INDEX

The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. To find the corresponding locations in the text of this digital version, please use the “search” function on your e-reader. Note that not all terms may be searchable. Additionally, page numbers in italics indicate photographs and illustrations.

air raid drills and shelters, 17, 38, 72, 85, 100

Akahoshi Masazumi, 290

Akizuki Sugako, 243, 270–71

Akizuki Tatsuichiro, 175

and accounts of bombing, 76–78, 80

and burial of bomb victims, 86

death, 291

and Japanese surrender, 95

and NASM exhibit controversy, 265, 267

and orphans from bombing, 134

and peace activism, 241–42, 242–45, 247, 249, 251, 253, 270–71

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 88–89, 91, 141, 172–76

and radiation illness victims, 98–99, 102–3

and U.S. occupation of Japan, 118

Alamogordo, New Mexico, 29, 113

American Red Cross, 121

Anami Korechika, 35, 65, 92, 94

Araki Shizue, 81

Archdiocese of Nagasaki, 232

Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), 186, 239

Asahi Graph, 195–96, 236, 240

Asahi Shimbun, 89

Ashworth, Fred, 38

Association for the Restoration of the Atomic-Bombed Matsuyama-machi Neighborhood, 241

Atlantic Monthly, 151, 152

Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC)

and autopsies, 185–86, 189, 239–40

and care-vs.-research controversy, 182–85

and censorship restrictions, 195

and Do-oh Mineko, 180–81, 182–83, 193–94

and effects of radiation exposure, 206

and exhibits on bombings, 278

and Lucky Dragon No. 5 (fishing vessel), 211

and NASM exhibit controversy, 266

and ongoing studies, 192–93

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 203

and radiation dosimetry, 223

and research on hibakusha, 180–82, 220, 227

and Wada Koichi, 193

and Yamazaki’s advocacy for hibakusha, 186–92

Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, 289, 290

atomic bomb effects, awareness of, 264–65, 277–78, 280

Atomic Bomb Victims Medical Care Law, 221

Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 186, 189, 211

atomic explosion, 41–42, 44

Atomic Field, 120, 123

Atomized Nagasaki (Yamahata), 195

autopsies

and ABCC research, 185–86, 189

and effects of radiation exposure, 103–5, 112, 177, 289

and specimens returned to Japan, 236, 239–40

and U.S. occupation of Japan, 148

B-29 bombers, 28, 32, 38, 62, 67, 92, 247

Barnouw, Erik, 238

Beahan, Kermit, 39, 45

Bells of Nagasaki, The (Nagai), 147, 169, 170, 171

Bikini Atoll, 210

blast damage, 41–43, 46–48, 50, 69–71, 87

Bockscar (bomber), 32, 34, 38–39, 44

Bohlmann, Rudi, 116

Book-of-the-Month Club, 150

Britain, 2, 66, 215

Buddhism

and Akizuki, 175–76

and cremation of bomb victims, 86

and modern Nagasaki, 273

and orphans from bombing, 134

and peace activism, 258

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 172–73

and remembrance of hibakusha, 292–93

and services for victims, 158

temples on day of bombing, 52

tomuraiage rite, 261

Bundy, McGeorge, 153

Burchett, Wilfred, 111–12

Burnt Yet Undaunted (Yamaguchi), 278

Bushido code, 94

Byrnes, James, 91, 152

cancers of bomb survivors

and ABCC research, 192–93

and censorship, 151

and effects of radiation exposure, 177–78, 290

and leukemia, 173, 177, 219, 221, 245, 260

and long-term health of hibakusha, 219, 281, 291, 292

and peace activism, 245, 255, 260, 261

cataracts, 176–77

Catholicism in Nagasaki

and Akizuki, 175–76

and casualties of bombing, 94–95

Catholic casualties of bombing, 47

churches destroyed by bomb, 61

Feast of the Assumption, 36

and First Urakami Hospital, 76

and memorial services, 128

and modern Nagasaki, 274, 275–76

and Nagasaki’s background, 1, 3–4

Nishinaka-machi Catholic Church, 4

and orphans from bombing, 134

papal visit to Nagasaki, 250–51

and peace activism, 244, 250–51

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 88–89, 159, 169–70, 170–72, 174–75, 199, 231–32

and U.S. occupation of Japan, 147

censorship

and nuclear weapons development, 148–53

and personal commemorations, 162

and reclamation of wartime footage, 237–38

and research on bomb effects, 188, 195–97

and school textbooks, 244

and survivors’ stories, 158

and U.S. occupation of Japan, 109–13, 169, 198

Ceremony to Pray for Peace, 198

Chernobyl nuclear accident, 290–91

Chicago Tribune, 110

Children of the Atomic Bomb (Yamazaki), 278

child victims of bombings, 47–48, 51, 52, 55–56, 68, 69–70, 85, 95, 114, 128, 132, 177, 188–90, 290. See also in-utero radiation exposure

