Книга: Стрелы кентавра. Кибервойна по-американски
Назад: Примечания
Дальше: Примечания

414

Sauter, John A. and Robert S. Mathews, Andrew Yinger, Joshua S. Robinson, John Moody, Stephanie Riddle. Distributed pheromone-based swarming control of unmanned air and ground vehicles for RSTA // March 16, 2008.

http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?artideid=1332420

415

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G1t4M2XnIhI

416

Dogfighting drones – swarms of unmanned battle-bots take to the skies // 23 July 2012

http://www.airforce-technology.com/features/featuredogfight-drones-un-manned-battle-bot-swarms/

417

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITTvgkO2Xw4

418

Keller, Jared. DARPA just took a big step towards turning a C-130 into a flying drone carrier // Task and Purpose, January 22, 2020. https://taskandpur-pose.com/darpa-gremlin-drones-first-flight-video

419

Howard, Brad. DARPA’s ‘Gremlin’ Drones Can Deploy From A Flying Carrier In Starcraft-Style Swarms // Task and Purpose, May 14, 2018.

https://taskandpurpose.com/darpa-gremlin-drone-swarms-starcraft

420

Greene, A. Reference-Connecting Technique for Automatic Information Classification and Retrieval, OEG Research Contribution No. 77, Center for Naval Analyses, 1967.

421

Bush, V As We May Think, Atlantic Monthly 176 (1): 101–108, 1945.

422

Zadeh, L. Fuzzy sets, Information Control 8, 338–353, 1965.

423

MacDonald, Norine and George Howell. Killing Me Softly. Competition in Artificial Intelligence and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles // PRISM 8, NO. 3, 2019. рр. 116–117.

424

Tingley, Brett. The Navy’s Secretive And Revolutionary Program To Project False Fleets From Drone Swarms // The Drive, November 7, 2019.

https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/29505/the-navys-secretive-neme-sis-electronic-warfare-capability-will-change-naval-combat-forever?

425

Frandrup, Erich. The US Navy Needs Offensive Undersea Drones // Defense One, November 26, 2019.

https://www.defenseone.com/ideas/2019/11/us-navy-needs-offensive-under-sea-drones/161548/?oref=d-dontmiss

426

Scharre, Paul. Commanding the Swarm // War on the Rocks, March 25, 2015.

http://warontherocks.com/2015/03/commanding-the-swarm/?singlepage=1

427

Scharre, Paul. The Human Element in Robotic Warfare // War on the Rocks, March 11, 2015.

http://warontherocks.com/2015/03/the-human-element-in-robotic-war-fare/?singlepage=1

428

Greene, Marjorie. The Role of Swarm Intelligence for Distributed Lethality C2 // July 10, 2015. http://cimsec.org/role-swarm-intelligence-distributed-lethal-ity-c2/17262

429

Cohen, Rachel S. The Fighter Jet Era Has Passed // Air Force MAgazine, April 1, 2020.

https://www.airforcemag.com/article/the-fighter-jet-era-has-passed/

430

Alston, Philip and Hina Shamsi. A Killer Above the Law // The Guardian, 8 February 2010. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/feb/08/ afghanistan-drones-defence-killing

431

Yoo, John. quoted in Mark Bowden. The Killing Machines: How to Think about Drones // Atlantic, September 2013. https://www.theatlantic.com/maga-zine/archive/2013/09/the-killing-machines-how-to-think-about-drones/309434

432

Jevglevskaja, Natalia and Jai Galliott. Airmen and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: The Danger of Generalization // AU, April 13, 2020.

https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Wild-Blue-Yonder/Article-Display/Arti-cle/2144225/airmen-and-unmanned-aerial-vehicles-the-danger-of-generaliza-tion/

433

Accelerating America’s Leadership in Artificial Intelligence, February 11, 2019.

https://www.whitehouse.gov/articles/accelerating-americas-leadership-in-ar-tificial-intelligence/

434

Lamberth, Megan. The White House and Defense Department unveiled AI strategies. Now what? // February 27, 2019.

https://www.c4isrnet.com/opinion/2019/02/27/the-white-house-and-defense-department-unveiled-ai-strategies-now-what/

435

Davis, Zachary. Artificial Intelligence on the Battlefield: Implications for Deterrence and Surprise // PRISM 8, NO. 2, 2019. p. 116.

