Интересное обсуждение этого вопроса см.: Simeon Nichter. “Vote Buying or Turnout Buying? Machine Politics and the Secret Ballot”, American Political Science Review 102, no. 1 (2008) 19–31; Susan C. Stokes. “Perverse Accountability: A Formal Model of Machine Politics with Evidence from Argentina”, American Political Science Review 99, no. 3 (2005) 315–25.