China

and international arms reduction efforts, 284

international treaties regulating nuclear weapons, 249

and Japanese militarism, 5–6, 27

and Japanese surrender negotiations, 66

Japan’s invasion of, 10

and Pacific War, 287

Chinzei Middle School, 48, 72

Christianity in Japan, 2, 86, 169–70, 172

citizenship issues in Japan, 225

Civil Censorship Detachment (CCD), 145–48

civil defense

and ABCC research, 185

and nuclear weapons development, 112, 149, 181, 246, 265

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 75, 87

and wartime Nagasaki, 16–19, 18

Cold War, 197, 249, 264–65, 267

comfort women, 267

Compton, Karl T., 151

Concentric Circles of Death (Akizuki), 245

Confederate Air Force, 246–47

Constitution of Japan, 145

conventional bombing, 19, 27, 67, 92, 131

Convent of the Holy Cross, 88–89

Cousins, Norman, 150, 156, 184

cremation of bomb victims

and peace activism, 261–62, 280

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 95, 97, 98, 126, 129, 162

and rescue efforts after bombing, 81, 83–84, 86

Crouch, Tom, 266

Customs House, 118

Daghlian, Harry, 109

Daigo Fukuryu Maru (fishing vessel), 210–12

Daiichi Nisshin Maru, 141

Daily Express (London), 111

Day After, The (1983), 264–65

Dejima island, 9, 118, 274

Delnore, Victor, 158, 159, 169

demilitarization and disarmament, 133, 194–95, 247–48, 283

democratic reforms, 91–92, 145

Dendenkousha (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation), 226–27

discrimination against hibakusha, xvii, 179–80, 181–82, 224, 288

“Disease X,” 111

Do-oh Mineko, 24, 230

and ABCC research, 182–83, 193

and accounts of bombing, 39, 42–43, 48, 50, 50–52, 60–61, 63, 208

and beginning of U.S. occupation of Japan, 96–97

and care of bomb victims, 121–22

and cosmetics career, 202, 228–31

death of, 291–94

family background of, 21–23

injuries from bombing, 85, 89

interviews with, xiv

and Japanese surrender, 95

later years of, 281–83, 282

and long-term health problems, 281–83

and peace activism, 237, 252, 256–61, 263, 271, 272, 277, 282, 289

physical recovery of, 180–81, 201–2

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 136, 139, 228–31

presumed dead, 128

and public awareness efforts, xvii

suicidal thoughts, 160–61

and wartime Nagasaki, 25, 27–28

dosimetry systems, 222–23, 289

Dower, John W., 12, 144, 264

Dutch East India Company, 274

economy of Nagasaki

and modern Nagasaki, 246

and Nagasaki’s background, 1–2

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 137–40, 194, 198, 203, 245–46

and U.S. occupation of Japan, 144

education, 128, 141, 145

Einstein, Albert, 150

Eisenhower, Dwight, 266

embargoes of Japan, 11–12

employment of bomb victims, 179–80, 182, 227

Enola Gay (bomber), 247, 263–64, 268

ethical debates on nuclear weapons, 149, 264, 283

evacuations, 25, 31, 55

explosive force of atomic weapons, xiii

Farrell, Thomas, 111–12, 113

fashion industry, 202–3, 228

Fat Man, 31–32, 286–87

films

and accounts of bombing, 34

and censorship, 110, 112, 146

and exhibits on bombings, 278

and lifting of censorship restrictions, 195

and peace activism, 236, 237–39, 241, 246, 247–48, 270, 286

and peace education programs, 295

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 171

and U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, 131–33

See also photography

firebombing. See incendiary attacks

fires after atomic bombing, 55–56, 56–58, 63–64, 67

First Urakami Hospital, 76, 77, 134, 174–75

First World Conference Against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs, 212

fission process, 41

509th Composite Group, 32

food shortages and rationing

and ABCC research, 191

and accounts of bombing, 36, 61, 75

and family gardens, 34

and malnutrition, 26, 126, 138, 190

and orphans from bombing, 135

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 100, 126, 128, 137–40, 140–41, 164

and radiation illness victims, 97

and rescue efforts after bombing, 82, 85–86

and U.S. occupation of Japan, 146

and wartime Nagasaki, 19, 20–23, 26

forced labor, 133, 275

Foreign Ministry (Japan), 66

“Forgotten Ground Zero, The” (Krakauer), 269

Forrestal, James, 66–67

France, 2, 249, 284

Frankfurter, Felix, 151

Fuchi Elementary School, 127

Fukahori Yoshitoshi, 242, 288

Fukushima nuclear accident, 291

funeral pyres, 83–84

gaman, 273

gender roles in Japanese culture, 21, 145, 204

genetic damage from radiation exposure, 190–91, 206, 289–90

Glover, Thomas, 274

Glover Garden, 274

Glynn, Paul, 171–72

Groves, Leslie, 108–9, 113, 120

Halsey, William F., 150

Hanshin-Awaji earthquake, 277

Harper’s Magazine, 152, 153

Harwit, Martin, 265, 268

Hattori Michie, 119

Hayashida Mitsuhiro, 294–95

Hayashi Shigeo, 120

Hayashi Tsue, 162

health care laws, 219–25, 225–27, 248, 299–301

health conditions, chronic, 176–79

Herndon, Dell, 268

Hersey, John, xiii, 150, 197

Heyman, I. Michael, 268, 269

hibakusha (atomic bomb–affected people)