436

436 James, Mark. Future of AI – less Artificial, More Intelligent (Part One) // Beyond Limits, 21 March 2019.

https://www. beyond.ai/news/future-of-ai/

437

Pecotic, Adrian. Whoever Predicts the Future Will Win the AI Arms Race // Foreign Policy, March 5, 2019.

https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/03/05/whoever-predicts-the-future-correctly-will-win-the-ai-arms-race-russia-china-united-states-artificial-intelligence-de-fense/

438

Muller, Vincent C. And Nick Bostrom. Future Progress in Artificial Intelligence: A Survey of Expert Opinion

https://nickbostrom.com/papers/survey.pdf

439

AI Principles: Recommendations on the Ethical Use of Artificial Intelligence by the Department of Defense.

https://admin.govexec.com/media/dib_ai_principles_-_supporting_docu-ment_-_embargoed_copy_(oct_2019). pdf

440

Ibidem.

441

441 Zwetsloot, Remco and Helen Toner, and Jeffrey Ding. Beyond the AI Arms Race // Foreign Affairs, November 16, 2018.

https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/review-essay/2018-11-16/beyond-ai-arms-race?cid=soc-tw

442

442 Савин Л.В. Третья стратегия возмещения США // Стратегическая стабильность, 2016 № 1. С. 66–70.

443

Atherton, Kelsey D. One key to artificial intelligence on the battlefield: trust, 25.12.2019.

https://www.c4isrnet.com/battlefield-tech/c2-comms/2019/12/24/ one-key-to-artificial-intelligence-on-the-battlefield-trust/

444

Lohn, Andrew. What Chess Can Teach Us About the Future of AI and War // War on the Rocks, January 3, 2020.

https://warontherocks.com/2020/01/what-chess-can-teach-us-about-the-fu-ture-of-ai-and-war/

445

Pfaff, C. Anthony. The Ethics of Acquiring Disruptive Technologies. Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous Weapons, and Decision Support Systems // PRISM 8, NO. 3, 2019. p. 130.

446

Ibidem. p. 135.

447

Johnson, James S. Artificial Intelligence: A Threat to Strategic Stability // Strategic Studies Quarterly, Spring 2020 VOL. 14, NO. 1. pp. 17–18.

448

Ibidem. p. 30.

449

Payne, Kenneth. Artificial Intelligence: A Revolution in Strategic Affairs? // Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, October-November 2018. Volume: 60, Edition: 5. pp. 7-32.

https://www.iiss.org/publications/survival/2018/survival-global-poli-tics-and-strategy-octobernovember-2018/605-02-payne

450

Florenzen, Matthew J. and Kurt M. Shulkitas, Kyle P. Bair. Unmasking the Spectrum with Artificial Intelligence // Joint Force Quarterly, Nov. 18, 2019.

https://ndupress.ndu.edu/Media/News/News-Article-View/Article/2019459/ unmasking-the-spectrum-with-artificial-intelligence/

451

Kott, Alexander et al., Visualizing the Tactical Ground Battlefield in the Year 2050: Workshop Report, ARL-SR-0327. Adelphi, MD: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, June 2015.

452

Florenzen, Matthew J. and Kurt M. Shulkitas, Kyle P. Bair. Unmasking the Spectrum with Artificial Intelligence // Joint Force Quarterly, Nov. 18, 2019.

453

Thomas, M. A. Time for a Counter-AI Strategy // Strategic Studies Quarterly, SPRING 2020 VOL. 14, NO. 1. p. 4.

454

Ibidem. p. 6.

455

Ibidem. p. 6.

456

Thiele, Ralph. Hybrid CoE Working Paper 6: Artificial Intelligence – A Key Enabler of Hybrid Warfare, March 4, 2020. p. 6.

https://www.hybridcoe.fi/publications/hybrid-coe-working-paper-6-artificial-intelligence-a-key-enabler-of-hybrid-warfare/

457

Tucker, Patrick. The Pentagon Is Building an AI Product Factory // Defense One, April 19, 2018.

