Книга: Будущее медицины: Ваше здоровье в ваших руках
Назад: Благодарности
На главную: Предисловие

Примечания

Глава 1

1. E. Hill, "Smart Patients," The Lancet 15 (2014): 140 –141.

2. D. M. Cutler, "Why Medicine Will Be More Like Walmart," in MIT Technology Review. September 20, 2013, http://www.technologyreview.com/news/518906/why-medicine-will-be-more-like-walmart/.

3. E. Brynjolfsson and A. McAfee, The Second Machine Age (New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, 2014), p. 96.

4. "Essay: The Playboy Interview: Marshall McLuhan," Playboy, March 1969, accessed August 12, 2014, Next Nature, http://www.nextnature.net/2009/12/the-playboy-interview-marshall-mcluhan/.

5. "The Package" (Seinfeld), in Wikipedia, accessed August 12, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Package_(Seinfeld).

6. D. L. Frosch et al., "Authoritarian Physicians and Patients' Fear of Being Labeled 'Diffcult' Among Key Obstacles to Shared Decision Making," Health Affairs 31, no. 5 (2012): 1030 –1038.

7. L. Landro, "How Doctors Rate Patients," Wall Street Journal, March 31, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/
SB10001424052702304432604579473301109907412.

8. B. Greene, "Doctor, LOOK at Me," CNN Opinion, March 9, 2014, http://edition.cnn.com/2014/03/09/opinion/greene-doctor-patient-computers/index.html.

9. L. Landro, "Health-Care Providers Want Patients to Read Medical Records, Spot Errors," Wall Street Journal, June 9, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/articles/health-care-providers-want-patients-to-read-medical-records-spot-errors-1402354902.

10. "Uberification of the US Service Economy," Schlaf's Notes, April 4, 2014, http://schlaf.me/post/81679927670.

11. A. Srivastava, "2 Billion Smartphone Users by 2015 : 83% of Internet Usage from Mobiles," Daze Info, January 23, 2014, http://www.dazeinfo.com/2014/01/23/smartphone-users-growth-mobile-internet-2014-2017/.

12. M. Zuckerberg, "Mark Zuckerberg on a Future Where the Internet Is Available to All," Wall Street Journal, July 7, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/articles/mark-zuckerberg-on-a-future-where-the-internet-is-available-to-all-1404762276.

13. "The Rise of the Cheap Smartphone," The Economist, April 5, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21600134/print.

14. M. Honan, "Don't Diss Cheap Smartphones. They're About to Change Everything," Wired, May 16, 2014, http://www.wired.com/2014/05/cheap-smartphones.

15. A. Kessler, "The Cheap-Smartphone Revolution," Wall Street Journal, May 12, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/
SB10001424052702304101504579546393363686978.

16. R. Snow, C. Humphrey, and J. Sandall, "What Happens When Patients Know More Than Their Doctors? Experiences of Health Interactions After Diabetes Patient Education: A Qualitative Patient-Led Study," British Medical Journal 3 (2013): e003583.

17. T. Shenfield, "Collaborating with Patients in the Digital Information Age," HealthWorks Collective, April 23, 2014, http://healthworkscollective.com/talishenfield/160421/collaborating-patients-digital-information-age.

18. U. Wijayawardhana, "Smart Patients," Island Online, April 23, 2014, http://www.island.lk/index.php?code_title=100181&page=article-details&page_cat=article-details.

19. J. Erdmann and H. Schunkert, "Forty-five Years to Diagnosis," Neuromuscular Disorders 23 (2013): 503–505.

20. J. N. Honeyman et al., "Detection of a Recurrent DNAJB1-PRK ACA Chimeric Transcript in Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma," Science 343 (2014): 1010 –1014.

21. R. Winslow, "Teen Helped Research Her Own Disease," Wall Street Journal, February 27, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/
SB10001424052702304071004579409260544992476.

22. L. Neergaard, "Teen Helps Scientists Study Her Own Rare Disease," Associated Press, February 27, 2014, http://bigstory.ap.org/article/teen-helps-scientists-study-her-own-rare-disease.

23. S. Naggiar, "Teen Makes Genetic Discovery of Her Own Rare Cancer," NBC News, April 16, 2014, http://www.nbcnews.com/health/cancer/teen-makes-genetic-discovery-her-own-rare-cancer-n75991.

24. G. Marcus, "Open-Sourcing a Treatment for Cancer," New Yorker, February 27, 2014, http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/elements/2014/02/open-sourcing-cancer.html?printable=true&currentPage=all.

25. J. Wilson, "Kids Who Don't Cry: New Genetic Disorder Discovered," in CNN Health, March 20, 2014, http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/20/health/ngly1-genetic-disorder/.

26a. M. Might and M. Wilsey, "The Shifting Model in Clinical Diagnostics: How Next-Generation Sequencing and Families Are Altering the Way Rare Diseases Are Discovered, Studied, and Treated," Genetics in Medicine, 2014, http://www.nature.com/gim/journal/
vaop/ncurrent/full/gim201423a.html.

26b. S. Mnookin, "One of a Kind," The New Yorker, July 21, 2014, http://www.new yorker.com/magazine/2014/07/21/one-of-a-kind-2.

27. G. M. Ennsetal., "Mutations in NGLY1 Cause an Inherited Disorder of the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation Pathway," Genetics in Medicine, 2014, http://www.nature.com/gim/journal/
vaop/ncurrent/full/gim201422a.html.

28. A. Regalado, "Business Adapts to a New Style of Computer," MIT Technology Review, May 20, 2014, http://www.technologyreview.com/news/527356/business-adapts-to-a-new-style-of-computer/.

29. E. Topol, The Creative Destruction of Medicine (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2012).

30. W. Ghonim, Revolution 2.0: The Power of the People Is Greater Than the People in Power (New York, NY: Houghton Miffin Harcourt, 2012).

Глава 2

1a. M. Specter, "The Operator," New Yorker, February 4, 2013, http://www.new yorker.com/reporting/
2013/02/04/130204fa_fact_specter?currentPage=all.

1b. H. Brubach, "Dislocation, Italian Style," New York Times, July 18, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/19/opinion/sunday/dislocation-italian-style.html?ref=opinion.

2. J. Aw, "Patients Who Question Their Doctors Are Changing the Face of Medicine—and Physicians Are Embracing the Shift," National Post, March 11, 2014, http://life.nationalpost.com/2014/03/11/patients-who-question-their-doctors-are-changing-the-face-of-medicine-and-physicians-are-embracing-the-shift/.

3. B. J. Fikes, "The Patient from the Future, Here Today," San Diego Union Tribune, March 5, 2014, http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2014/Mar/05/kim-goodsell-genomic-medicine-topol/.

