1. Walter Isaacson, Einstein: The Life of a Genius (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2009), ch. 4 (“lazy dog”); Albrecht Folsing, Albert Einstein: A Biography, tr. Ewald Osers (New York: Penguin, 1997), pp. 77, 95 (“exceedingly thorough,” “depressed”).

2. John Stachel, ed., Einstein’s Miraculous Year: Five Papers That Changed the Face of Physics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998), pp. 177–98; Isaacson, Einstein, pp. 94–101.

3. Interview with Jean Posbic (“explained it all”).

4. Interview with Ernest Moniz.

5. John Perlin, From Space to Earth: The Story of Solar Electricity (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002), p. 18 (Siemens).

6. Albert Einstein, Nobel Prize in Physics, 1921, at /.

7. Perlin, From Space to Earth, pp. 4, 25–26, 31, 202; The New York Times, April 26, 1954 (“almost limitless”); Time, October 17, 1955.

8. Stephen E. Ambrose, Eisenhower: Soldier and President (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984), chs. 18, 19; Deborah Cadbury, Space Race: The Epic Battle Between America and the Soviet Union for Dominion of Space (New York: HarperPerennial, 2006), p. 173 (“Kaputnik”).

9. Perlin, From Space to Earth, pp. 41–44 (“roofs”); John Perlin, “Solar Power: The Slow Revolution,” Invention and Technology 18, no. 1 (2002).

10. Interview with Peter Varadi; Peter Varadi, lecture, 19th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, June 7–11, 2004.

11. Interview with Paul Maycock.

12. Interview with Paul Maycock.

13. Interview with Peter Varadi.

14. Interviews with Naohiro Amaya (“very apprehensive”) and Taichi Sakaiya; Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power (New York, Simon and Schuster, 1991), p. 688 (Ginza).

15. Paul D. Maycock and Edward N. Stirewalt, A Guide to the Photovoltaic Revolution: Sunlight to Electricity in One Step (Emmaus: Rodale, 1985), pp. 67–69.

16. Sanyo Corporation, “Solar Global Site,” at ; Sharp Corporation, “Solar Global Website,” at http://sharp-solar.com/index.html; International Energy Agency, “National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Japan 2002,” May 2003 (“solar roofs”); interview with Atul Arya (“shocked”).

17. Interviews with Jean Posbic, Hermann Scheer, and Anton Milner.

18. Wall Street Journal, October 12, 2006 (“by accident”); Time, October 17, 2007; Bill Powell, “China’s New King of Solar,” Fortune, February 11, 2009.

19. Interview with Shi Zhengrong.

20. Associated Press, September 8, 2009; New York Times, September 9, 2009.

21. European Photovoltaic Industry Association and Greenpeace, Solar Generation 6: Solar Photovoltaic Electricity Empowering the World 2011, .

22. Cleantech Group, “Clean Technology Venture Investment Totaled $ 5.6 billion in 2009 Despite Non-binding Climate Change Accord in Copenhagen, Finds the Cleantech Group and Deloitte,” press release, January 6, 2010; Peachtree Capital Advisors, 2010 Greentech M&A Review, January 12, 2011.

23. Interview with David Carlson.

24. Daniel Clery, “Sending African Sunlight to Europe, Special Delivery,” Science 329, no. 5993 (2010) pp. 782–83 (Desertec); Fortune, July 21, 2008 (land rush).

25. Lawrence Makovich, Patricia DiOrio, and Douglas Giuffre, “Renewable Portfolio Standards: Getting Ahead of Themselves,” IHS CERA, 2008 (another layer); interviews with Paul Maycock and Anton Milner.

26. Interview with Paul Maycock.