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458

Atherton, Kelsey D. Can this group become 1-800-AI for the Pentagon? 24.12.2019.

https://www.c4isrnet.com/newsletters/daily-brief/2019/12/23/can-this-group-become-1-800-ai-for-the-pentagon/

459

Aaron Boyd. DoD releases new federated cloud procurement policy. Dec.

17, 2014. http://www.c4isrnet.com/artide/20141217/C4ISRNET14/312170007/ DoD-releases-new-federated-cloud-procurement-policy?odyssey=nav|head

460

Cloud Computing: Agencies Have Increased Usage and Realized Benefits, but Cost and Savings Need to Be Better Tracked,” Report to Congressional Requesters, April 2019, https://www.gao.gov/

461

William Giannetti, Quiet Giant. The TITAN Cloud and the Future of DOD Artificial Intelligence // Air & Space Power Journal, Spring 2020. Р. 56.

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462

Eversden, Andrew. The Pentagon’s AI lead needs a cloud integrator // Federal Times, November 27, 2019.

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463

Corrigan, Jack. Pentagon Will Spend $2 Billion Developing Next-Generation AI // September 7, 2018.

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464

На русский язык это можно перевести как «неборг» (от слов небо и организм).

465

Cohen, Rachel S. AFRL to Test Skyborg Autonomy Algorithms This Summer // Air Force Magazine, 7/10/2019

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466

Atherton, Kelsey D. When robots need the freedom to maneuver, November 21, 2019.

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467

MacDonald, Norine and George Howell. Killing Me Softly. Competition in Artificial Intelligence and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles // PRISM 8, NO. 3, 2019. p. 114.

468

Watts, Clint. Artificial intelligence is transforming social media. Can American democracy survive? // Washington Post, September 5, 2018.

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469

How to Sow Discord Using Google and $100 (or 6,800 rubles), Report.

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470

http://labs.thebureauinvestigates.com/fake-news-and-false-flags/

471

Здесь и далее при упоминании: группировка запрещена на территории РФ.

472

Silverman, Craig. How To Spot A Deepfake Like The Barack Obama-Jordan Peele Video // BuzzFeed News, April 17, 2018. https://www.buzzfeed.com/ craigsilverman/obama-jordan-peele-deepfake-video-debunk-buzzfeed?utm_ term=.jhwXEYq1P

473

Suwajanakorn, Supasorn and Steven M. Seitz, Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizer-man. Synthesizing Obama: Learning Lip Sync from Audio. http://grail.cs.wash-ington.edu/projects/AudioToObama/

474

Knight, Will. The US military is funding an effort to catch deepfakes and other AI trickery. But DARPA’s technologists admit that it might be a losing battle // MIT Technology Review. May 23, 2018. https://www.technologyreview. com/s/611146/the-us-military-is-funding-an-effort-to-catch-deepfakes-and-oth-er-ai-trickery/

475

Warzel, Charlie. He Predicted The 2016 Fake News Crisis. Now He’s Worried About An Information Apocalypse // BuzzFeed News, February 11, 2018.

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476

476 Point/Counterpoint: Future wars will be fought with AI robots vs. ‘Microsoft Word is not responding’, May 30, 2019.

https://www.duffelblog.com/2019/05/point-counterpoint-future-wars-will-be-fought-with-ai-robots-vs-microsoft-word-is-not-responding/

477

Lin-Greenberg, Erik. Allies and Artificial Intelligence: Obstacles to Operations and Decision-Making // TNSR, Vol. 3, 2. Spring 2020.

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478

Federal Cybersecurity Research and Development Strategic Plan, Dec. 2019. Р. 12.

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479

Lewis, James Andrew. Can Artificial Intelligence Compensate for Strategic Shortcomings? // CSIS, January 29, 2020.

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480

Wong, Yuna Huh and John Yurchak, Robert W Button, Aaron Frank, Burgess Laird, Osonde A. Osoba, Randall Steeb, Benjamin N. Harris, Sebastian Joon Bae. Deterrence in the Age of Thinking Machines. Santa Monica: RAND Corporation, 2020.

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481

Zach Hughes. Fog, Friction, and Thinking Machines // War on the Rocks, March 11, 2020.

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482

Munoz, Carlo. Clapper calls for U.S. Information Agency ‘on steroids’ to counter Russian propaganda // The Washington Times, January 5, 2017.

