Markman Ellis, The Coffee-House: a cultural history (London, 2004), pp. 7–8.

Ibid., pp. 29–32; U. Kömecoglu, ‘The Publicness and Sociabilities in the Ottoman Coffee house’, The Public, 12:2 (2005), 5–22; A. Caksu, ‘Janissary Coffee houses in Late Eighteenth-Century Istanbul’, in Dana Sajdi (ed.), Ottoman Tulips, Ottoman Coffee: leisure and lifestyle in the eighteenth century (London, 2007), p. 117.