Michael R. Marrus and Robert O. Paxton, Vichy France and the Jews (New York, 1981), 23-72; Paula Hyman, From Dreyfus to Vichy: The Remaking of French Jewry, 1906—1939 (New York, 1979) and Pierre Birnbaum, Anti-semitism in France: A Political History from Leon Blum to the Present (Oxford, 1992 [1988]).