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483

Karl, Luke and Joseph Lane, David Sanchez. How to Stop Losing the Information War // Defense One, July 26, 2018.

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484

Coleman, Kevin. The weaponization of words and conversations, June 15, 2017.

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485

CyCon 2018 Video: Current and Former Presidents, NATO and Facebook Experts, ERR News, May 31, 2018 https://news.err.ee/836012/cycon-2018-video-current-and-former-presidents-natoand-facebook-experts

486

Ник Филдинг, Иан Кобэйн. Военные США будут манипулировать социальными сетями.// ИноСМИ http://www.inosmi.ru/usa/20110318/167469729. html

487

Rawnsley, Adam. Pentagon Wants a Social Media Propaganda Machine // Wired, July 15, 2011. http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2011/07/dar-pa-wants-social-media-sensor-for-propaganda-ops/

488

Social Media in Strategic Communication (SMISC). FBO, Jul 14, 2011. https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=6ef12558b-44258382452fcf02942396a&tab=core&_cview=0

489

Top Social Media Websites Caught Censoring Controversial Content // Global Research, February 23, 2012. www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?contex-t=va&aid=29452

490

Levesque, Julie. Social Media «Tactical Intelligence Collection”: Spying and Propaganda using Facebook, Twitter. February 15, 2012. http://www.global-research.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=29288

491

Cartalucci, Tony. Egypt: US-funded Agitators on Trial: US «Democracy Promotion» = Foreign-funded Sedition. Global Research, February 13, 2012. http://globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=29255

492

Johnson, Robert. Reporters Slammed By Mysterious Propaganda After USA Today Psy Ops Story. Apr. 20, 2012. http://www.businessinsider.com/ tom-vanden-brook-ray-locker-usa-today-suffer-online-attack-after-making-pen-tagon-inquiries-2012-4?nr_email_referer=1&utm_source=Triggermail&utm_ medium=email&utm_term=Military%20Select&utm_campaign=Military%20 Select%202012-04-20

493

Korte, Gregory. Fake sites target reporter, editor covering DoD. Apr 19, 2012. http://www.militarytimes.com/news/2012/04/gannett-fake-websites-tar-get-reporter-editor-covering-pentagon-041912/

494

Synovitz, Ron. Social Network Aims To Attract World’s Muslims. March 09, 2012. http://www.rferl.org/content/salamworld_social_network_aims_to_ attract_worlds_muslims/24510469.html

495

Greenwald, Glenn. How Covert Agents Infiltrate The Internet to Manipulate, Deceive, and Destroy Reputations // The Intercept, February 25 2014.

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496

Seldin, Jeff. Pentagon Concerned Russia Cultivating Sympathy Among US Troops, December 07, 2019.

https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2019/12/mil-191207-voa02.htm

497

Tucker, Patrick. What Your Facebook Posts Mean to US Special Operations Forces // Defense One, January 29, 2015.

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498

Elson, Sara Beth and Douglas Yeung, Parisa Roshan, S. R. Bohandy, Alireza Nader. Using Social Media to Gauge Iranian Public Opinion and Mood After the 2009 Election. Santa Monica: RAND, 2012.

499

Ракитянский Н.М. Категории сознания и менталитета в контексте феномена политической полиментальности.// Информационные войны, № 3, 2012. С. 37.

500

Tucker, Patrick. Military-Funded Study Predicts Twitter Uprisings, February 24, 2016.

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501

http://arxiv.org/pdf/1512.02968v1.pdf

502

Tucker, Patrick. War by Doxxing // Defence One, March 23, 2015.

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503

Albrycht, Sarah. When the homefront becomes the (cyber) front line, 04 February, 2020.

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504

Dawkins, R. The Selfish Gene, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1976.

505

Blackmore, Susan. The Meme Machine. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

506

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507

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508

https://www.ted.com/talks/dan_dennett_on_dangerous_memes

509

What is memetic warfare and how it threats democratic values?

https://democracyendowment.eu/we-support/institute-of-post-informa-tion-society/what-is-memetic-warfare-and-how-it-threats-democratic-values/

510

http://metameme.org/definition.html

511

http://thebigthink.blogspot.ru/2006/04/what-is-memescape.html

512

Coker C. The Future of War. The Re-Enchantment of War in the Twenty-First Century. Victoria, Blackwall Publishing, 2004. p. 50.

