Janet L. Nelson, King and Emperor: A New Life of Charlemagne (Oakland: University of California Press, 2019), 384–385.
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Nelson, King and Emperor; Rosamond McKitterick, Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2008); Jennifer R. Davis, Charlemagne’s Practice of Empire (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2015).