4. K. Goodsell, "Profile on Kim Goodsell," Wireless Life-Sciences Alliance, accessed August 13, 2014, http://wirelesslifesciences.org/summit-speakers/#Kim%20Goodsell.

5a. J. J. Liangetal., "LMNA-Mediated Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopthy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 2B1: a Patient-Discovered Unifying Diagnosis," Heart Rhythm Societyabstract update, 2014, http://ondemand.hrsonline.org/common/presentation-detail.aspx/15/23/1386/9568.

5b. E. Yong, "DIY Diagnosis: How an Extreme Athlete Uncovered Her Genetic Flaw Mosaic," Mosaic Science, August 19, 2014, http://mosaicscience.com/story/diy-diagnosis-how-extreme-athlete-uncovered-her-genetic-flaw.

6. "Imhotep," Wikipedia, accessed August 13, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imhotep.

7. T. Koch, Thieves of Virtue (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2012), 23.

8. R. M. Veatch, Patient, Heal Thyself (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2009).

9. J. Katz, The Silent World of Doctor and Patient (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983).

10. L. B. McCullough, "Was Bioethics Founded on Historical and Conceptual Mistakes about Medical Paternalism?" Bioethics 25, no. 2 (2011): 66 –74.

11. T. Koch, Thieves of Virtue.

12. S. F. Kurtz, "The Law of Informed Consent: From 'Doctor Is Right' to 'Patient Has Rights,'" Syracuse Law Review 50, no. 4 (2000): 1243–1260.

13. "Oath of Hippocrates," in J. Chadwick and W. Mann, Hippocratic Writings (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1950), accessed from National Institutes of Health, August 13, 2014, http://history.nih.gov/research/downloads/hippocratic.pdf.

14. S. B. Nuland, "Autonomy Amuck," New Republic Online, June 5, 2009, http://www.powells.com/review/2009_06_25.

15. L. Lasagna, "Hippocratic Oath," 1964, in P. Tyson, "The Hippocratic Oath Today," NOVA, March 27, 2001, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/hippocratic-oath-today.html.

16. Katz, The Silent World of Doctor and Patient, p. 4–8.

17. Ibid., 8.

18. Ibid., 7.

19. Veatch, Patient, Heal Thyself, p. 45.

20. Katz, The Silent World of Doctor and Patient, p. 9.

21. Ibid., 17–20.

22. Ibid., 13.

23. M. Siegler, "The Progression of Medicine From Physician Paternalism to Patient Autonomy to Bureaucratic Parsimony," Archives of Internal Medicine 145 (1985): 713–715.

24. Koch, Thieves of Virtue, 31–33.

25. American Medical Association, accessed August 13, 2014, http://www.ama-assn.org/ama.

26. R. Collier, "American Medical Association Membership Woes Continue," Canadian Medical Association Journal 183, no. 11 (2011): E713–E714.

27. R. Winslow, "The Wireless Revolution Hits Medicine," Wall Street Journal, February 14, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/
SB10001424052702303404704577311421888663472.

28. American Medical Association, Code of Medical Ethics, 1847, http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/about-ama/our-history/history-ama-ethics.page.

29. American Medical Association, Principles of Medical Ethics, 1903, http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/about-ama/our-history/history-ama-ethics.page.

30. Veatch, Patient, Heal Thyself, p. 33.

31. American Medical Association, Principles of Medical Ethics, 1958, http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/about-ama/our-history/history-ama-ethics.page.

32. American Medical Association, Principles of Medical Ethics, 1980, http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/about-ama/our-history/history-ama-ethics.page.

33. D. Oken, "What to Tell Cancer Patients: A Study of Medical Attitudes," Journal of the American Medical Association 175, no. 13 (1961): 1120 –1128.

34. S. Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies (New York, NY: Scribner, 2010).

35. Veatch, Patient, Heal Thyself, 17.

36. Ibid., 34.

37. L. Keslar, "Lucian Leape: Rooting Out Disrespect," Proto, Fall 2013, http://protomag.com/assets/interview-lucian-leape-rooting-out-disrespect.

38. L. L. Leape et al., "Perspective: A Culture of Respect, Part 2: Creating a Culture of Respect," Academic Medicine 87, no. 7 (2012): 853–858.

39. J. E. Brody, "Medical Radiation Soars, with Risks Often Overlooked," New York Times, August 20, 2012, http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/20/medical-radiation-soars-with-risks-often-overlooked/.

40. E. Topol, The Creative Destruction of Medicine (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2012), 126 –127.

41. R. F. Redberg and R. Smith-Bindman, "We Are Giving Ourselves Cancer," New York Times, January 31, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/31/opinion/we-are-giving-ourselves-cancer.html.

42. L. Landro, "Where Do You Keep All Those Images?," Wall Street Journal, April 8, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/
SB10001424127887323419104578374420820705296.

43. L. Landro, "New Tracking of a Patient's Radiation Exposure," Wall Street Journal, May 21, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/
SB10001424127887324767004578489413973896412.

44. Veatch, Patient, Heal Thyself, 69.

45. K. S. Sibert, "Today's 'Evidence-Based Medicine' May Be Tomorrow's Malpractice," aPenned-Point, February 13, 2014, http://apennedpoint.com/todays-evidence-based-medicine-may-be-tomorrows-malpractice/.

46. E. Oster, "Patients Can Face Grave Risks When Doctors Stick to the Rules Too Much," FiveThirtyEight Science, June 13, 2014, http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/patients-can-face-grave-risks-when-doctors-stick-to-the-rules-too-much/.

47. M. J. Pencina et al., "Application of New Cholesterol Guidelines to a Population-Based Sample," New England Journal of Medicine 370 (2014): 1422–1431.

48. J. D. Abramson and R. F. Redberg, "Don't Give More Patients Statins," New York Times, November 14, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/14/opinion/dont-give-more-patients-statins.html.

49. J. Karlawish, "Statins by Numbers," New York Times, November 30, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/30/opinion/statins-by-numbers.html.

50. J. P. A. Ioannidis, "More Than a Billion People Taking Statins?" Journal of the American Medical Association 311, no. 5 (2014): 463– 464.

51. H. Moses et al., "The Anatomy of Health Care in the United States," Journal of the American Medical Association 310, no. 18 (2013): 1947–1963.

52. G. Kolata, "Bumps in the Road to New Cholesterol Guidelines," New York Times, November 26, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/26/health/heart-and-stroke-study-hit-by-a-wave-of-criticism.html.

53. Veatch, Patient, Heal Thyself, 220.

54. B. McFadden, "Cholesterol Overhaul," New York Times, July 8, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2012/07/08/opinion/sunday/the-strip.html.

