II. Человек – человеку: долг
1 David Wessel and Thomas T, Vogel Jr., ‘Arcane World of Bonds is Guide and Beacon to a Eopulist Eresident’, Wall Street Journal’, 25/2/1993. E Ai.
2 Raymond Goldsmith, Premodern Financial Systems (Cambridge, 1987). Ep. 164–169.
3 См.: M. Veseth, Mountains of Debt: Crisis and Change in Renaissance Florence, Victorian Britain and Postwar America (New York / Oxford, 1990).
4 John H. Munro, The Origins of the Modern Financial Revolution: Responses to Impediments from Church and State in Western Europe, 1200–1600’, University of Toronto Working Taper, 2 (6/7/2001). E 7.
5 James Macdonald, A Free Nation Deep in Debt: The Financial Roots of Democracy (New York, 2003). Ep. 8iff.
6 Jean-Claude Hocquet, ‘City-State and Market Economy’, in Richard Bonney (ed.), Economic Systems and State Finance (Oxford, 1995). Ep. 87–91.
7 Jean-Claude Hocquet, ‘Venice’, in Richard Bonney (ed.), The Rise of the Fiscal State in Europe, 1200–1815 (Oxford, 1999). E 395.
8 Frederic C Lane, Venice: A Maritime Republic (Baltimore, 1973). E 323.
9 Idem, ‘Venetian Bankers, 1496–1533: A Study in the Early Stages of Deposit Banking’, Journal of Political Economy, 45, 2 (4/1937). E 197.
10 Munro, ‘Origins of the Modern Financial Revolution’. P 15.
11 Martin Korner, ‘Public Credit’, in Richard Bonney (ed.), Economic Systems and State Finance (Oxford, 1995). Pp. 520, 524. См. также Juan Gelabert, ‘Castile, 1504–1808’, in Richard Bonney (ed.), The Rise of the Fiscal State in Europe, c. 1200–1815 (Oxford, 1999). Pp. 2°8ff.
12 Marjolein ‘t Hart, The United Provinces 1579–1806’, in Richard Bonney (ed.), The Rise of the Fiscal State in Europe, pp. 1200–1815 (Oxford, 1999). Pp. 3iiff.
13 Douglass C. North and Barry R. Weingast, ‘Constitutions and Commitment: The Evolution of Institutions Governing Public Choice in Seventeenth-Century England’, Journal of Economic History, 49, 4 (1989). P 803–832. Классический труд по истории финансовой революции в Британии – Р. G. М. Dickson, The Financial Revolution in England: A Study in the Development of Public Credit, 1688-1/56 (London, 1967).
14 Лучший рассказ о финансовом крахе монархии – это J. F. Bosher, French Finances, 1//0-1/95 (Cambridge, 1970).
15 Larry Neal, The Rise of Financial Capitalism: International Capital Markets in the Age of Reason (Cambridge, 1990).
16 Hansard, New Series, vol. XVIII. Pp.. 540–543.
17 Подробнее см.: Niall Ferguson, The World's Banker: The History of the House of Rothschild (London, 1998). См. также: Herbert H. Kaplan, Nathan Mayer Rothschild and the Creation of a Dynasty: The Critical Years, 1806–1816 (Stanford, 2006).
18 Rothschild Archive, London, xi/109, Nathan Rothschild to his brothers Amschel, Carl and James, 2 January 1816.
19 Rothschild Archive, London, xi/109/2/2/156, Salomon, Paris, to Nathan, London, 29 October 1815.
2 °Cm.: Lord [Victor] Rothschild, The Shadow of a Great Man (London, 1982).