513

Ibidem. p. 62.

514

Ibidem. p. 67.

515

Prosser, Michael B. Memetics – a growth Industry in US Military Operations, United States Marine Corps, School of Advanced Warfighting, Marine Corps University, 2006. p. 2.

516

Ibidem. p. 3.

517

Hancock, Brian J. Memetic Warfare: The Future of War // Military Intelligence Professional Bulletin, Volume 36 Number 2, April – June 2010.

518

https://www.strateomcoe.org/academic-joumal-defence-strategic-commu-nications-vol1

519

Segal, Oren. Pepe the Frog: yes, a harmless cartoon can become an alt-right mascot // The Guardian, September 29, 2016.

520

См. https://memetic.ai/

521

Oprihory, Jennifer-Leigh. Hashtag warfare: Anti-ISIS coalition looks to enhance its online messaging // Military Times, April 11, 2016 http://www.milit-arytimes.com/story/military/war-on-is/2016/04/11/hashtag-warfare-anti-isis-co-alition-looks-enhance-its-messaging-online/82896352/

522

Gramer, Robbie. Can NATO Weaponize Memes? // Foreign Policy, April 13, 2017. https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/04/13/nato-cyber-information-war-fare-battle-of-ideas-memes-internet-culture/

523

https://robotictechnologyinc.com/images/upload/file/Presentation%20 Military%20Memetics%20Tutorial%2013%20Dec%2011.pdf

524

Публикация размещена на сайте Центра Стратегических Коммуникаций НАТО, штаб квартира которого находится в Риге (Латвия). См. https:// www.stratcomcoe.org/stratcom-laughs-search-analytical-framework

525

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZluteHEqnQ

526

NATO Experts Forum: Social Media for International Organizations https://www.nato.int/smioforum/index.html

527

Biron, Lauren. Faux Social Networks Add Realism to Training Exercise.

http://www.defensenews.com/article/20120822/DEFREG02/308220002/

Faux-Social-Networks-Add-Realism-Training-Exercise?odyssey=tab|topnews|-text|Training%20&%20Simulation%20Journal

528

Савин Л.В. Нейротехнологии в теории и практике военной науки США // Информационные войны № 1 (37), 2016. С. 5—10.

529

http://www.wpic.pitt.edu/research/biometrics/Publications/Biometrics%20

Archives%20PDF/148-1964%20Sutton,%20Braren,%20John%20&%20Zubin.pdf

530

Tucker, Patrick. The Military is Using Human Brain Waves to Teach Robots How to Shoot // Defense One, May 5, 2017.

http://www.defenseone.com/technology/2017/05/military-using-human-brain-waves-teach-robots-how-shoot/137622/?oref=defenseone_today_nl

531

http://cancta.net/

532

Forsythe, Chris and James Giordano. On the need for neurotechnology in the national intelligence and defense agenda: Scope and trajectory// Synesis: A Journal of Science, Technology, Ethics, and Policy, 2011.

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533

DeFranco, Joseph and Diane DiEuliis, James Giordano.Redefining Neuroweapons: Emerging Capabilities in Neuroscience and Neurotechnology // PRISM 8, NO. 3, 2019. p. 48.

534

Weapon. Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2008. http://www.merriam-web-ster.com/dictionary/weapon.

535

DeFranco, Joseph and Diane DiEuliis, James Giordano.Redefining Neuroweapons: Emerging Capabilities in Neuroscience and Neurotechnology // PRISM 8, NO. 3, 2019. p. 51.

536

Canna, S. and G. Pop. Strategic Multilayer Assessment (SMA). Paper presented at the 5th Annual SMA Conference at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, November 2011. p. 1.

537

Romano, J.A., B.J. Lukey, and H. Salem. Chemical Warfare Agents: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics. 2nd edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2007.

538

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539

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540

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544

Ibidem.

545

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National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). Emerging Cognitive Neuroscience and Related Technologies. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2008.

548

DeFranco, Joseph and Diane DiEuliis, James Giordano.Redefining Neuroweapons: Emerging Capabilities in Neuroscience and Neurotechnology // PRISM 8, NO. 3, 2019. p. 53.