55. H. E. Bloomfield et al., "Screening Pelvic Examinations in Asymptomatic, Average-Risk Adult Women: An Evidence Report for a Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians," Annals of Internal Medicine 161 (2014): 46 –53.

56. L. T. Krogsbøll et al., "General Health Checks in Adults for Reducing Morbidity and Mortality from Disease: Cochrane Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," British Medical Journal 345 (2012): e7191.

57. C. Lane, "The NIMH Withdraws Support for DSM-5," Psychology Today, May 4, 2013, http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/side-effects/201305/the-nimh-withdraws-support-dsm-5.

58. D. W. Bianchi et al., "DNA Sequencing versus Standard Prenatal Aneuploidy Screening," New England Journal of Medicine 370, no. 9 (2014): 799–808.

59. N. Biller-Andorno and P. Jüni, "Abolishing Mammography Screening Programs? A View from the Swiss Medical Board," New England Journal of Medicine 370 (2014): 1965–1967.

60. T. M. Burton, "FDA Approves HPV Test That Could Be Used Instead of Pap Smear," Wall Street Journal, April 24, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/
SB10001424052702304788404579522182353831794.

61. A. Pollack, "Looser Guidelines Issued on Prostate Screening," New York Times, May 4, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/04/business/prostate-screening-guidelines-are-loosened.html.

62. American Urological Association, "AUA Releases New Clinical Guideline on Prostate Cancer Screening," news release, May 3, 2013, https://www.auanet.org/advnews/press_releases/article.cfm?articleNo=290.

63. B. Goldacre, "Statins Are a Mess: We Need Better Data, and Shared Decision Making," British Medical Journal 348 (2014): g3306.

64. Katz, The Silent World of Doctor and Patient, 39.

Глава 3

1. E. L. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1979), 243.

2. M. McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy (Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1962).

3. H. Blodget and T. Danova, "Future of Digital: 2013," Business Insider, November 12, 2013, http://www.businessinsider.com/the-future-of-digital-2013-2013-11.

4. J. Matthew, "The World's Most Expensive Book Just Sold For Over $14 Million," Business Insider, November 26, 2013, http://www.businessinsider.com/worlds-most-expensive-book-sells-for-14-million-2013-11.

5. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, 152.

6. Ibid., 159.

7. N. Silver, The Signal and the Noise (New York, NY: Penguin, 2012), 2.

8. N. Carr, The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains (New York, NY: W.W. Norton, 2010), 69.

9. Silver, The Signal and the Noise, 12.

10. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, 41.

11. McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy, 124.

12. Silver, The Signal and the Noise, 7.

13. Ibid., 3.

14. Carr, The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, 71.

15. "The Book of Jobs: Hope, Hype, and Apple's iPad," The Economist, January 30–February 5, 2010.

16. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, 75.

17. Ibid., 119.

18. McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy, 206.

19. S. Turkle, Alone Together (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2011), 166.

20. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, 132.

21. T. Standage, "Social Networking in the 1600s," New York Times, June 23, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/23/opinion/sunday/social-networking-in-the-1600s.html?pagewanted=all.

22. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, 53.

23. V. Goel, "Our Daily Cup of Facebook," New York Times, August 13, 2013, http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/08/13/our-daily-cup-of-facebook/?ref=technology&_r=0&pagewanted=print.

24. N. Silver, The Signal and the Noise, 2.

25. "The March of Protest," The Economist, June 29, 2013, http://www.economist.com/printedition/2013-06-29.

26. W. Ghonim, Revolution 2.0: The Power of the People Is Greater Than the People in Power (New York: Houghton Miffin Harcourt, 2012).

27. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, 129.

28. M. B. Hall, The Scientific Renaissance 1450 –1630 (New York, NY: Harper & Brothers, 1962), 130.

29. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, 268.

30. N. Schmidle, "A Very Rare Book," New Yorker, December 16, 2013, http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/
2013/12/16/131216fa_fact_schmidle.

31. I. Cohen, "Review of The Mathematical Papers of Isaac Newton," Scientific American 1 (1968):139–144.

32. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, 245.

33. Ibid., 179.

34. Carr, The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, 74.

35. Ericsson, "On The Pulse of the Networked Society," Ericsson Mobility Report, June 2014, http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/2014/ericsson-mobility-report-june-2014.pdf.

36. A. Toor, "Cellphones Ignite a 'Reading Revolution' in Poor Countries," The Verge, April 23, 2014, http://www.theverge.com/2014/4/23/5643058/mobile-phone-reading-illiteracy-developing-countries-unesco.

37. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, 113.

38. Ibid., 250.

39. J. Rif kin, Third Industrial Revolution (New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan, 2011), 18.

40. E. L.Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change (Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cam- bridge University Press, 2009), 32.

41. "The Ninety-Five Theses," Wikipedia, accessed August 13, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ The_Ninety-Five_Theses.

42. J. Katz, The Silent World of Doctor and Patient (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984), 7–8.

43. American Medical Association, Code of Medical Ethics, 1847, http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/about-ama/our-history/history-ama-ethics.page.

44. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, 303.

45. "Sacrosanctum Concilium," Wikipedia, accessed August 13, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Sacrosanctum_Concilium.

46. "Ad Orientem," Wikipedia, accessed August 13, 2013, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_orientem.

47. J. Schuessler, "Wired: Putting a Writer and Readers to a Test," New York Times, November 30, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/30/books/arnon-grunberg-is-writing-while-connected-to-electrodes.html.

48. "MIT Researchers Create Wearable Books," PressTV, January 30, 2014, http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2014/01/30/348428/mit-researchers-create-wearable-books/.

Глава 4

1. A. Jolie, "My Medical Choice," New York Times, May 14, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/14/opinion/my-medical-choice.html.

2. "23andMe and the FDA: A Regulator Brings a Genetic Company to a Halt," The Economist, November 30, 2013, http://www.economist.com/news/business/21590941-regulator-brings-genetics-company-halt-and-fda/print.

3. M. Dowd, "Cascading Confessions," New York Times, May 15, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/15/opinion/dowd-cascading-confessions.html.

4. "Angelina Jolie," Wikipedia, accessed August 13, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelina_Jolie.

5. K. Blake, "Angelina Jolie Effect: Breast Cancer Awareness vs. Knowledge," Health News from Health Canal, December 20, 2013, http://www.healthcanal.com/cancers/breast-cancer/46121-angelina-jolie-effect-breast-cancer-awareness-vs-knowledge.html.

6. A. L. Caplan, "The Actress, the Court, and What Needs to Be Done to Guarantee the Future of

Clinical Genomics," PLoS Biology 11, no. 9 (2013): e1001663.

7. T. E. Board, "Angelina Jolie's Disclosure," New York Times, May 18, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/18/opinion/angelina-jolies-disclosure.html.