and ABCC research, 186–92, 192–93

and censorship, 149–50

and commemorations of bombing, 200–201, 203–6, 292–95

current population of, xiii–xv

discrimination against, 179, 228, 229

and effects of radiation exposure, 289–91

health care laws, 299–301

and housing lotteries, 168

and international arms reduction efforts, 283–84

interviews with, xvi

introduction of term, 130

long-term health issues, 153, 157–58, 218–25, 235

and modern Nagasaki, 276–77

and NASM exhibit controversy, 263–69

and orphans from bombing, 134

and peace activism, 209, 211–15, 216, 225–27, 236–45, 245–48, 251–53, 252, 258–60, 271–72, 287–88, 295–96

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 138–41, 143, 159, 161, 164, 170–71, 173, 176–77, 207–8, 231–33

poverty of, 85–86, 100, 126, 133–36, 138–39, 140–41, 164, 179, 245

and public awareness efforts, xvii

and remembrance organizations, 198

and research on bomb effects, 180–82, 182–85

and Treaty of Peace, 194–97

and U.S. occupation of Japan, 146–48

and U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, 132

and Yamazaki’s advocacy, 186–92

See also specific individuals

Hibakusha Relief Law, 299–300

Higashi Jun, 68, 71, 196

Hill of Grace Nagasaki A-Bomb Home, 251

Hirohito Michinomiya

and military aggression, 4–5

and NASM exhibit controversy, 268

and surrender negotiations, 29, 35, 66, 91–94

and Treaty of Peace, 194

and U.S. occupation of Japan, 144

Hirose Masahito, 213, 214

Hiroshima (Hersey), xiii, 150, 197

Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Physical, Medical, and Social Effects of the Atomic Bombings (report), 247

Hiroshima bombing, 30–31, 53, 66

Hiroshima-Nagasaki, August 1945 (1970), 238

Hiroshima Peace Memorial City Construction Law, 169

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Hall, 212

Hobo, 244

Honshu island, 27, 228

Horne, Herbert, 121

hospital ships, 116

Hotarujaya Terminal, 7–8, 39, 43, 55–56, 63, 143

housing shortages and reconstruction, 164, 168–69, 173

human rights, 145

hydrogen bombs, 209–10

hypocenter of bomb blast

and ABCC research, 183, 188

and accounts of bombing, 67–68, 70, 72, 72, 76, 78

aerial view of, 90

bomb shelters near, 206

bomb victims at, 79

casualties at, 50

and commemorations of bombing, 198–201, 203, 231

and effects of radiation exposure, 97, 100, 112, 136, 176–77, 223–24

extent of bomb damage, 45, 47–48, 50, 52, 55, 56–57, 58–59, 60, 61, 63, 101, 186

first marker at, 302

and long-term health issues, 219

and modern Nagasaki, 275–77, 288, 297

and Nagasaki National Peace Memorial, 293

and peace activism, 226, 240–42, 251, 253

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 88, 101, 141, 143, 168, 170

and rescue efforts after bombing, 83, 84

and temporary shelter, 135

and U.S. occupation of Japan, 120

Hypocenter Park, 240–41, 253–54, 275

Ikasarete ikite [Allowed to Live, I Live] (Do-oh), 294

Imperial Edict Day, 13–14

Imperial Japanese Army and Navy, 94

incendiary attacks, 19, 24–26, 29, 92, 245

industrial power of Japan, 5, 10, 13–14, 138

infant radiation exposure, 135–36, 177

infrastructure of Nagasaki, 3, 87–88, 127, 134, 138, 141, 168, 231–35

International NGO Conference on Disarmament, 248

International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, 265, 271

International Red Cross, 121

international relations of prewar Japan, 1–2, 3

International X-Ray and Radium Protection Committee, 107

internment of Japanese Americans, 12, 186

in-utero radiation exposure

and ABCC research, 189–90, 193, 239

and long-term radiation effects, 245–46

and medical care laws, 221

and microcephaly, 177

and radiation effects on newborns, 135–36

Ishida Masako, 147, 158, 169

Iwakura Tsutomu, 238

Iyonaga Yasumasa, 105

Japan Confederation of A- and H-Bomb Sufferers Organizations (Nihon Hidankyo), 213

