Gertrud Pfister, ‘The Role of German Turners in American Physical Education’, in Pfister (ed.), Gymnastics, a transatlantic movement (Abingdon, 2011); Gerald Gems ‘The German Turners and the Taming of Radicalism in Chicago’, in Pfister (ed.); Gerald Gems, Windy City Wars: labor, leisure, and sport in the making of Chicago (Lanham, 1997).