21 Philip Ziegler, The Sixth Great Power: Barings, 1/61-1919 (London, 1988). P 94.
22 Heinrich Heine, Fudwig Borne – ein Denkschrift: Samtliche Schriften, vol. IV (Munich, 1971). P 27.
23 Heinrich Heine, ‘Lutetia’, in Samtliche Schriften, vol. V (Munich, 1971). Pp. 321ft 353-
24 Anon., The Hebrew Talisman (London 1840). Pp. 28ff.
25 Henry Iliowzi, ‘In the Pale’/ Stories and Legends of the Russian Jews (Philadelphia, 1897).
26 Richard McGregor, ‘Chinese Buy into Conspiracy Theory’, Financial Times, 26/9/2007.
27 Marc Flandreau and Juan H. Flores, ‘Bonds and Brands: Lessons from the 1820s’, Center for Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper, 6420 (8/2007).
28 Все размещения облигаций, прошедшие не без участия Ротшильдов, перечислены в работе: J. Ayer, A Century of Finance, 1804 to 1904: The London House of Rothschild (London, 1904). Pp. 14–42.
29. Про Амстердам можно многое узнать из следующей работы: James С Riley, International Government Finance and the Amsterdam Capital Market (Cambridge, 1980). Pp. 119–194.
30 Niall Ferguson, The first «Eurobonds»: The Rothschilds and the Financing of the Holy Alliance, 1818–1822’, in William N. Goetz-mann and K. Geert Rouwenhorst (eds.), The Origins of Value: The Financial Innovations that Created Modern Capital Markets (Oxford, 2005). Pp. 311–323.
31 Johann Heinrich Bender, Uher den Verkehr mit Staatspapieren in seinen Hauptrichtungen… Als Beylageheft гит Archiv fur die Civilist[ische] Praxis, vol. viii (Heidelberg, 1825). Pp. 6ff.
32 Heine, Ludwig Borne. P. 28.
33 Alfred Rubens, Anglo-Jewish Portraits (London, 1935). P 299.
34 The Times, 15/1/1821.
35 Bertrand Gille, Histoire de la Maison Rothschild, vol. 1: Des origines a 1848 (Geneva, 1965). P 487.
36 Richard Hofstadter, The Age of Reform from Bryan to F.D.R. (London, 1962). Pp. 75ff.
37 Hermann Furst Puckler, Briefe eines Verstorhenen, ed. Heinz Ohff (Kupfergraben, 1986). P. 7.
38 J. A. Hobson, Imperialism: A Study (London, 1902), Part 1, ch. 4.
39 См., например: Douglas B. Ball, Financial Failure and Confederate Defeat (Urbana, 1991).
40 Irving Katz, August Belmont: A Political Biography (New York, 1968), особенно стр. 96–99.
41 S. Diamond (ed.), A Casual View of America: The Home Letters of Salomon de Rothschild, 1859–1861 (London, 1962).
42 Cm.: Rudolf Glanz, The Rothschild Legend in America’, Jewish Social Studies, 19 (1957). Pp. 3-28.
43 Marc D. Weidenmier, The Market for Confederate Cotton Bonds’, Explorations in Economic History, 37 (2000). Pp. 76–97. См. его же работу: Turning Points in the U.S. Civil War: Views from the Grayback Market’, Southern Economic Journal, 68, 4 (2002). Pp. 875–890.
44 Cm.: W O. Henderson, The Lancashire Cotton Famine: 1861–1865 (Manchester, 1934); Thomas Ellison, The Cotton Trade of Great Britain (NewYork, 1968 [1886]).
45 Marc D. Weidenmier, ‘Comrades in Bonds: The Subsidized Sale of Confederate War Debt to British Leaders’, Claremont McKenna College Working Paper (2/2003).
46 Richard Roberts, Schroders: Merchants and Bankers (Basingstoke, 1992). P. 66.
47 Richard С. K. Burdekin and Marc D. Weidenmier, ‘Inflation is Always and Everywhere a Monetary Phenomenon: Richmond vs. Houston in 1864’, American Economic Review, 91, 5 (12/2001). Pp. 1621–1630.
48 Richard Burdekin and Marc Weidenmier, ‘Suppressing Asset Price Inflation: The Confederate Experience, 1861–1865’, Economic Inquiry, 41, 3 (7/2003), 420–432. Cm.: Eugene M. Lerner, ‘Money, Prices and Wages in the Confederacy, 1861–1865’, Journal of Political Economy, 63, 1 (2/1955). Pp– 20–40.