Japanese Cabinet, 26, 91

Japanese Home Ministry, 118

Japanese Imperial Army Air Forces, 5

Japanese Ministry of Education, 11

Japanese National Railway, 37

Japan 1945 (O’Donnell), 278

Japanese Red Cross Society, 87, 195, 220

Japan Telecommunication Workers’ Union, 215

John Paul II, pope, 250–51

Josei Girls’ High School, 102

Junshin Girls’ High School, 161–62

justifications for use of atomic weapons, xvi, 148–53, 149

kaimyo (posthumous names), 293

kaiten (suicide torpedoes), 27

kamikaze corps, 15

kamishibai, 294–96

Kanazawa Etsuko. See Nagano Etsuko

kataribe movement, 270–72, 277, 280, 282–83, 288, 296–97

Katsuyama Elementary School, 46

Kawanami Shipyard, 27

Kawatana Kyosai Hospital, 100

Keiho Girls’ High School, 22–23

keloid scars, 157, 160, 252, 252, 299–300, 300

Kim Masako, 225

Kitamura Seibo, 200

kodo (Imperial Way), 5, 6

kokutai, 5, 6, 66, 91, 92

Korean population of Japan

and aftermath of bombing, 80

and casualties of bombing, 130

and civil defense, 37

and forced labor, 13, 133, 275

and militarism of Japan, 3

and Nagasaki Testimonial Society, 245

and prisoners, 47

and survivors’ health care, 224–25

and Yamazato-machi Recollection Committee, 242

Korean War, 195, 198

Krakauer, Jon, 268–69

Kuboyama Aikichi, 211

Kyuma Hisako, 81

Kyushu island, 1, 27, 29, 76

Laurence, William L., 44

League of Nations, 5

legacy campaigns, 296

leukemia, 173, 177, 219, 221, 245, 260

Licensed Agencies for Relief in Asia (LARA), 140

Life, 195–96, 197

Life Span Study, 192–93

Lifton, Robert Jay, 157

Lindee, M. Susan, 191

Little Boy, 30

Living Beneath the Atomic Cloud (Nagai), 162

Los Alamos, New Mexico, 107, 109

Lucky Dragon No. 5 (fishing vessel), 210–12

Lynch, Keith, 117

MacArthur, Douglas, 109–10, 144, 145, 169

McGovern, Daniel, 132

Maehata Hideko, 10

Manchuria, 5, 27, 32, 35, 92

Manhattan Project, 28, 44, 107, 109

Manila, Philippines, 147

marriage for hibakusha, 233–34

Marshall Islands, 210, 211

Martyrs’ Hill, 251

Maruyama district, 7

Masako taorezu [Masako Did Not Die] (Ishida), 147, 158

Matsuo Ranko, 271–72, 283, 289

Matsuyama-machi, 241

Matsuyama Yukari (Wada Koichi’s granddaughter), 296

Matsuzoe Hiroshi, 259–60, 294

media access, 149, 196–97

medical aid and relief, 54, 55–56, 121–22, 182–85. See also specific hospitals

medical records of bomb victims

and ABCC research, 182, 186

and antinuclear activism, 290

and autopsies, 104–5

and cremation of bomb victims, 88

and effects of radiation exposure, 177–78

and hibakusha activism, 225–27, 236, 240

and personal accounts of bomb victims, 222

and Taniguchi’s efforts, 154–55

U.S. confiscation of, 112, 148, 227

medical research, 148, 181, 182–85. See also scientific research on bomb effects

Megumi no Oka (Hill of Grace Nagasaki A-Bomb Home), 251

Memorial Day for the Restoration of Peace, 146

memorials, 198, 212, 240–42, 253, 295–96

Memorial Service for the Atomic Bomb Victims, 198

Miake Kenji, 88

Michino-o Station, 78

microcephaly, 177, 178, 190, 226

militarism of Japan, 5, 10–12, 13–14, 23

Ministry of Education (Tokyo), 120

Ministry of Home Affairs, 89

Mitsubishi Arms Factory Ohashi Plant

and accounts of bombing, 42–43, 50, 50, 53, 58, 60, 72, 208

and modern Nagasaki, 274

and peace activism, 214

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 143

and wartime Nagasaki, 23

Mitsubishi Athletic Field, 90

Mitsubishi Electric, 16, 57, 86

Mitsubishi Shipyard and Machinery Works

and Nagasaki’s background, 4

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 127, 141, 199

postwar role of, 138

and wartime Nagasaki, 9, 11, 27

Miyajima Takeshi

and care of Do-oh Mineko, 61, 63, 97, 121–22, 136

Matsuzoe Hiroshi’s painting of, 259

Mizuta Hisako. See Wada Hisako

Mortality Detection Network, 185–86

Motohara Hill, 76, 102

Motoshima Hitoshi, 258–59, 268

Mou, iya da! [We’ve Had Enough!] (testimony collection), 232

Mount Inasa, 274

Mount Kinugasa, 58

Mount Kompira, 38, 74, 275

Mount Tohakkei, 45

mugamuchu, 72

Murai, Sugako, 174

Murayama Tomiichi, 268

Museum of Modern Art, New York, 238

Muste, A. J., 148–49

Nagai Kayano, 128, 147, 244

Nagai Takashi, 128, 170, 171–72, 172

Nagano Etsuko, 17, 115

and accounts of bombing, 38, 39, 43, 45–47, 57–58, 63, 68, 72–75, 80

brother’s death, 80

and commemorations of bombing, 200

and effects of radiation exposure, 113–15

father’s death, 177–78

interviews with, xiv

and Japanese surrender, 95

later years of, 279–81, 296–98, 298

marriage, 207–8

mother’s death, 263

and peace activism, 214, 237, 252, 261–63, 262, 272, 277, 279–81, 289, 295

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 85, 127, 136–38, 138–39, 168–69