549

National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). Emerging Cognitive Neuroscience and Related Technologies. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2008.

550

Pringle, R.W and H.H. Random. s.v. “Intelligence”. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2009. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/289760/intelligence.

551

Goldstein, F.L. and B.F. Findley. Psychological Operations: Principles and Case Studies. Montgomery, AL: Air University Press, 1996.

552

Paddock, A.H. “No more tactical information detachments: US military psychological operations in transition.” In Psychological Operations: Principles and Case Studies, eds., F.L. Goldstein and B.F Findley. Montgomery, AL: Air University Press, 1999. pp. 25–50.

553

Lord, C. “The psychological dimension in national strategy.” In Psychological Operations: Principles and Case Studies, ed., C. Lord. Montgomery, AL: Air University Press, 1996. pp. 73–90.

554

Uttal, W. The New Phrenology: The Limits of Localizing Cognitive Processes in the Brain. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001; Illes, J. and E. Racine. “Imaging or imagining? A neuroethics challenge informed by genetics.” American Journal of Bioethics, 2005, 5 (2): 5-18.

555

Ridley, M. Nature via Nurture: Genes, Experience, and What Makes Us Human. London: HarperCollins, 2003; Wurzman, R. and J. Giordano. “Differential susceptibility to plasticity: A ‘Missing link’ between gene-culture co-evolution and neuropsychiatric spectrum disorders?” BMC Medicine, 2012. рр 10–37.

556

Biological Technology Office – DARPA.“Narrative networks program.” http://www.darpa.mil/ Our_Work/BTO/Programs/Narrative_Networks.aspx.

557

Mind’s eye program. Information Innovation Office – DARPA. http:// www.darpa.mil/Our_ Work/I2O/Programs/Minds_Eye.aspx.

558

Stephanie Strasse, Dan Adams, Henry Goldberg. The DARPA Machine Reading Program – Encouraging Linguistic and Reasoning Research with a Series of Reading Tasks.

http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2010/pdf/862_Paper.pdf

559

Knowledge representation in Neural systems (KRNS) program. Office of Incisive Analysis – IARPA. http://www.iarpa.gov/index.php/research-programs/ krns.

560

Integrated Cognitive-Neuroscience architectures for understanding sensemaking (ICARUS) program. Office of Incisive Analysis – IARPA. http://www. iarpa.gov/Programs/ia/ICArUS/icarus.html.

561

Neuro Function, Activity, Structure, and Technology (Neuro-FAST) program. Biological Technology Office – DARPA. http://www.darpa.mil/Our_Work/ BTO/Programs/Neuro_Function_Activity_Structure_and_Technology_Neuro-FAST.aspx.

562

Sociocultural content in language (SCIL) program. Office of Incisive Analysis – IARPA. https://www.fbo.gov/?s=opportunity&mode=-form&tab=core&id=72cc15a91610fc6b9 2acc73b6980279e&_cview=1.

563

Metaphor program. Office of Incisive Analysis – IARPA. http://www.iarpa. gov/index.php/research-programs/metaphor.

564

Narrative networks program. Biological Technology Office – DARPA. http://www.darpa.mil/ Our_Work/BTO/Programs/Narrative_Networks.aspx.

565

Social media in strategic communication (SMISC) program. Information Innovation Office – DARPA. http://www.darpa.mil/Our_Work/I2O/Programs/ Social_Media_in_Strategic_ Communication_(SMISC). aspx.

566

Strategic social interaction modules (SSIM). Biological Technology Office – DARPA. http://www.darpa.mil/Our_Work/BTO/Programs/Strategic_ Social_Interaction_Modules_ SSIM.aspx.

567

Detection and computational analysis of physiological signals (DCAPS) program. Information Innovation Office – DARPA. http://www.darpa.mil/ Our_Work/I2O/Programs/Detection_and_Computational_Analysis_of_Psycho-logical_Signals_(DCAPS). aspx.

568

Tools for recognizing useful signals of trustworthiness (TRUST). Office of Smart Collection – IARPA. http://www.iarpa.gov/index.php/research-programs/ trust.

569

Первая публикация по теме вышла в 2014 г.

