Donald M. Berwick, “The Toxicity of Pay for Performance”, Quality Management in Health Care 4, no. 1 (1995), pp. 27–33.

Wasfy et al., “Public Reporting in Cardiovascular Medicine”; Claire Noel-Mill and Keith Lind, “Is Observation Status Substituting for Hospital Readmission?” Health Affairs Blog, October 28, 2015; as well as https://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/Data/30-day-measures.html.