49 Frank Griffith Dawson, The First Latin American Debt Crisis (London, 1990).
50 Kris James Mitchener and Marc Weidenmier, ‘Supersanctions and Sovereign Debt Repayment’, NBER Working Paper 11472 (2005).
51 Niall Ferguson and Moritz Schularick, The Empire Effect: The Determinants of Country Risk in the First Age of Globalization, 1880–1913 \ Journal of Economic History, 66, 2 (6/2006). Pp. 283–312.
52 Kris James Mitchener and Marc Weidenmier, ‘Empire, Public Goods, and the Roosevelt Corollary’, Journal of Economic History, 65 (2005). Pp. 658–692.
53 William Cobbett, Rural Rides (London, 1985 [1830]). Pp. 117.
54 Ibid., pp. 34, 53.
55 M. de Cecco, Money and Empire: The International Gold Standard, 1890–1914 (Oxford, 1973).
56 Theo Balderston, ‘War Finance and Inflation in Britain and Germany, 1914–1918’, Economic History Review, 42, 2 (5/1989). Pp. 222–244.
57 Подсчитано с использованием В. R. Mitchell, International Historical Statistics: Europe, 1750-199} (London, 1998. Pp. 358ff.
58 Jay Winter and Jean-Louis Robert (eds.), Capital Cities at War: Paris, London, Berlin 1914–1919, Studies in the Social and Cultural History of Modern Warfare, No. 2 (Cambridge, 1997). P. 259.
59 Gerald D. Feldman, The Great Disorder: Politics, Economy and Society in the German Inflation, 1914–1924 (Oxford / New York, 1997). Pp. 211–254.
60 Elias Canetti, Crowds and Power (New York, 1988). P 186.
61 John Maynard Keynes, A Tract on Monetary Reform, reprinted in Collected Writings, vol. iv (Cambridge, 1971). Pp. 3, 29, 36.
62 John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace (London, 1919). Pp. 220–233.
63 Frank Whitson Fetter, ‘Lenin, Keynes and Inflation’, Economica, 44, 173 (2/1977). P 78.
64 William C. Smith, ‘Democracy, Distributional Conflicts and Macroeconomic Policymaking in Argentina, 1983–1989’, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 32, 2 (Summer 1990)/ Pp. 1-42. См. также: Rafael Di Telia and Ingrid Vogel, ‘The Argentine Paradox: Economic Growth and Populist Tradition’, Harvard Business School Case 9-702-001 (2001).
65 Ferguson, World's Banker, ch. 27.
66 Подробнее об этом см.: Gerardo della Paolera and Alan M. Taylor, Straining at the Anchor: The Argentine Currency Board and the Search for Macroeconomic Stability, 1880–1935 (Chicago, 2001).
67 ‘A Victory by Default’, Economist, 3/3/2005.
68 Недавно эта тема обсуждалась в работе: Michael Tomz, Reputation and International Cooperation: Sovereign Debt across Three Centuries (Princeton, 2007).
69 “Великая инфляция” обсуждается сразу в нескольких работах: Fabrice Collard and Harris Delias, ‘The Great Inflation of the 1970s’, Working Paper (1/10/2003); Edward Nelson, ‘The Great Inflation of the Seventies: What Really Happened?’, Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Working Paper, 2004-001 (1/2004); Allan H. Meltzer, ‘Origins of the Great Inflation’, Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Review, Part 2 (3–4/2005). Pp. 145-175-
70 Эти одиннадцать рынков – Австралия, Канада, Франция, Германия, Гонконг, Ирландия, Япония, Нидерланды, Швейцария, Великобритания и США. См. Watson Wyatt, ‘Global Pension Fund Assets Rise and Fall’: http://www.watsonwyatt.com/news/press. aspUD = 18579.
71 CNN, 9/7/2000.
72 Testimony of Chairman Alan Greenspan, Federal Reserve Board’s semiannual Monetary Policy Report to the Congress, before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, US Senate, 16/2/2005.
