Bosworth, Mussolini’s Italy, 498-530.

Primo Levi, If This Is a Man (London, 1957 [1948]).

Frank Snowden, ‘Latina Province 1944—1950’, Journal of Contemporary History, 43/3 (2008), 509-526; Päul Weindling, Epidemics and Genocide in Eastern Europe, 1890—1945 (Oxford, 2000), 2-3, 76-79, 376-378; Michael H. Kater, Doctors under Hitler (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1989).