1. The gory details are found in Lactantius, «Of the Manner in Which the Persecutors Died», chapter 44, in Philip Schaff, ed., Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. 7 (1896); and in Zosimus, Historia Nova (1814), book 2.

2. Zosimus, book 2.

3. Lactantius, «On the Manner in Which the Persecutors Died», chapter 49, in Schaff, Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 7.

4. Lactantius, De Mortibus Persecutoram, chapter 45, in University of Pennsylvania, Dept of History: Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of European History, vol. 4: 1 (1897), pp. 28–30.

5. Eusebius, Life of Constantine, 1.41, trans. Averil Cameron and Stuart G. Hall (1999), p. 86.

6. A. A. Vasiliev, History of the Byzantine Empire, 324-1453, vol. 1 (1952), p. 47.

7. Eusebius, Life of Constantine, 4.61; Vasiliev, pp. 48–49.

8. Chris Scarre, Chronicle of the Roman Emperors (1995), p. 215.

9. J. N. D. Kelly, Early Christian Doctrines, rev. ed. (1976), pp. 138–139.

10. Ignatius, Letter to the Ephesians, 7, in Philip Schaff, ed., Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 1 (1867).

11. Kelly, Early Christian Doctrines, p. 141.

12. Ibid., pp. 227–229.

13. Eusebius, Life of Constantine, 2.72.

14. Sozomen, The Ecclesiastical History, 4.16, in Philip Schaff and Henry Wace, eds., A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, second series, Vol. 2 (1892).

15. Vasiliev, p. 54.

16. Vasiliev, p. 53.

17. Sozomen, Ecclesiastical History, 2.3, in Schaff and Wace, vol. 2.

18. Photius, Epitome of the Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius, trans. Edward Walford (1860), 1.9.

19. Vasiliev, p. 59; Sozomen, Ecclesiastical History, 2.4, in Schaff and Wace, vol. 2.

20. Eusebius, Life of Constantine, 3.47.