013. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0074648.
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8. Wolf Reintroduction Changes Ecosystem // My Yellowstone Park, June 21, 2011. https://www.yellowstonepark.com/things-to-do/wolf-reintroduction-changes-ecosystem.
9. Ibid.
10. Sharks: Meet the Seagrass Protectors // National Science Foundation, July 26, 2017. https://www.nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ. jsp?cntn_id=242613; Reynolds P. Seagrass and Seagrass Beds // Smithsonian, April 2018. https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/plants-algae/seagrass-and-seagrass-beds; Toochi E. Ch. Carbon Sequestration: How Much an Forestry Sequester CO2? // Forestry Research and Engineering: International Journal 2, no. 3, May 21, 2018. DOI: 10.15406/freij.2018.02.00040.
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13. Lamb J. B. et al. Seagrass Ecosystems Reduce Exposure to Bacterial Pathogens of Humans, Fishes, and Invertebrates // Science 355, no. 6326. February 17, 2017. P. 731–733.
14. Ibid.
15. Frid A., Baker G. G., Dill L. M. Do Shark Declines Create Fear-Released Systems? // Oikos 117, no. 2. February 2008. P. 191–201.
16. Ibid.
17. Уэс Прэтт приводит данные из: Blue Waters of the Bahama: An Eden for Sharks // National Geographic, March 2007.
18. Ecotourism: Dollars and Sense // Shark Savers, n. d. http://www.sharksavers.org/en/education/the-value-of-sharks/sharks-and-ecotourism.
19. Shark Dive Tourism in Fiji Worth US$42.2 Million a Year // Australian Institute of Marine Science, Australian Government, April 19, 2012.
20. Vianna G. M. S. et al. The Socio-economic Value of the Shark-Diving Industry in Fiji // Australian Institute of Marine Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, 2011. https://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/legacy/uploadedfiles/ peg/publications/report/shrkfijieconomicreportfinalpdf.pdf.
21. Service Sh. Palau’s Plans to Ban Commercial Fishing Could- Set Precedent for Tuna Industry // Guardian, March 26, 2014. https://www. theguardian.com/sustainable-business/palau-sharks-ban-commer- cial-fishing-tuna-industry.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Gallagher A., Hammerschlag N. Global Shark Currency // Current Issues in Tourism 14, no. 8, November 2011. doi:10.1080/13683500.2011.585227.
25. Economic Values of Coral Reefs, Mangroves, and Seagrasses: A Global Compilation, Arlington, VA: Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International.
26. Leopold A. A Sand County Almanac. Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1968. [Рус. перев.: Леопольд О. Календарь песчаного графства. М.: Мир, 1983.]
27. Ibid.
1. Worm B. et al. Global Catches, Exploitation Rates, and Rebuilding Options for Sharks // Marine Policy 40, 2013. P. 194–204.
2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2018: Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals («Состояние мировых рыбных ресурсов и аквакультуры в 2018 году: соответствие целям устойчивого развития»). Rome: FAO, 2018. http://www.fao.org/3/i9540en/I9540EN.pdf.
3. Ibid.
4. Sector Trends Analysis: Fish Trends in China // Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, October 2017. http://www.agr.gc.ca/resources/prod/Internet-Internet/MISB-DGSIM/ATS-SEA/PDF/sta_fish_trends_china_ats_tendances_poisson_chine_2017a-eng.pdf.
5. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2018: Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals («Состояние мировых рыбных ресурсов и аквакультуры в 2018 году: соответствие целям устойчивого развития»). Rome: FAO, 2018. http://www.fao.org/3/i9540en/I9540EN.pdf.
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7. Blomeyer R. et al. The Role of China in World Fisheries. European Parliament, Directorate-General for Internal Policies, 2012.
8. Gibbens S. High Seas Fishing Isn’t Just Destructive – It’s Unprofitable // National Geographic, June 6, 2018. https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/06/high-seas-fishing-subsidies-oceans-science/.
9. Estimated Average Annual Catch by Region, in Metric Tons, 2000–2011 // Africa Center for Strategic Studies. https://africacenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Where-Chinese-Vessels-Fish-cc.png.
10. Parameswaran P. Indonesia’s War on Illegal Fishing Nets New China Vessel // The Diplomat, December 6, 2017. https://thediplomat.com/2017/12/indonesias-war-on-illegal-fishing-nets-new-china- vessel/.
