Donald L. Miller, City of the Century: the epic of Chicago and the making of America (NY, 1996), p. 217.

Frederic Trautmann, ‘Arthur Holitischer’s Chicago: a German traveler’s view of an American city’, Chicago History, 12:2 (Summer 1983), 42; Miller, p. 493; Simon Gunn, ‘The Middle Class, Modernity and the Provincial City: Manchester c.1840–80’, in Alan Kidd and David Nicholls (eds.), Gender, Civic Culture and Consumerism: middle-class identity in Britain 1800–1940 (Manchester, 1999), pp. 112–13ff.