8. D. L. G. Borzekowski et al., "The Angelina Effect: Immediate Reach, Grasp, and Impact of Going Public," Genetics in Medicine, December 19, 2013, http://www.nature.com/gim/journal/vaop/ ncurrent/pdf/gim2013181a.pdf.

9. A. Breznican, "Angelina Jolie Recounts 'All the Kindness' That Helped Her Through Her HealthScare," Entertainment Weekly, March 5, 2014, http://insidemovies.ew.com/2014/03/05/angelina-jolie-health-exclusive/.

10. E. Christakis, "Angelina's Mastectomy: Altered Bodies Are Already the Norm," TIME, May 15, 2013, http://ideas.time.com/2013/05/15/angelinas-surgery-altered-body-parts-are-already-the-norm/print/.

11. L . Rothman, "Angelina Jolie's Public-Image Turnaround," TIME , May 14, 2013, http://entertainment.time.com/2013/05/14/angelina-jolies-public-image-turnaround/print/.

12. J. Kluger and A. Park, "The Angelina Effect," TIME, May 27, 2013, http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/
printout/0,8816,2143559,00.html.

13. D. Kotz, "Increase in Breast Cancer Gene Screening: The Angelina Jolie Effect," Boston Globe, December 3, 2013, http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/health/blogs/daily-dose/2013/12/03/increase-breast-cancer-gene-screening-the-angelina-jolie-effect/2HsXjeZh6MdTE5B8T3nGMI/blog.html.

14. L. Corner, "Why Are More Women Having Mastectomies?," The Independent, December 1, 2013, http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/features/why-are-more-women-having-mastectomies-8969889.html.

15. P. Orenstein, "Reacting to Angelina Jolie's Breast Cancer News," 6th Floor, May 15, 2013, http://6thfloor.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/15/reacting-to-angelina-jolies-breast-cancer-news/.

16. K. Pickert, "Lessons from Angelina: The Tricky Calculus of Cancer Testing," TIME, May 15, 2013, http://nation.time.com/2013/05/15/lessons-from-angelina-the-tricky-calculus-of-cancer-testing/print/.

17. P. B. Bach, "A Pioneering Force," Town & Country, October 2013, http://www.townandcountrymag.com/print-this/dr-kristi-funk-pink-lotus?page=all.

18. K. Funk, "A Patient's Journey: Angelina Jolie," Breast Cancer 101, May 14, 2013, http://pinklotusbreastcenter.com/breast-cancer-101/2013/05/a-patients-journey-angelina-jolie/.

19. A. W. Kepler, "Angelina Jolie's Aunt Dies of Breast Cancer," New York Times, May 27, 2013, http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/27/angelina-jolies-aunt-dies-of-breast-cancer/.

20. M. Melton, "Dr. Kristi Funk," Los Angeles Magazine, September 10, 2013, http://www.lamag.com/lawoman/article/2013/09/10/dr-kristi-funk.

21. R. C. Rabin, "No Easy Choices on Breast Reconstruction," New York Times, May 20, 2013, http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/20/no-easy-choices-on-breast-reconstruction/.

22. D. Grady, T. Parker-Pope, and P. Belluck, "Jolie's Disclosure of Preventive Mastectomy High- lights Dilemma," New York Times, May 15, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/15/health/angelina-jolies-disclosure-highlights-a-breast-cancer-dilemma.html.

23. H. D. Nelson et al., "Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing for BRCA- Related Cancer in Women: A Systematic Review to Update the US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation," Annals of Internal Medicine 160 (2014): 255–266.

24. G. Rennert et al., "Clinical Outcomes of Breast Cancer in Carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations," New England Journal of Medicine 357, no. 2 (2007): 115–123.

25. R. Winslow, "Early Ovary Removal Reduces Long-Term Cancer Risk: Study," Wall Street Journal, February 24, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/article_email/
SB100014240527023048347045794034
21175065210
-lMyQ jAxMTA0MDIwNTEyNDUyWj.

26. A. P. Finch et al., "Impact of Oophorectomy on Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation," Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 15 (2014): 1549–1554.

27. N. D. Kauff et al., "Risk-Reducing Salpingo-oophorectomy in Women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation," New England Journal of Medicine 346, no. 21 (2002): 1609–1615.

28. S. J. Hoffman and C. Tan, "Following Celebrities' Medical Advice: Meta-Narrative Analysis," British Medical Journal 347 (2013): f 7151.

29. J. Bulluz and S. J. Hoffman, "Katie Couric and the Celebrity Medicine Syndrome," Los Angeles Times, December 18, 2013, http://www.latimes.com/opinion/commentary/la-oe-hoffman-celebrities-health-advice-20131218,0,3861833.story.

30. K. Kamenova, A. Reshef, and T. Caulfield, "Angelina Jolie's Faulty Gene: Newspaper Coverage of a Celebrity's Preventive Bilateral Mastectomy in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom," Genetics in Medicine 16, no. 7 (2013): 522–528, http://www.nature.com/gim/journal/
vaop/ncurrent/full/gim2013199a.html.

31. "Myriad Genetics Q1 Revenues Shoot up 52 Percent; Angelina Jolie Effect Cited," GenomeWeb, November 6, 2013, http://www.genomeweb.com/clinical-genomics/myriad-genetics-q1-revenues-shoot-52-percent-angelina-jolie-effect-cited.

32. R. C. Rabin, "In Israel, a Push to Screen for Cancer Gene Leaves Many Conflicted," New York Times, November 27, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/27/health/in-israel-a-push-to-screen-for-cancer-gene-leaves-many-conflicted.html.

33. E. Murphy, "Inside 23andMe Founder Anne Wojcicki's $99 DNA Revolution," Fast Company, October 14, 2013: http://www.fastcompany.com/3018598/for-99-this-ceo-can-tell-you-what-might-kill-you-inside-23andme-founder-anne-wojcickis-dna-r.

34. FDA, "Inspections, Compliance, Enforcement, and Criminal Investigations: Warning Letter to Ann Wojcicki," November 22, 2013, http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/EnforcementActions/
WarningLetters/2013/ucm376296.htm.

35. A. Pollack, "FDA Orders Genetic Testing Firm to Stop Selling DNA Analysis Service," New York Times, November 26, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/26/business/fda-demands-a-halt-to-a-dna-test-kits-marketing.html.

36. A. Pollack, "Genetic Tester to Stop Providing Data on Health Risks," New York Times, December 6, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/06/business/genetic-tester-to-stop-providing-data-on-health-risks.html.

37. F. Polli, "Why 23andMe Deserves a Second Chance," Forbes, January 14, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/fridapolli/2014/01/14/why-23andme-deserves-a-second-chance/.