11. Vallianos Ch. et al. Sharks in Crisis // Wild Aid, 2018. https://wildaid.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/WildAid-Sharks-in-Crisis-2018.pdf.
12. Dent F., Clarke S. State of the Global Market for Shark Products // FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 590, Rome, FAO UN, 2015. P. 5. www.fao.org/3/a-i4795e.pdf.
13. Ibid. P. 7.
14. Ibid. P. 97.
15. Ibid. P. 125.
16. Ibid. P. 1.
17. Pelagic Sharks: Predators of the High Seas. World Wide Fund for Nature. https://sharks. panda.org/conservation-focus/sharks-and-rays.
18. Byrne M. E. et al. Satellite Telemetry Reveals Higher Fishing Mortality Rates Than Previously Estimated, Suggesting Overfishing of an Apex Marine Predator // Proceedings of the Royal Society B284, no. 1860. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0658.
19. NSU’s GHRI Study Shows Ocean’s Fastest Shark Is Being Threatened By Over Fishing. NSU Newsroom, Nova Southeastern University.
20. The Ocean’s Fastest Shark Is Being Threatened by Overfishing // ScienceDaily, August 7, 2017. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/170807112842.htm.
21. World Wide Fund for Nature. 21st Special Meeting of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) // Position Paper 2018, November 12–19, 2018.
22. Sala E. et al. The Economics of Fishing the High Seas // ScienceAdvances 4, no. 6, June 6, 2018. http://advances. sciencemag.org/content/4/6/eaat2504.full.
23. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2018: Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals («Состояние мировых рыбных ресурсов и аквакультуры в 2018 году: соответствие целям устойчивого развития»). Rome: FAO, 2018.
1. Meyer A. Ragged Tooth Shark // SharksInfo, 2013. http://www.sharksinfo.com/ragged-tooth-shark.html.
2. From Sharkbait to Shark Saviour // Beautiful News. https://www.ecr. co.za/shows/stacey-norman/sharkbait-shark-saviour.
3. Welz A. Shark Mystery: Where Have South Africa’s Great Whites Gone? // Yale Environment 360, August 6, 2018. https://e360.yale.edu/features/shark-mystery-where-have-south-africas-great-whites-gone.
4. The Republic of South Africa // UN Food and Agriculture Organization, November 2005. http://www.fao.org/fi/oldsite/FCP/en/ZAF/profile.htm.
5. Zweig T. Educating Anglers to Save Sharks // Save Our Seas, September 25, 2012. https://saveourseas.com/update/educating-anglers-to- save-sharks.
6. Scientists Predict Major Shifts in Pacific Ecosystems by 2100 // Stanford News, September 24, 2012. https://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/september/pacific-ecosystem-shift-092412.html.
1. Meyer A. Sharks-Teeth. 2013. https://www.sharksinfo.com/teeth.html.
2. Harding B. Marine Scientists Scratch Heads over Sardines // IOL, August 30, 2004. https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/marine-scientists- scratch-heads-over-sardines-220684.
3. Wuebbles D. J. et al Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, vol. 1. Washington, DC: U. S. Global Change Research Program, 2017. https://science2017.globalchange.gov/downloads/CSSR2017_FullReport.pdf. Этот отчет был составлен сотрудниками тринадцати федеральных министерств и ведомств, в том числе Национальным управлением по исследованию океанов и атмосферы, Национальным аэрокосмическим агентством и Министерством энергетики.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
1. Koestler A. The Ghost in the Machine. Last Century Media, 1982. P. 305. [Сокр. рус. перев.: Кестлер А. Дух в машине // Вопросы философии. 1993. № 10.]
2. Fishermen Caught Trying to Smuggle Shark Fins from Hawaii Plead Guilty // Hawaii News Now, December 14, 2018. http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/2018/12/14/indonesian-fishermen-caught-trying-smuggle-shark-fins-hawaii-get-off-with-fine/.
3. Webster Introduces Commonsense Solution for Shark Trade and Conservation // Daniel Webster Press Release, March 15, 2018.
4. Shark Fin Trade: Why It Should Be Banned in the United States // Oceana, n. d. https://usa.oceana.org/sites/default/files/4046/ shark_fin_ban_announcement_brochure_final_low-res.pdf.
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