and public awareness efforts, xvii

reconciliation with mother, 263

and rescue efforts after bombing, 87

search for employment, 179

sister’s death, 114

suicidal thoughts, 160

and wartime Nagasaki, 16–21

Nagano Kuniko, 115

and accounts of bombing, 73–74

burial place of, 297–98

and commemorations of bombing, 200

death of, 137

and effects of radiation exposure, 113–15

and Nagano Etsuko’s activism, 280

and wartime Nagasaki, 16, 20

Nagano Seiji, 115

and accounts of bombing, 73–75, 80

burial place, 297–98

and commemorations of bombing, 200

death of, 137

and Nagano Etsuko’s activism, 280

and wartime Nagasaki, 16–17, 20

Nagano Shina, 297

Nagano Wakamatsu, 31, 53–55, 65, 67, 75

Nagasaki A-Bomb Home, 251

“Nagasaki Atomic Bomb and Its Influences, The” (class), 259

Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Hospital, 220, 290

Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum

author’s experience, xi,

described, 275, 288

and NASM exhibit controversy, 267

and peace activism, 246, 247, 272, 286

and peace education programs, 283, 294, 295–96

Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Survivors Council (Hisaikyo), 220–21, 299, 300

Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Youth Association, 215, 232, 244, 255

Nagasaki Bay, 88, 115–16, 124, 273

Nagasaki Bombing: A Surviving Doctor’s Testimony, The (Akizuki), 243

Nagasaki City Atomic Bomb Records Preservation Committee, 198

Nagasaki City Hall, 199

Nagasaki Commercial School, 70

Nagasaki Foundation for the Promotion of Peace (NFPP)

and kataribe presentations, 277, 283

and peace activism, 253, 255, 259–60, 262–63, 269–72, 286, 289

and peace education programs, 295–96

Nagasaki genbaku ki: Hibaku ishi no shogen (Akizuki), 243

Nagasaki genbaku sensaishi [Records of the Nagasaki Atomic Bombing and Wartime Damage], 247

Nagasaki Harbor, 4, 199

Nagasaki International Culture City Construction Law, 169

Nagasaki International Culture Hall, 200

Nagasaki Medical College

and ABCC research, 188

and accounts of bombing, 37, 42, 47, 53–55, 56

and aerial views of Nagasaki, 90

and care of bomb victims, 121, 124

extent of bomb damage, 81

and Japanese surrender, 95

and Nagasaki’s background, 3

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 141, 142, 143, 160

and radiation illness victims, 99–100

and reports of Hiroshima bombing, 31

and U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, 131

and wartime Nagasaki, 15, 25, 27

Nagasaki Military Government Team (NMGT), 158, 169

Nagasaki National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims, 275, 293–94

Nagasaki no kane (Nagai), 147, 169, 170, 171

Nagasaki no shogen (Nagasaki Testimonial Society), 244

Nagasaki Peace Park, 203, 258–59, 275, 299

Nagasaki Peace Statue, 200–201, 203, 259, 299

Nagasaki Prefecture

and accounts of bombing, 67, 75–76

Catholic population of, 274

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 87–88

and radiation effects, 100

and responses to bombing, 53–54

Nagasaki Prefecture Technical School, 35

Nagasaki Prison, 47, 70

Nagasaki Shimbun Company, 31

Nagasaki Station, 11

and accounts of bombing, 46–47, 57

and modern Nagasaki, 274

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 87–88, 143, 168–69, 170

and U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, 131

and wartime Nagasaki, 10, 15–16

Nagasaki Streetcar Company, 129, 253

Nagasaki Streetcar Company Memorial, 253–54, 254

Nagasaki Testimonial Society, 243, 245

Nagasaki University, 179, 259, 289

Nagasaki University Hospital, 206

Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 198, 219–20, 239, 258, 275

Nagasaki Women’s Society, 244

Nakashima River, 8, 273

Nakashima Valley, 54

Nanjing massacre, 267

National Air and Space Museum (NASM), 267–68

National Diet (Japan), 212, 220–21

National Folk Dance Training Course, 159

National Institute of Health (Japan), 181

National Research Council (U.S.), 181

National Volunteer Fighting Corps, 27

New Yorker, 150

New York Times, 109

NHK Radio, 93

Niblo, Winfield, 158–59

Nielsen, Olive V. McDaniel, 269

Nihon Hidankyo (Japan Confederation of A- and H-Bomb Sufferers Organizations), 213