38. T. Ray, "Facing FDA Warning Letter and Lawsuit, Can 23andMe Stay True to Its DTC Credo in 15 Days?," GenomeWeb, December 4, 2013, http://www.genomeweb.com/print/1319176?utm_source=SilverpopMai%C9 PGx Uncertainty.

39. R. Rekhi, "A Government Ban on 23andMe's Genetic Testing Services Ignores Reality," The Guardian, December 4, 2013, http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/04/23andme-consumer-genomics-fda-ban-regulation/print.

40. R. Khan, "The FDA's Battle With 23andMe Won't Mean Anything in the Long Run," Slate, November 25, 2013, http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2013/11/25/fda _letter_to_23andme_won_t_mean_anything_in_the_long_run.html.

41. R. Khan and D. Mittelman, "Rumors of the Death of Consumer Genomics Are Greatly Exaggerated," Genome Biology 14 (2013): 139, http://genomebiology.com/2013/14/11/139.

42. C. J. Janssens, "It Is Game Over for 23andMe, and Rightly So," The Conversation, November 26, 2013, http://theconversation.com/it-is-game-over-for-23andme-and-rightly-so-20744.

43. L. Jamal, "What Do We Gain or Lose by Regulating 23andMe?," Berman Institute of Bioethics Bulletin, November 27, 2013, http://bioethicsbulletin.org/archive/what-do-we-gain-or-lose-by-regulating-23andme/print/.

44. T. Hay, "23andMe Flap With FDA Just a Bump in the Road, One Genetics-Testing Investor Says," Wall Street Journal, December 16, 2013, http://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2013/12/16/23andme-flap-with-fda-just-a-bump-in-the-road-one-genetics-testing-investor-says/tab/print/.

45. H. Greely, "The FDA Drops an Anvil on 23andMe—Now What?," Law and Biosciences Blog, November 25, 2013, https://blogs.law.stanford.edu/lawandbiosciences/2013/11/25/the-fda-drops-an-anvil-on-23andme-now-what/.

46. M. F. Murray, "Why We Should Care About What We Get for 'Only $99' From a Personal Genomic Service," Annals of Internal Medicine 160, no. 7 (2014): 507–508.

47. G. Neff, "In the Battle Over Personal Health Data, 23andMe and the FDA Are Both Wrong," Slate, December 13, 2013, http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2013/
12/13/_23andme_vs_the_fda_both_are_wrong.html.

48. R. Bailey, "Let My Genes Go! And Leave 23andMe Alone," Reason.com, November 29, 2013, http://reason.com/archives/2013/11/29/why-the-fda-should-leave-23andme-alone/print.

49. S. Usdin, "The Sky Isn't Falling," BioCentury, June 17, 2013, http://www.biocentury.com/biotech-pharma-news/politics/2013-06-17/scotus-myriad-protects-biotech-patenting-but-leaves-important-gray-areas-a13.

50. E. Vayena, "Direct-to-Consumer Genomics on the Scales of Autonomy," Journal of Medical Ethics, May 5, 2014, http://jme.bmj.com/content/early/2014/05/05/medethics-2014-102026.full.

51. J. K. Wagner, "The Sky Is Falling for Personal Genomics! Oh, Nevermind. It's Just a Cease & Desist Letter from the FDA to 23andMe," Genomics Law Report, December 3, 2013, http://www.genomicslawreport.com/index.php/2013/12/03/the-sky-is-falling-for-personal-genomics-oh-nevermind-its-just-a-cease-desist-letter-from-the-fda-to-23andme/.

52. "Doing the Genomic Revolution Right," Huffngton Post, December 20, 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tricia-page/doing-the-genomic-revolution-right_b_4480887.html?view=print&comm_ref=false.

53. A. J. Burke, "23andMe's FDA Battle Provokes Furious Debate," Techonomy, December 2, 2013, http://techonomy.com/2013/12/just-tip-iceberg-23andme-medicine/.

54. "Multiple Testing an Issue for 23andMe," Bits of DNA, November 30, 2013, http://liorpachter.wordpress.com/2013/11/30/23andme-genotypes-are-all-wrong/.

55. "23andMe: State of Debate," Bio-IT World, November 27, 2013, http://www.bio-itworld.com/2013/11/27/23andme-state-of-debate.html.

56. M. Hiltzik, "23andMe's Genetic Tests Are More Misleading Than Helpful," Los Angeles Times, December 15, 2013, http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-hiltzik-20131215,0,1359952.column.

57. K. Hill, "The FDA Just Ruined Your Plans to Buy 23andMe's DNA Test as a Christmas Present," Forbes, November 25, 2013, http://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2013/11/25/fda-23andme/.

58. L. Kish, "The Social Conquest of Medicine: The 23andMe and Conflict," HL7 Standards, January 7, 2014, http://www.hl7standards.com/blog/2014/01/07/23andme/.

59. J. Kiss, "23andMe Admits FDA Order 'Significantly Slowed Up' New Customers," The Guardian, March 9, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/mar/09/google-23andme-anne-wojcicki-genetics-healthcare-dna/print.

60. A. Krol, "Show, Don't Tell: 23andMe Pursues Health Research in the Shadow of the FDA,"Bio-IT World, March 24, 2014, http://www.bio-it world.com/2014/3/24/show-dont-tell-23andme-pursues-health-research-shadow-fda.html.

61. D. Kroll, "Why The FDA Can't Be Flexible With 23andMe," Forbes, November 28, 2013, http://www.forbes.com/sites/davidkroll/2013/11/28/why-the-fda-cant-be-flexible-with-23andme-by-law/.

62. P. Loftus, "23andMe Stops Genetic Test Marketing," Wall Street Journal, December 2, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/
SB10001424052702304579404579234503409624522.

63. P. Loftus, "Genetic Test Service 23andMe Ordered to Halt Marketing by FDA," Wall Street Journal, November 25, 2013: http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/
SB10001424052702304281004579219893863966448.

64. P. Loftus and R. Winslow, "23andMe CEO Responds to FDA Warning Letter," Wall Street Journal, November 27, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/
SB10001424052702303332904579224093983156448.

65. G. Lyon, "Stopping 23andMe Will Only Delay the Revolution Medicine Needs," The Conversation, November 25, 2013, http://theconversation.com/stopping-23andme-will-only-delay-the-revolution-medicine-needs-20743.

66. V. Hughes, "23 a nd You," Medium, December 4, 2013, https://medium.com/matter/66e87553d22c.

67. "The FDA vs. 23andMe: A Lesson for Health Care Entrepreneurs," Knowledge at Wharton(K@W), December 18, 2013, http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/fda-vs-23andme-lesson-health-care-entrepreneurs/.