570

A Biopsychosocial Science Approach for Understanding the Emergence of and Mitigating Violence and Terrorism. Department of Defense; Strategic Multilayer Assessment Group – Joint Staff/J-3/Pentagon Report, 2016.

571

Giordano, James and Rachel Wurzman. Integrative Computational and Neurocognitive Science and Technology for Intelligence Operations: Horizons of Potential Viability, Value and Opportunity, Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, 30 June 2016.

http://www.potomacinstitute.org/steps/featured-articles/85-integrative-com-putational-and-neurocognitive-science-and-technology-for-intelligence-opera-tions-horizons-of-potential-viability-value-and-opportunity

572

Ajana, B. Recombinant identities: Biometrics and narrative bioethics // Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 2010. 7:237–258.

573

Giordano, James and Rachel Wurzman. “NEURINT and Neuroweapons: Neurotechnololgies in National Intelligence and Defense,” in: Neurotechnology in National Security and Defense: Practical Considerations, Neuroethical Concerns, ed. James Giordano. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2014. pp. 79-114.

http://what-when-how.com/Tutorial/topic-1366fd6iec/Neurotechnolo-gy-in-National-Security-and-Defense-107.html

574

Mordini, E. and C. Ottolini. “Body identification and medicine: Ethical and social con – siderations.” Annali dell ‘ Istituto Superiore di Sanita 2007, 43 (1): 5-11.

575

Ajana, B. Recombinant identities: Biometrics and narrative bioethics // Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 7, 2010. pp. 237–258.

576

Tools for recognizing useful signals of trustworthiness (TRUST).Office of Smart Collection – IARPA. http://www.iarpa.gov/index.php/research-programs/ trust.

577

Hughes, J. The struggle for a smarter world // Futures, 2007, 29 (8). pp. 942–954.

578

Pringle, R.W and H.H. Random. s.v. “Intelligence”. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2009. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/289760/intelligence.

579

Foucault, M. Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the College de France 1977–1978. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007; Rippon, G. and C. Senior. Neuroscience has no place in national security // American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience, 2010. 1(2). pp. 37–38.

580

DeFranco, Joseph and Diane DiEuliis, James Giordano.Redefining Neuroweapons: Emerging Capabilities in Neuroscience and Neurotechnology // PRISM 8, NO. 3, 2019. p. 59.

581

DeFranco, Joseph and Diane DiEuliis, James Giordano. Redefining Neuroweapons: Emerging Capabilities in Neuroscience and Neurotechnology // PRISM 8, NO. 3, 2019. p. 60.

582

Alexander, Keith. A Transatlantic Alliance is Crucial in the Cyber War Era // Financial Times, 5 September 2018. p. 9.

583

Smith, Rebecca. Russian Hackers Reach U.S. Utility Control Rooms, Homeland Security Officials Say, July 23, 2018.

https://www.wsj.com/articles/russian-hackers-reach-u-s-utility-con-trol-rooms-homeland-security-officials-say-1532388110

584

Porche, Isaac. Fighting and Winning the Undeclared Cyber War. June 24, 2019.

https://www.rand.org/blog/2019/06/fighting-and-winning-the-undeclared-cyber-war.html

585

Stavridis, James. Defending the Perimeter Isn’t Enough on Election Hacking // Bloombers, Nov. 05, 2019.

https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-11-05/will-america-be-safe-from-russian-hackers-in-2020-election?

586

Alert (TA18-106A). Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. April 20, 2018.

https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A

587

Alert (AA20-106A). Guidance on the North Korean Cyber Threat. April 15, 2020.

https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-106a

588

http://www.e-ir.info/2016/08/28/us-china-relations-in-cyberspace-the-benefits-and-limits-of-a-realist-analysis/

589

Mazarr, Michael J. and Abigail Casey, Alyssa Demus, Scott W. Harold, Luke J. Matthews, Nathan Beauchamp-Mustafaga, James Sladden. Hostile Social Manipulation. Present Realities and Emerging Trends. RAND Corporation, 2019. p. 17.

590

Smith, David J. How Russia Harnesses Cyberwarfare // Defense Dossier, Issue 4, August 2012, pp. 7–8.

