Книга: Так полон или пуст? Почему все мы – неисправимые оптимисты
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213

«Good Things Come To Those Who Wait» (англ.).

214

Loewenstein G. Anticipation and the Valuation of Delayed Consumption // Economic Journal. 97 (1987). P. 666–684.

215

Farber M. L. Time Perspective and Feeling Tone: A Study in the Perception of Days // Journal of Psychology. 35 (1953). P. 253–257.

216

Loewenstein G. Anticipation and the Valuation of Delayed Consumption // Economic Journal. 97 (1987). P. 666–684.

217

Berns G. S. et al. Neurobiological Substrates of Dread // Science. 312; 5774 (2006). P. 754–758. doi:10.1126/science.1123721

218

Fishburn P. C. Utility Theory for Decision-Making. New York: Wiley, 1970.

219

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220

Berns G. S. et al. Neurobiological Substrates of Dread // Science. 312; 5774 (2006). P. 754–758. doi:10.1126/science.1123721

221

Sharot T., De Martino B., Dolan R. J. How Choice Reveals and Shapes Expected Hedonic Outcome // Journal of Neuroscience. 29; 12 (2009). P. 3760–3765. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4972–08.2009

222

Loewenstein G. Choice over Time. New York: Russell Sage Foundation Publications, 1992.

223

Заметьте, что чем ближе время предполагаемого похода к стоматологу, тем сильнее страх. Однако люди предпочитают пойти к врачу как можно скорее, потому что если сложить все моменты испытываемого страха с настоящего времени до пугающего события, то общий объем неприятных ощущений в случае отсрочки процедуры получится больше, чем если провести ее незамедлительно. – Примеч. автора.

224

Sharot T. et al. Neural Mechanisms Mediating Optimism Bias // Nature. 450; 7166 (2007). P. 102–105.

225

Kable J. W., Glimcher P. W. The Neural Correlates of Subjective Value During Intertemporal Choice // Nature Neuroscience. 10; 12 (2007). P. 1625–1633. doi:10.1038/nn2007

226

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227

Berndsen M., van der Pligt J. Time Is on My Side: Optimism in Intertemporal Choice // Acta Psychologica. 108; 2 (2001). P. 173–186.

228

Ersner-Hershfield H., Wimmer G. E., Knutson B. Saving for the Future Self: Neural Measures of Future Self-Continuity Predict Temporal Discounting // Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 4; 1 (2009). P. 85–92. doi:10.1093/scan/nsn042

229

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230

O’Brien T. L. What Happened to the Fortune Michael Jackson Made? // New York Times. May 14, 2006.

231

U. S. Savings Rate Hits Lowest Level Since 1933. URL: http://www.nbcnews.msn.com/id/11098797/ns/business-stocks_and_economy

232

O’Brien T. L. What Happened to the Fortune Michael Jackson Made? // New York Times. May 14, 2006.

233

U. S. Savings Rate Hits Lowest Level Since 1933. URL: http://www.nbcnews.msn.com/id/11098797/ns/business-stocks_and_economy.

234

Ibid.

235

Thaler R. H., Sunstein C. R. Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness. New York: Penguin, 2009. P. 105–119.

236

URL: http://blogs.myspace.com

237

Имеются в виду 193 государства – члена ООН и 2 государства – наблюдателя при ООН (Ватикан и Палестина). В списке стран мира не принято учитывать частично признанные, непризнанные государства и территории с неопределенным статусом.

238

Brehm J. W. Post-Decision Changes in the Desirability of Choice Alternatives // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 52 (1956). P. 384–389.

239

Джелато – итальянский десерт из мороженого, ягод, фруктов, орехов и шоколада.