Nippon Eiga-sha (Japanese Film Company), 112

Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, 226–27

Nishimori Issei, 182

Nishinaka-machi Catholic Church, 4, 199

Nishioka Takejiro, 31

Nishiyama-machi, 223

Nixon, Richard, 240

Nobel Peace Prize, 283–84

nonproliferation efforts, 210, 284–85

nuclear accidents, 290

nuclear fallout, 108, 210, 264

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Review Conferences, 284–85, 285, 294–95

nuclear weapons development

American perceptions of, 264

and censorship, 153

and civil defense paradigms, 246

and Cold War, 197

and effects of radiation exposure, 107

and international arms reduction efforts, 284

and peace activism, 209–12, 215, 223, 244, 247–50, 251–53

and protests against U.S. warships, 258

South Pacific, 143

Trinity test, 29, 113

and U.S. occupation of Japan, 146

U.S. public support for, 148–53

and world stockpiles, 197, 249, 284

Nyokodo residence, 170, 173

Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 223

Obama, Barack, 283

Obama, Japan, 114, 115, 136–37, 280

occupation forces

and Atomic Field, 123

crimes of (in Nagasaki), 158

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 115–21, 122, 158–59, 169, 198

and U.S. occupation of Japan, 144

O’Donnell, Joe, 124, 278

Ohashi Bridge, 274

Okada Ikuyo, 291–93

Okada Jukichi, 67

Olivi, Frederick, 44

Omura, Japan, 59, 78, 114, 126

Omura Bay, 45

Omura National Hospital (formerly Omura Naval Hospital), 41, 103, 104, 105, 148

and care of bomb victims, 121, 125

and long-term bomb survival, 153

and peace activism, 226–27, 238–39

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 159–60

and Taniguchi’s recovery, 167

and U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, 132

Omura Station, 106, 165

onigiri, 75, 86, 87, 96, 139

Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 107

orphans, 134–35

Osa Eiko. See Taniguchi Eiko

Oura Church, 169

Oyama Takami, xvii

Pacific Proving Grounds, 210

Pacific War, 267, 287

pacifism, 212

pancreatitis, 254–55

“Peace Guides,” 296

Peace Park, 275

Pearl Harbor attack

and antinuclear activism, 238

and Japanese militarism, 6, 12

and NASM exhibit controversy, 264–66

and peace activism, 278, 286

and war declaration, 194

and wartime Nagasaki, 22, 23

pediatric medicine for hibakusha, 186–92. See also child victims of bombings; in-utero radiation exposure

photography, 124, 195, 236, 265, 278, 288

Pius XII, pope, 171

plutonium weapons, 31–32, 41, 107, 109

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 277, 278

Potsdam Declaration, 29–30, 66, 146, 152

pregnancies and radiation, 135–36, 190, 191–92. See also in-utero radiation exposure

preparedness, 53–54. See also civil defense

prisoners of war (POWs)

and accounts of bombing, 37

casualties and survivors of bombing, 84

casualties of Nagasaki bomb, 48

and decision to target Nagasaki, 29

and effects of radiation exposure, 110–11

and Japanese surrender, 94

and NASM exhibit controversy, 264, 267

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 100

and U.S. occupation of Japan, 116

proliferation of nuclear weapons, 249, 272, 284

propaganda, xiv, 68, 108, 112, 144

prostitution, 134–35

psychological effects of bombings, 28, 62, 157, 176, 245, 246

public awareness of nuclear weapons, 150, 268–69

Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF), 240, 260, 265, 289–90, 305

radiation exposure and illness

and care of bomb victims, 121–26

and casualty estimates, 130

and censorship, 149, 151

extent of damage from bombs, xiii, 42

first signs after bombing, 97–100

and health care laws, 219–25

and long-term health of hibakusha, 176–79

and medical care, 182–85

and news censorship, 109–15

ongoing effects of, 156–57, 159

and postwar demobilization, 133–38

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 100–103, 126–30, 143, 164

and radiation illness victims, 103–6

scientific research on, 106–9

and U.S. nuclear tests, 210–12

and U.S. occupation of Japan, 115–21, 147

See also cancers of bomb survivors

railroads, 62, 78, 81, 160

Records of the Nagasaki Atomic Bombing and Wartime Damage, 247

relief stations, 87–88, 175–76

religious practices. See Buddhism; Catholicism in Nagasaki; Shinto

rescue teams, 69–70, 75–76, 82, 87

Roosevelt, Franklin, 28

Russia, 2, 3, 92, 284. See also Soviet Union

Ryong Pak Su, 225

Saint Francis Xavier, 169

Saiwai-machi Plant, 9

Sakhalin Island, 92

Sakurababa Municipal Junior High School, 294

San Francisco Peace Treaty, 219

Sanno Shrine, 201, 275–76

Sasebo, Japan, 59

Sasebo Naval Hospital, 88

Saturday Review, 150

Schull, William J., 203

scientific research on bomb effects, 106–9, 147, 148, 186–92, 195. See also Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC); medical records of bomb victims; U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey

Seattle Times, 269

Second World Conference Against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs, 213