591

Wirtz, James J. Cyber War and Strategic Culture: The Russian Integration of Cyber Power into Grand Strategy. in Kenneth Geers (Ed.), Cyber War in Perspective: Russian Aggression against Ukraine, NATO CCD COE Publications, Tallinn 2015. р. 31.

592

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/09/us/politics/what-options-does-the-

us-have-after-accusing-russia-of-hacks.html?_r=0

593

Харрис Ш. Кибервойна. Пятый театр военных действий. М.: Альпина нон-фикшн, 2016.

594

Emails and Influence: Investigating Russia’s Attack on the U.S. Political System // War on the Rocks, October 31, 2016. https://warontherocks.com/2016/10/ emails-and-influence-investigating-russias-attack-on-the-u-s-political-system/

595

Schreckinger, Ben. How Russia Targets the U.S. Military // Politico, June 12, 2017.

http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/06/12/how-russia-targets-the-us-military-215247

596

Libicki, Martin C. Checklist for a U.S.-Russia Cyberwar // RAND, October 31, 2016. http://www.rand.org/blog/2016/10/checklist-for-a-us-russia-cyberwar. html

597

Считаем данное заявление исключительно субъективной трактовкой Мартина Либики.

598

Weisburd, Andrew and Clint Watts, JM Berger. Trolling for Trump: How Russia is Trying to Destroy Our Democracy // War on the Rocks, November 6, 2016. http://warontherocks.com/2016/11/trolling-for-trump-how-russia-is-try-ing-to-destroy-our-democracy/

599

Fox News, Thousands sign WhiteHouse.gov petition for Alaska to secede – to Russia, March 27, 2014. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2014/03/27/thou-sands-sign-official-white-house-petition-to-return-alaska-to-russia.html

600

http://inteUit.muskingum.edu/russia_folder/pcw_era/index.htm

601

http://intellit.muskingum.edu/russia_folder/pcw_era/index.htm

602

Так в оригинале – Fancy Bear (APT 28), possibly operated by Russian military intelligence (GRU), and Cozy Bear (APT 29), possibly operated by Russia’s foreign intelligence service (FSB). На сайте, где размещен материал, стоит ссылка на другой источник, компанию Дмитрия Альперовича CrowdStrike – https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/, и там упоминается совпадение стратегических интересов правительства России и группы «Fancy Bear», а ФСБ и СВР упоминаются отдельно. Однако там, в свою очередь, дается ссылка на материал Европейского Совета по международным отношениям http://www.ecfr.eu/ publications/summary/putins_hydra_inside_russias_intelligence_services, где говорится о взаимосвязи ГРУ, ФСБ и СВР и ФСО т. е. основных органов, отвечающих за безопасность (материал вышел до создания Национальной гвардии). Такая методика довольно типична для американских авторов – смешивание понятий и создание эшелона ссылок для подтверждения релевантности и надежности материала создает видимость правдивой информации. Хотя в данном случае авторы поленились проверить аббревиатуру и две различные организации посчитали за одну, добавив фразу о «возможной связи».

603

Farrell, Henry. American Democracy Is an Easy Target // Foreign Policy, January 17, 2018.

https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/01/17/american-democracy-was-ask-ing-for-it/

604

Helmus, Todd C. and Elizabeth Bodine-Baron, Andrew Radin, Madeline Magnuson, Joshua Mendelsohn, William Marcellino, Andriy Bega, Zev Winkelman. Russian Social Media Influence. Understanding Russian Propaganda in Eastern Europe. Santa Monica: RAND Corporation, 2018. p. 23.

605

https://stratcomcoe.org/robotrolling-20201

606

Nakashima, Ellen. NSA and Cyber Command to coordinate actions to counter Russian election interference in 2018 amid absence of White House guidance // Washington Post, July 17, 2018.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/nsa-and-cyber-command-to-coordinate-actions-to-counter-russian-election-interference-in-2018-amid-absence-of-white-house-guidance/2018/07/17/baac95b2-8900-11e8-85ae-511bc1146b0b_story.html

607

Cai, Jane and Phoenix Kwong. Communist Party leadership calls for fairer global governance of internet // South China Morning Post, 16 Nov, 2016. https:// www.scmp.com/news/china/policies-politics/article/2046645/communist-par-ty-leadership-calls-fairer-global

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