См., например: Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way (2002). “The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism”, Journal of Democracy 13, no. 2 (2005): 51–65.

Michael Coppedge, John Gerring, Staffan I. Lindberg, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jan Teorell, David Altman, Frida Andersson, Michael Bernhard, M. Steven Fish, Adam Glynn, Allen Hicken, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Kelly McMann, Valeriya Mechkova, Farhad Miri, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Rachel Sigman, Jeffrey Staton and Brigitte Zimmerman (2016), Varieties of Democracy (VDem) Codebook v6.