Ахмелвих
Пока я записывал эти последние мысли, моя небольшая группа решила вернуться в Шотландию, на побережье в районе Лох-Ассинта и Лохинвера. У меня в памяти навсегда остался небольшой залив Ахмелвих, который позволил мне связать все вышеизложенное воедино. Когда мы приехали туда, море было спокойным. Отлив обнажил пляж с белым песком. В прозрачной воде колыхались, подобно косяку пьяных русалок, бурые водоросли, каждая размером с иву.
Рис. 22. Иллюстрация биологического переворота в поверхностном слое (около 10 см) морского дна. Он начался около 630 млн лет назад (слева), продолжился в эдиакарском периоде (центр) и завершился около 540 млн лет назад, в кембрии (справа). Айсберг с падающими камнями (вверху слева) обозначает криогений. Справа, в кембрии, мы наблюдаем появление животных со скелетом, в т. ч. червей со скелетами-трубками, археоциат и трилобитов. Тогда же началось глубокое вентилирование дна. “Цирк червей” и появление скелетных структур полностью изменили химический состав дна. В докембрии быстрое накопление минералов на дне приводило к довольно эффективному “бальзамированию” клеток и тканей, принадлежащих, например, эдиакарским организмам. После кембрийского взрыва постоянное перемешивание донных отложений закрыло это окно, позволяющее наблюдать за жизнью организмов. С другой стороны, сохранность докембрийских окаменелостей оказалась лучше, чем мечталось Дарвину.
Залива Ахмелвих слегка касается Гольфстрим. Остатки теплых тропических вод ласкают берега, обрамленные древними утесами из кристаллических льюисских гнейсов. К северу от залива лежат скалы из желтовато-коричневого и шоколадного песчаника: это бывшие берега озера Жизни, оставившего нам сокровища в фосфоритных слоях и глинистых сланцах. Западнее виднеются горы со следами в виде трубочек.
Я встал на колени, чтобы рассмотреть в увеличительное стекло горсть белого песка. Взгляду предстали мириады крошечных раковин, точно таких же, какие я видел когда-то на Барбуде: остатки кораллиновых водорослей, фораминифер, губок, моллюсков и морских ежей. Похоже на эхо кембрийского взрыва. А еще это было напоминание о тех, с кем я столкнулся, пытаясь разгадать загадку: о Хью Миллере, Джоне Солтере, Роберте Фицрое, Уильяме Карпентере, Кросби Мэтьюсе и многих других.
По всему берегу валяются обломки торридонских песчаников – это остатки русел древних (старше 1 млрд лет) рек. А в булыжниках укрыта кварцевая галька, которая гремела в потоке после того, как 2 млрд лет назад ее вымыло из яшмовых скал. А в гальке можно отыскать микроскопические окаменелости, принадлежащие миру, который исчез еще раньше.
Но эту историю отложим до другого раза.
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