68. R. Bailey, "Leave 23andMe Alone," Reason.com, February 25, 2014, http://reason.com/archives/2014/02/25/leave-23andme-alone/print.

69. H. Binswanger, "FDA Says, 'No Gene Test for You: You Can't Handle the Truth,'" Forbes, November 26, 2013, http://www.forbes.com/sites/harrybinswanger/2013/11/26/fda-says-no-gene-test-for-you-you-cant-handle-the-truth/.

70. M. Allison, "Direct-to-Consumer Genomics Reinvents Itself," Nature Biotechnology 30, no. 11 (2012): 1027–1029.

71. G. J. Annas and S. Elias, "23andMe and the FDA," New England Journal of Medicine 370 (2014): 985–988.

72. M. White, "The FDA is Not Anti-Genetics," Pacific Standard, January 17, 2014: http://www.psmag.com/navigation/nature-and-technology/fda-anti-genetics-72987/.

73. C. Wood, "Does the FDA Think You're Stupid?," Casey Research, December 5, 2013, http://www.caseyresearch.com/cdd/does-the-fda-think-youre-stupid.

74. C. Farr, "23andMe Remains Optimistic Despite FDA Issues: 'We Are Not Going Anywhere' (Exclusive)," Venture Beat, December 7, 2013, http://venturebeat.com/2013/12/07/23andme-remains-defiant-despite-fda-issues-we-are-not-going-anywhere-exclusive/2/.

75. L. Downes and P. Nunes, "Regulating 23andMe to Death Won't Stop the New Age of Genetic Testing," Wired, January 1, 2014, http://www.wired.com/opinion/2014/01/the-fda-may-win-the-battle-this-holiday-season-but-23andme-will-win-the-war/.

76. N. S. Downing and J. S. Ross, "Innovation, Risk, and Patient Empowerment The FDA-Mandated Withdrawal of 23andMe's Personal Genome Service," Journal of the American Medical Association 311, no. 8 (2014): 793–794.

77. "Irresistible Force Meets Immoveable Object," Nature Biotechnology 32, no. 1 (2014): 1.

78. D. Dobbs, "The F.D.A. vs. Personal Genetic Testing," New Yorker, November 27, 2013, http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/elements/2013/11/the-fda-vs-personal-genetic-testing.html?printable=true&currentPage=all.

79. G. Marchant, "The FDA Could Set Personal Genetics Rights Back Decades," Slate, November 26, 2013, http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense
/2013/11/_23andme_fda_letter_premarket_approval_
requirement_could_kill_at_home_genetic.html.

80. U. Francke et al., "Dealing with the Unexpected: Consumer Responses to Direct-Access BRCA Mutation Testing," PeerJ, February 12, 2013, https://peerj.com/articles/8/.

81. R. Epstein, "The FDA Strikes Again: Its Ban on Home Testing Kits Is, as Usual, Likely to Do More Harm Than Good," Point of Law, November 27, 2013: http://www.pointoflaw.com/archives/2013/11/t.php.

82. A. Wolfe, "Anne Wojcicki's Quest for Better Health Care," Wall Street Journal, June 27, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/articles/anne-wojcickis-quest-for-better-health-care-1403892088.

83. C. Bloss, N. Schork, and E. Topol, "Effect of Direct-to-Consumer Genomewide Profiling to Assess Disease Risk," New England Journal of Medicine 364, no. 6 (2011): 524–534.

84. R. C. Green and N. A. Farahany, "The FDA Is Overcautious on Consumer Genomics," Nature 505 (2014): 2.

85. R. Leuty, "23andMe's Andy Page Gets Disruptive with the Masses," San Francisco Business Times, October 22, 2013, http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/blog/biotech/
2013/10/23andme-andy-page-anne-wojcicki.html?page=all.

86. N. Fliesler, "Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing: A Case of Potential Harm," Boston Children's Hospital science and clinical innovation blog, May 5, 2014, http://vectorblog.org/2014/05/direct-to-consumer-genetic-testing-a-case-of-potential-harm/.

87. S. Pasha, "23andMe Revealed a Condition It Took My Doctors Six Years to Diagnose," Quartz, November 28, 2013, http://qz.com/151817/23andme-revealed-a-condition-it-took-my-doctors-six-years-to-diagnose/.

88. "The FDA and Thee," Wall Street Journal, November 25, 2013: http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/
SB10001424052702304465604579220003539640102.

89. M. A. Hamburg, "FDA Supports Development of Innovative Genetic Tests," Wall Street Journal, December 3, 2013: http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/
SB10001424052702304011304579222111609444156.

90. F. S. Collins and M. A. Hamburg, "First FDA Authorization for Next-Generation Sequencer," New England Journal of Medicine 369 (2013): 2369–2371.

91. "Regulation of Laboratory Developed Tests (LDTs)," American Society for Clinical Pathology, 2010, http://www.ascp.org/PDF/Advocacy/Regulation-of-laboratory-developed-tests-LDTs.aspx.

92. P. Offt, Do You Believe in Magic? (New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2013).

93. A. O'Connor, "Spike in Harm to Liver Is Tied to Dietary Aids," New York Times, December 22, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/22/us/spike-in-harm-to-liver-is-tied-to-dietary-aids.html.

94. J. Pickrell, "Should the FDA Regulate the Interpretation of Traditional Epidemiology?," Genomes Unzipped, February 12, 2013, http://www.genomesunzipped.org/2013/12/should-the-fda-regulate-the-interpretation-of-traditional-epidemiology.php.

95. D. Dobbs, "Is the National Cancer Institute Telling Me to Remove My Breasts?," Neuron Culture, December 2, 2013, http://daviddobbs.net/smoothpebbles/is-the-national-cancer-institute-telling-me-to-remove-my-breasts/.

96. M. Eisen, "FDA vs. 23andMe: How Do We Want Genetic Testing to Be Regulated?," it is NOT junk, November 26, 2013, http://www.michaeleisen.org/blog/?p=1480.

97. "The FDA and me," Nature 504 (2013): 7–8.

98. C. Seife, "23andMe Is Terrifying, but Not for the Reasons the FDA Thinks," Scientific American, November 27, 2013, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=23andme-is-terrifying-but-not-for-reasons-fda.

99. A. R. Venkitaraman, "Cancer Suppression by the Chromosome Custodians, BRCA1 and BRCA2," Science 343 (2014): 1470 –1475.

100. D. B. Agus, "The Outrageous Cost of a Gene Test," New York Times, May 21, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/21/opinion/the-outrageous-cost-of-a-gene-test.html.

101. Supreme Court of the United States, "Association for Molecular Pathology et al. versus Myriad Genetics, Inc., et al." SCOTUS, 2013, http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/12pdf/12-398_1b7d.pdf.