240

Egan L. C., Santos L. R., Bloom P. The Origins of Cognitive Dissonance: Evidence from Children and Monkeys // Psychological Science. 11 (2007). P. 978–983. URL: http://courses.washington.edu/evpsych/Egan%20Santos%20Bloom%20-%20origins%20cog%20diss%20-%20Psy%20Sci%202007.pdf

241

Lieberman M. D. et al. Do Amnesics Exhibit Dissonance Reduction? The Role of Explicit Memory and Attention in Attitude Change // Psychological Science. 2 (2001). P. 135–140.

242

Sharot T., De Martino B., Dolan R. J. How Choice Reveals and Shapes Expected Hedonic Reaction // Journal of Neuroscience. 29; 12 (2009). P. 3760–3765. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4972–08.2009

243

Delgado M. R. Reward-Related Responses in the Human Striatum // Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1104 (2007). P. 70–88.

244

Egan L., Bloom P., Santos L. R. Choice-Induced Preferences in the Absence of Choice: Evidence of Choice: from a Blind Two Choice Paradigm with Young Children and Capuchin Monkeys // Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 46 (2010). P. 204–207.

245

Sharot T., Velasquez C. M., Dolan R. Do Decisions Shape Preference? Evidence from Blind Choice // Psychological Science. 21 (2010). P. 9209–9215.

246

Choosing the Same Partner Over and Over Again: Commitment in a Healthy Marriage. URL: https://ldsmag.com

247

Festinger L. Conflict, Decision and Dissonance. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 1964.

248

Bem D. J. Self-Perception: An Alternative Interpretation of Cognitive Dissonance Phenomena // Psychological Review. 74 (1967). P. 183–200.

249

Cooper J., Zanna M. P., Taves P. A. Arousal as a Necessary Condition for Attitude Change Following Induced Compliance // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 36; 10 (1978). P. 1101–1106.

250

Sharot T. et al. Dopamine Enhances Expectation of Pleasure in Humans // Current Biology. 19; 24 (2009). P. 2077–2080. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.10.025

251

Bishop J. The Day Lincoln Was Shot. New York: Gramercy, 1984.

252

Colgrove F. Individual Memories // American Psychologist. 10 (1899). P. 228–255.

253

Brown R., Kulick J. Flashbulb Memories // Cognition. 5 (1977). P. 73–99.

254

Neisser U., Harsch N. Phantom Flashbulbs // Affect and Accuracy in Recall: Studies of «Flashbulb» Memories. Winograd E. and Neisser U. (eds.). New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992. P. 9–32.

255

Правильный перевод названия комплекса зданий World Trade Center, который чаще всего именуют Всемирным торговым центром.

256

James W. The Principles of Psychology. Vol. 1. New York: Henry Holt, 1890. P. 670.

257

Talarico J. M., Rubin D. C. Confidence, Not Consistency, Characterizes Flashbulb Memories // Psychological Science. 14 (2003). P. 455–461.

258

Sharot T. et al. How Personal Experience Modulates the Neural Circuitry of Memories of September 11 // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104; I (2007). P. 389–394.

259

Introduction: One Year Later: New Yorkers More Troubled, Washingtonians More on Edge. URL: http://people-press.org/2002/09/05/one-year-later-new-yorkers-more-troubled-washingtonians-more-on-edge

260

Это на севере Манхэттена, у Колумбийского университета. – Примеч. автора.

261

Klüver H., Bucy P. C. Preliminary Analysis of Functions of the Temporal Lobes in Monkeys // Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry. 42 (1939). P. 979–1000.

262

Weiskrantz L. Behavioral Changes Associated with Ablation of the Amygdaloid Complex in Monkeys // Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology. 4 (1956). P. 381–391.

263

LeDoux J. The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life. London: Phoenix, 1999.

264

Ibid.

265

Пример опубликован Эдом Йонгом в: 9/11 Memories Reveal How Flashbulb Memories’ Are Made in the Brain. url: http://notexactlyrocketscience.wordpress.com/2007/02/25/911-memories-reveal-how-flashbulb-memories-are-made-in-the-brain

266

Armstrong L., Jenkins S. It’s Not About the Bike: My Journey Back to Life. New York: Berkley Books, 2001. P. 259.

