Fritz Fischer, Germany's Aims in the First World War (London, 1967 [1961]), passim.
157
Bullitt Lowry, Armistice 1918 (Kent, Ohio, 1996); Hugh Cecil and Peter Liddle (eds.), At the Eleventh Hour: Reflections, Hopes and Anxieties at the Closing of the Great War, 1918 (Barnsley, 1998).