102. M. Specter, "Can We Patent Life?," New Yorker, April 1, 2013, http://www.new­yorker.com/online/blogs/elements/2013/04/myriad-genetics-patent-genes.html.

103. E. Marshall, "Supreme Court Rules Out Patents on 'Natural' Genes," Science 340 (2013): 1387–1388.

104. N. Feldman, "The Supreme Court's Bad Science on Gene Patents," Bloomberg View, June 13, 2013, http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2013-06-13/the-supreme-court-s-bad-science-on-gene-patents.

105. R. Cook-Deegan, "Are Human Genes Patentable?" Annals of Internal Medicine 159, no. 4 (2013): 298–299.

106. N. Totenberg, "Supreme Court Asks: Can Human Genes Be Patented?," NPR Shots, April 15, 2013, http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/04/15/177035299/supreme-court-asks-can-human-genes-be-patented.

107. E. J. Topol, "DNA & Supreme Court: Nature Cannot Be Patented," Union-Tribune San Diego, April 27, 2013, http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2013/apr/27/dna-supreme-court-nature-cannot-be-patented/.

108. J. Guo, "The Supreme Court Reveals Its Ignorance of Genetics," New Republic, June 13, 2013, http://www.newrepublic.com//article/113476/supreme-court-genetics-ruling-reveals-judges-ignorance.

109. D. J. Kevles, "Can They Patent Your Genes?," New York Review of Books, March 7, 2013, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2013/mar/07/can-they-patent-your-genes/.

110. C. Y. Johnson, "Eric Lander Weighs In on Gene Patenting Case," Boston Globe, February 26, 2013, http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/health-wellness/2013/02/26/eric-lander-human-genome-project-leader-weighs-supreme-court-gene-patenting-case/EjRae5IRYwUYRVLg6NXTZL/story.html.

111. L. O. Gostin, "Who Owns Human Genes? Is DNA Patentable?," Journal of the American Medical Association 310, no. 8 (2013): 791–792.

112. G. Mohan, "Researchers Hail Supreme Court Decision on Gene Patent," Los Angeles Times, June 13, 2013,: http://www.latimes.com/news/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-gene-patent-reaction-20130613,0,6362625,print.story.

113. H. Ledford, "Myriad Ruling Causes Confusion," Nature 498 (2013): 281–282.

114. S. Reardon, "I Discovered the BRCA Genes," Slate, June 15, 2013, http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/
new_scientist/2013/06/brca_gene_discovery_mary_
claire_king_says_the_supreme_court_is_right_not.html.

115. J. Carlson, "Myriad Stock Falls as Competitors Offer Lower Prices for Gene Testing," Modern Healthcare, June 13, 2013, http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20130613/NEWS/306139947/.

116. J. Walker, "Reimbursement for Breast-Cancer Risk Test to Be Cut," Wall Street Journal, December 29, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/article_email/
SB100014240527023043616045792885916175
75358
-lMyQjAxMTA0MDIwOTEyNDkyWj.

117. C. Gunter, "SCOTUS Ruling Means Cheaper Genetic Testing," Double X Science, June 14, 2013, http://www.doublexscience.org/myriad-genetics-ruling/.

118. J. Carlson, "'The Cost Will Drop,'" Modern Healthcare, June 15, 2013, http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/
20130615/MAGAZINE/306159974/.

119. M. Scudellari, "Myriad Sues Developers of Competing Breast Cancer Tests," Nature Medicine 19, no. 8 (2013): 948.

120. R. Nussbaum, "Free Our Genetic Data," MIT Technology Review, July 25, 2013, http://www.technologyreview.com/view/517526/free-our-genetic-data/.

121. "Life on Mars? Discover Magazine Announces the Top 100 Stories of 2013," Discover, Jan–Feb 2014, http://discovermagazine.com/2014/jan-feb.

Глава 5

1. A. Pentland, "How Big Data Can Transform Society for the Better," Scientific American, October 1, 2014, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-big-data-can-transform-society-for-the-better/.

2. S. Lohr, "Sizing Up Big Data, Broadening Beyond the Internet," New York Times, June 19, 2013, http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/19/sizing-up-big-data-broadening-beyond-the-internet/.

3. "Epidemiolog y," Wikipedia, accessed August 13, 2014, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology.

4. J. L. Gardy et al., "Whole-Genome Sequencing and Social-Network Analysis of a Tuberculosis Outbreak," The New England Journal of Medicine 364 (2011): 730 –739.

5. E. Topol, "Individualized Medicine from Prewomb to Tomb," Cell 157 (2014): 241–253.

6. T. Simonite, "Life's Trajectory Seen Through Facebook Data," MIT Technology Review, April 24, 2013, http://www.technologyreview.com/view/514186/lifes-trajectory-seen-through-facebook-data/.

7. A. Regalado, "Stephen Wolfram on Personal Analytics," MIT Technology Review, May 8, 2013, http://www.technologyreview.com/news/514356/stephen-wolfram-on-personal-analytics/.

8. N. A. Christakis and J. H. Fowler, Connected (New York, NY: Little, Brown and Co., 2009).

9. "Phenotype," Wikipedia, accessed August 13, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotype.

10. "Microphones as Sensors: Teaching Old Microphones New Tricks," The Economist, June 1, 2013, http://www.economist.com/news/technology-quarterly/21578518-sensor-technology-microphones-are-designed-capture-sound-they-turn-out.

11. G. Slabodkin, "Study: iPhone App for Speech Laterality Just as Reliable as Lab Brain Tests,"FierceMobileHealthcare, February 12, 2013, http://www.fiercemobilehealthcare.com/story/study-iphone-app-speech-laterality-just-reliable-lab-brain-tests/2013-02-12.

12. I. Ezkurdia et al., "Multiple Evidence Strands Suggest That There May Be as Few as 19,000 Human Protein-Coding Genes," Human Molecular Genetics, June 16, 2014, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24939910.

13. A. Butte, "Should Healthy People Have Their Genomes Sequenced at This Time?," Wall Street Journal, February 15, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB1000087
2396390443884104577645783975993656.

14. E. C. Hayden, "Non-Invasive Method Devised to Sequence DNA of Human Eggs," Nature News & Comment, December 19, 2013, http://www.nature.com/news/non-invasive-method-devised-to-sequence-dna-of-human-eggs-1.14412.

15. R. W. Taylor et al., "Use of Whole-Exome Sequencing to Determine the Genetic Basis of Multiple Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complex Deficiencies," Journal of the American Medical Association 312, no. 1 (2014): 68–77.