267

Brickman P., Coates D., Janoff-Bulman R. Lottery Winners and Accident Victims: Is Happiness Relative? // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 36 (1978). P. 917–927.

268

Ubel P. A., Loewenstein G., Jepson Ch. Disability and Sunshine: Can Hedonic Predictions Be Improved by Drawing Attention to Focusing Illusions or Emotional Adaptation? // Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied. 11; 2 (2005). P. 111–123. URL: https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/sds/docs/loewenstein/Disability Sunshine.pdf

269

Ibid.

270

The Big Interview: Matt Hampson // Sunday Times (London). March 12, 2006.

271

Wilson T. D. et al. When to Fire: Anticipatory Versus Postevent Reconstrual of Uncontrollable Events // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 30 (2004). P. 340–351.

272

Sharot T., Shiner T., Dolan R. Experience and Choice Shape Expected Aversive Outcomes // Journal of Neuroscience. 30; 27. P. 9209–9215.

273

Phelps E., Phelps A., LeDoux J. E. Contributions of the Amygdala to Emotion Processing: From Animal Models to Human Behavior // Neuron. 48; 2 (2005). P. 175–187. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.09.025

274

Changizi M. A., Hall W. G. Thirst Modulates a Perception // Perception. 30 (2001). P. 1489–1497.

275

Balcetis E., Dunning D. Cognitive Dissonance and the Perception of Natural Environments // Psychological Science. 10 (2007). P. 917–921.

276

Festinger L., Riecken H. W., Schachter S. When Prophecy Fails. New York: Harper Perennial, 1964.

277

Trepper L. Great Game: Story of the Red Orchestra. London: Sphere. 1979. [Треппер Л. Большая игра. М.: Политиздат. 1990.]

278

Overy R. J. The Dictators: Hitler’s Germany and Stalin’s Russia. New York: W. W. Norton. 2004. P. 83–90.

279

Trepper L. Great Game: Story of the Red Orchestra. London: Sphere, 1979. [Треппер Л. Большая игра. М.: Политиздат, 1990.]

280

Ibid.

281

Ibid.

282

Ibid.

283

Статистика от Американского онкологического общества. URL: http://www.cancer.org

284

Weinstein N. D. Unrealistic Optimism About Future Life Events // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 39; 5 (1980). P. 806–820.

285

Сэмюэл Джонсон (1709–1784) – английский поэт эпохи Просвещения, литературный критик, лексикограф.

286

Baker L., Emery R. When Every Relationship Is Above Average: Perceptions and Expectations of Divorce at the Time of Marriage // Law and Human Behavior. 17 (1993). P. 439–450.

287

Weinstein N. D. Unrealistic Optimism About Susceptibility to Health Problems: Conclusions from a Community-wide Sample // Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 10; 5 (1987). P. 481–500.

288

Overy R. J. The Dictators: Hitler’s Germany and Stalin’s Russia. New York: W. W. Norton, 2004. P. 83–90.

289

Gorodetsky G. Grand Delusion: Stalin and the German Invasion of Russia. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001. P. 67–86. [Городецкий Г. Роковой самообман. Сталин и нападение Германии на Советский Союз. М: РОССПЭН, 2001.]

290

Ericson E. Feeding the German Eagle: Soviet Economic Aid to Nazi Germany, 1933–1941. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1999. P. 162.

291

Sutton R. S., Barto A. G. Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998.

292

Dunning D., Heath Ch., Suls J. M. Flawed Self-Assessment: Implications for Health, Education, and the Workplace // Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 5; 3 (2004). P. 69–106.

293

Schulz R. et al. Pessimism, Age, and Cancer Mortality // Psychology and Aging. 11; 2 (1996). P. 304–309.