Seibo no Kishi, 134

seppuku, 94

Shimabara Peninsula, 58

Shimonokawa River, 275

Shinkozen Elementary School (and relief hospital)

and ABCC research, 182–83

and care of bomb victims, 121, 124, 125, 125, 126

and peace activism, 237

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 88, 100, 141, 158–59, 198, 199

and U.S. occupation forces, 158

Shinmin no michi [The Way of Subjects], 11

Shi no doshinen [Concentric Circles of Death] (Akizuki), 245

Shinto, 3, 144, 273

Shiotsuki Masao, 103–6, 104, 148, 196–97

Shirabe Koji, 99, 148

Shirabe Raisuke

and ABCC research, 187–88

and care of bomb victims, 102, 121

and Japanese surrender, 95

medical studies conducted by, 100, 112, 148

and peace activism, 220, 241–42, 247

radiation illness of, 99–100

and U.S. occupation of Japan, 148

Shirabe Seiichi, 95, 99

Shiroyama Elementary School

and accounts of bombing, 47–48, 90

memorial services, 161–62

and modern Nagasaki, 275

and peace education programs, 295

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 141, 142–43, 168–69, 231

and U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, 131

Showa era, 4–5

Site of the Martyrdom of the Twenty-Six Saints of Japan, 274

6th U.S. Army, 117–18

skin grafts, 155, 156, 248, 287

Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum (NASM), 263–69

social isolation of bomb victims, 165–68, 178, 208–9, 229, 233–34, 257

South Pacific bomb testing, 143

sovereignty of Japan, 91, 194

Soviet Union

and Cold War, 197

entry into Pacific War, 65

international treaties regulating nuclear weapons, 249

invasion of Manchuria, 32

and Japanese surrender negotiations, 28, 66

and peace activism, 215

and U.S. justification of bomb use, 152

Spaatz, Carl A., 29

Special Committee on the Investigation of Atomic Bomb Casualties, 195

Starffin, Victor, 9

Stevens, Ted, 268

St. Francis Hospital, 174–75, 175, 242, 243, 253, 271

Stimson, Henry L., 30, 66–67, 151, 152–53, 264, 267

streetcars, 129–30, 168, 253, 296

suicides, 94, 159–61

Sumiyoshi tunnels, 25, 53

Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP), 109

Supreme Council for the Direction of the War, 34–35, 65–66

surrender negotiations, 26, 29–30, 65–67, 91–95, 109, 144

Sussan, Herbert, 132, 238–39

Suwa Shrine

and accounts of bombing, 46, 54, 60, 67, 70

and air raid shelters, 38

and extent of bomb damage, 143

and Nagasaki’s background, 2

and wartime Nagasaki, 19

Suzuki Kantaro, 35, 65–66, 94

Sweeney, Charles, 32, 38

Tabuchi (bomb victim), 62–63, 70

Tachibana Bay, 114

Tanaka (bomb victim), 56, 82–84

Tanaka Kakuei, 240

Taniguchi Eiko, 217–18, 299

Taniguchi Sumiteru, 33, 216

and accounts of bombing, 32–34, 39, 43, 48, 52–53, 63–64, 68, 78

and author’s background, xi,–xiii

burns suffered by, 126

and care of bomb victims, 121, 124–26

injuries from bombing, 300

and international arms reduction efforts, 283–86

interviews with, xiv–xv

and Japanese surrender, 95

later years of, 283–86, 285, 299–301

and long-term health problems, 153–55

and NASM exhibit controversy, 265

and peace activism, 209, 214–18, 219–21, 223, 225–27, 236, 238, 240, 244, 247–50, 250, 253, 255, 263, 272, 277–78, 285, 287, 289, 295

physical recovery of, 164–65, 167–68

and public awareness efforts, xvii

and rescue efforts after bombing, 81–82

and U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, 132–33

Target Committee, 28–29

Tateno, Morio, 93

Tibbets, Paul, 247

Time, 12, 264, 266

Togo Shigenori, 29, 35, 65

Tohoku University, 106

Tojo Hideki, 12, 194

Tokyo, Japan, 34–35, 202, 228–29

Tokyo Imperial University, 148

Tokyo University Hospital, 211

Tokyo War Crimes Trials, 194

Tomonaga Masao, 290

tonarigumi, 6, 14, 17, 23, 25

Toyoda Soemu, 35, 65

Toyotomi Hideyoshi, 2

trains, 62, 78, 81, 160

Treaty of Peace (1951), 194–95

Trinity test, 29, 113

Truman, Harry S.

