W. Scott Haine, ‘“Café Friend”: friendship and fraternity in Parisian working-class cafés, 1850–1914’, Journal of Contemporary History, 27:4 (October 1992), pp. 607–26; W. Scott Haine, The World of the Paris Café: sociability among the French working class, 1789–1914 (Baltimore, 1998), p. 1, 9; Barbara Stern Shapiro and Anne E. Havinga, Pleasures of Paris: from Daumier to Picasso (Boston, MA, 1991), p. 123.