294

Scheier M. F. et al. Dispositional Optimism and Recovery from Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: The Beneficial Effects on Physical and Psychological Well-being // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 57; 6 (1989). P. 1024–1040.

295

Puri M., Robinson D. T. Optimism and Economic Choice // Journal of Financial Economics. 86; 1 (2007). P. 71–99.

296

Gilovich Th., Griffin D., Kahneman D. Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. P. 250–270.

297

Jones P. Ove Arup: Masterbuilder of the Twentieth Century. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006. P. 214.

298

Murray P. The Saga of Sydney Opera House: The Dramatic Story of the Design and Construction of the Icon of Modern Australia. London: Routledge, 2003. P. 56–70.

299

Her Majesty’s Treasury, Green Book. URL: http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/data_greenbook_index.htm

300

Shefrin H. How Psychological Pitfalls Generated the Global Financial Crisis. URL: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1523931; Ubel P. Human Nature and the Financial Crisis // Forbes. February 22, 2009.

301

Weinstein N. D. Unrealistic Optimism About Future Life Events // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 39; 5 (1980). P. 806–20; Weinstein N. D. Unrealistic Optimism About Susceptibility to Health Problems: Conclusions from a Community-wide Sample // Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 10; 5 (1987). P. 481–500.

302

Pronin E., Lin D. Y., Ross L. The Bias Blind Spot: Perceptions of Bias in Self Versus Others // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 28 (2002). P. 369–381.

303

Sharot T. et al. Neural Mechanisms Mediating Optimism Bias // Nature. 450; 7166 (2007). P. 102–105.

304

Puri M., Robinson D. T. Optimism and Economic Choice // Journal of Financial Economics. 86; 1 (2007). P. 71–99; Optimism and Pessimism: Implications for Theory, Research, and Practice. Chang Edward C. (ed.). Washington, D. C.: American Psychological Association, 2000.

305

The New Cognitive Neurosciences. Gazzaniga M. S. (ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 1999. P. 7–22.

306

Phelps E., Phelps A., LeDoux J. E. Contributions of the Amygdala to Emotion Processing: From Animal Models to Human Behavior // Neuron. 48; 2 (2005). P. 175–187. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.09.025

307

Tulving E., Markowitsch H. J. Episodic and Declarative Memory: Role of the Hippocampus // Hippocampus. 8; 3 (1998). P. 198–220.

308

Delgado M. R. Reward-Related Responses in the Human Striatum // Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1104 (2007). P. 70–88.

309

Friston K. The Prophetic Brain // Seed. January 27, 2009. URL: http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/the_prophetic_brain/P

310

Pronin E., Lin D. Y., Ross L. The Bias Blind Spot: Perceptions of Bias in Self Versus Others // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 28 (2002). P. 369–381.

311

Gilbert D. Stumbling on Happiness. New York: Vintage, 2007.

312

Sharot T., Shiner T., Dolan R. Experience and Choice Shape Expected Aversive Outcomes // Journal of Neuroscience. 30; 27 (2010). P. 9209–9215.

313

Friston K. The Prophetic Brain // Seed. January 27, 2009. URL: http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/the_prophetic_brain/P

314

Ibid.

315

Heisler M. The Lives of Riley. New York: Macmillan, 1994.

316

The Big Interview: Matt Hampson // Sunday Times (London). March 12, 2006.

317

Optimism and Pessimism: Implications for Theory, Research, and Practice. Chang Edward C. (ed.). Washington, D. C.: American Psychological Association, 2000.

318

Weinstein N. D. Unrealistic Optimism About Susceptibility to Health Problems: Conclusions from a Community-wide Sample // Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 10; 5 (1987). P. 481–500.

319

Fox E. Ridgewell A. and Ashwin C. Looking on the Bright Side: Biased Attention and the Human Serotonin Transporter Gene // Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 276; 1663 (2009). P. 1747–1751.

320

Ubel P. Human Nature and the Financial Crisis // Forbes. February 22, 2009.

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