and atomic bomb development, 28–30

and establishment of ABCC, 181

and Japanese surrender, 92

and NASM exhibit controversy, 266

and nuclear weapons development, 152

and Potsdam conference, 66

on use of nuclear weapons, 197

and U.S. justification of bomb use, 264

Tsujimoto Fujio, 162

Tsuno-o Susumu, 31

tuberculosis

and First Urakami Hospital, 76–77, 77, 80

hospitals dedicated to, 38

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 88, 91, 133, 138, 174–75

and POWs, 116

and Wada Koichi’s father, 10

and wartime Nagasaki, 26

Uchida Tsukasa, 120, 134, 240, 241, 253

ultranationalists, 144

Umezu Yoshijiro, 35, 65

United Nations, 237, 238, 251–52, 284–85, 294–95

United States, 140, 246–47, 249, 284

Universal Press Syndicate, 269

Urakami Church

and accounts of bombing, 36, 47, 61, 77

and commemorations of bombing, 194, 201

and extent of bomb damage, 37, 81, 89, 101, 186

Mass for casualties of bombing, 128

and Nagasaki’s background, 4

and NASM exhibit controversy, 265

and peace activism, 237

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 141, 169, 171, 172, 231

ruins, 129

and U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, 131

and wartime Nagasaki, 9, 15, 20

Urakami Prison, 201, 299

Urakami River

and accounts of bombing, 39, 49, 57, 59, 62, 71

and aerial views of Nagasaki, 90

and commemorations of bombing, 201

and modern Nagasaki, 273–74, 297

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 127, 162

and wartime Nagasaki, 8–9, 19

Urakami Valley

and accounts of bombing, 35–38, 37, 41–42, 45–46, 47–48, 54, 56–57, 61, 63, 65, 67–70, 71, 75–76, 79, 79

and Atomic Field, 123

and civilian defense, 16–19

and commemorations of bombing, 201

and effects of radiation exposure, 114

and extent of bomb damage, 85, 90, 116–17, 118–19

extent of casualties, 157

and modern Nagasaki, 273–75, 276, 297, 299

and Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum, 288

and peace activism, 241–42, 243, 253

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 87, 100–101, 123, 127, 127–28, 142, 170–71, 198, 206–7, 231

and U.S. occupation of Japan, 120

and U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, 131

and wartime Nagasaki, 9, 15–16, 25

U.S. Army Air Forces, 32, 90

B-29s, 28, 32, 38, 62, 67, 92, 247

U.S. Army Medical Corps, 181

U.S. Coast Guard Women’s Reserve, 269

U.S. Marine Corps, 124, 278

U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, 238, 239, 244–45, 288

U.S. News and World Report, 264

U.S. Office of Censorship, 29

USS Augusta, 30

U.S. Senate, 267–68

USS Haven (hospital ship), 116

USS Missouri, 109

USS Rodney M. Davis, 258

USS Sanctuary (hospital ship), 116

USS Ticonderoga, 258

U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS)

and antinuclear activists, 238–39, 245, 284

and assessment of bomb damage, 131

and assessment of radiation effects, 112, 131–33

and extent of bomb damage, 77, 90

and Japanese recovery of film footage, 238–39

U.S. War Department, 110–11, 113

Utena, 228–29, 257

Vault of the Unclaimed Remains of Victims, 299

veterans’ organizations, 263–64, 265–69

Wada Hisako, 203–7, 253, 273, 295–96

Wada Koichi

and ABCC research, 193

and accounts of bombing, 39, 43, 55–56, 63

and commemorations of bombing, 200

and effects of radiation exposure, 101–2

interviews with, xiv

and Japanese militarism, 12, 14–16

and Japanese surrender, 95

later years of, 273–74, 277–78, 279, 296

marriage of, 204–7, 205

and modern Nagasaki, 273–74

and peace activism, 237, 252–55, 254, 263, 272, 277–78, 279, 287, 289, 295–96

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 129–30, 139–40, 143

and public awareness efforts, xvii

and rescue efforts after bombing, 82–84

and wartime Nagasaki, 7–10, 8

Wallace, Henry, 67

war crimes, 147, 194

War Relocation Act, 186

Warren, Stafford, 107

Wartime Casualties Care Law, 75–76, 121

Watanabe Chieko, 213, 215, 238, 248

water supplies, 87, 100, 134

“Week Covered with Blood, A” (Akizuki), 173–74

Weller, George, 110–11

Westernization of Japan, 194–95, 245–46

Whittier Daily News, 268

writings about bombings, 162, 169, 173–74, 176, 242–44

Yamada Eiji, 68, 71, 72

Yamada Kan, 244

Yamaguchi Senji

memoir of, 278

and peace activism, 214–15, 219–21, 225–26, 247, 251, 252, 255, 258–59

and radiation illness victims, 102–3

Yamahata Yosuke, 67–69, 71–73, 78, 195–96, 265, 278

Yamashita Akiko, 291

Yamazaki, James, 186–87, 187, 190, 192, 278

Yamazato Elementary School, 128, 141, 142, 168, 231, 275

Yamazato-machi, 101

Yamazato-machi Recollection Committee, 242

Yonai Mitsumasa, 35, 65

Yoshida Katsuji, 36, 180, 233, 234

and accounts of bombing, 35, 37, 39, 42–43, 48–49, 58–60, 62, 68, 70–71

and care of bomb victims, 120–24, 126

and commemorations of bombing, 201, 292–95

death of, 292–95

father’s death, 177–79

injuries from bombing, 85, 155–56, 156, 165–67, 277

interviews with, xiv

and Japanese surrender, 95

later years of, 286–89, 297, 298

and long-term health problems, 232–35

and NASM exhibit controversy, 269

and peace activism, 215, 216, 237, 252, 254–55, 256, 263, 271–72, 286–89

and postwar recovery/reconstruction, 143

and public awareness efforts, xvii

Yoshida Naoji, 235

Yoshida Sachiko, 234, 234–35, 255

Yoshida Tomoji, 235

zaibatsu, 13, 144