16. J. Lupski, "Genetics. Genome Mosaicism— One Human, Multiple Genomes," Science 341 (2013): 358–359.

17. M. J. McConnell et al., "Mosaic Copy Number Variation in Human Neurons," Science 342 (2013): 632.

18. I. Cho and M. Blaser, "The Human Microbiome: At the Interface of Health and Disease," Nature Reviews Genetics 13 (2012): 260 –270.

19. R. Chen et al., "Personal Omics Profiling Reveals Dynamic Molecular and Medical Phenotypes," Cell 148 (2012): 1293–1307.

20. E. Aiden and J.-B. Michel, "The Predictive Power of Big Data," Newsweek, December 25, 2013, http://www.newsweek.com/predictive-power-big-data-225125.

21. R. Almeling, "The Unregulated Sperm Industry," New York Times, December 1, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/01/opinion/sunday/the-unregulated-sperm-industry.html .

22. M. Allyse and M. Michie, "You Can't Predict Destiny by Designing Your Baby's Genome," Wall Street Journal, November 8, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424
052702304448204579182353852538422.

23. G. Naik, "'Designer Babies:' Patented Process Could Lead to Selection of Genes for Specific Traits," Wall Street Journal, October 3, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052
702303492504579113293429460678.html.

24. S. Morain, M. Greene, and M. Mello, "A New Era of Noninvasive Prenatal Testing," New England Journal of Medicine 369 (2013): 499–501.

25. A. Agarwal et al., "Commercial Landscape of Noninvasive Prenatal Testing in the United States," Prenatal Diagnosis 33 (2013): 521–531.

26. Illumina, "Verinata Health's verifi® Prenatal Test Available Through the California Prenatal Screening Program," Illumina Investor Relations News Release, November 1, 2013, http://investor.illumina.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=121127&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1871236&highlight=.

27. A. Schaffer, "Too Much Information," MIT Technology Review, December 17, 2013, http://www.technologyreview.com/review/522661/too-much-information/.

28. A. D. Marcus, "Genetic Testing Leaves More Patients Living in Limbo," Wall Street Journal, November 20, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100014240
52702303755504579206000052566432.

29. B. Wilcken, "Newborn Screening: Gaps in the Evidence," Science 342 (2013): 197–198.

30. E. Gabler, "Delays at Hospitals Across the Country Undermine Newborn Screening Programs, Putting Babies at Risk of Disability and Death," Journal Sentinel, November 16, 2013, http://www.jsonline.com/watchdog/watchdogreports/Deadly-Delays-Watchdog-Report-Delays-at-hospitals-across-the-country-undermine-newborn-screening-programs-putting-babies-at-risk-of-disability-and-death-228832111.html.

31. R. Greenfield, "Tracked Since Birth: The Rise of Extreme Baby Monitoring," Fast Company, November 15, 2013, http://www.fastcompany.com/3021601/innovation-agents/tracked-since-birth-the-pros-and-cons-of-extreme-baby-monitoring.

32. D. Epstein, The Sports Gene (New York, NY: Penguin, 2013), 256.

33. W. Koh et al., "Noninvasive In Vivo Monitoring of Tissue-Specific Global Gene Expression in Humans," PNAS Early Edition, May 2, 2014, http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/05/02/1405528111.

34. A. R. McLean, "Coming to an Airport Near You," Science 342 (2013): 1330 –1331.

35. M. R. Wilson et al., "Actionable Diagnosis of Neuroleptospirosis by Next-Generation Sequencing," New England Journal of Medicine, June 19, 2014, http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1401268.

36. J. N. Weinstein et al., "The Cancer Genome Atlas Pan-Cancer Analysis Project," Nature Genetics 45, no. 10 (2013): 1113–1120.

37. G. Frampton et al., "Development and Validation of a Clinical Cancer Genomic Profiling Test Based on Massively Parallel DNA Sequencing," Nature Biotechnology 31 (2013): 1023–1031.

38. J. Couzin-Frankel, "Cancer Immunotherapy," Science 342 (2013): 1432–1433.

39. A. L. Williams et al., "Sequence Variants in SLC16A11 Are a Common Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes in Mexico," Nature 506 (2014): 97–101.

40. J. C. Florez et al., "Association of a Low-Frequency Variant in HNF1A With Type 2 Diabetes in a Latino Population," Journal of the American Medical Association 311, no. 22 (2014): 2305–2314.

41. I. Moltke et al., "A Common Greenlandic TBC1D4 Variant Confers Muscle Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes," Nature, June 18, 2014, http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/
vaop/ncurrent/full/nature13425.html.

42. A. R. Harper and E. J. Topol, "Pharmacogenomics in Clinical Practice and Drug Development," Nature Biotechnology 30, no. 11 (2012): 1117–1124.

43. C.-H. Chen et al., "Variant GADL1 and Response to Lithium Therapy in Bipolar I Disorder," New England Journal of Medicine 370 (2013): 119–128.

44. A. B. Jorgensen et al., "Loss-of-Function Mutations in APOC3 and Risk of Ischemic Vascular Disease," New England Journal of Medicine, July 3, 2014, http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1308027.

45. A. K. Pandey et al., "Functionally Enigmatic Genes: A Case Study of the Brain Ignorome," PLoSOne 9, no. 2 (2014): 1–11.

46. M. M. Newman, "Sudden Cardiac Arrest: A Healthcare Crisis," Sudden Cardiac Arrest Foundation, 2013, accessed August 18, 2014 http://www.sca-aware.org/about-sca.

Глава 6

1. A. Sabar, "Inside the Technology That Can Turn Your Smartphone into a Personal Doctor," Smithsonian, May 2014, http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/inside-technology-can-turn-your-smartphone-personal-doctor-180951177/?no-ist.

2. R. Parloff, "This CEO Is Out for Blood," Fortune, June 12, 2014, http://fortune.com/2014/06/12/theranos-blood-holmes/.

3. D. Goldhill, "'Catastrophic Care': An Exchange," New York Review of Books, October 24, 2013, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2013/oct/24/catastrophic-care-exchange/.

4. D. Sipress, "It's a simple stress test—I do your blood work, send it to the lab, and never get back to you with the results," New Yorker, accessed August 18, 2014, http://www.condenaststore.com/-sp/It-s-a-simple-stress-test-I-do-your-blood-work-send-it-to-the-lab-and-n-Prints_i9373568_.html.

5. J. Rago, "Elizabeth Holmes: The Breakthrough of Instant Diagnosis," Wall Street Journal, September 8, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB100014241278873241230045790550 03869574012.html - printMode.

6. D. Hernandez, "What Health Care Needs Is a Real-Time Snapshot of You," Wired Science, November 6, 2013, http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/11/wired-data-life-theranos.

7. L. H. Bernstein, "Stanford Dropout Is Already Drawing Comparisons with Steve Jobs," Pharmaceutical Magazine, November 26, 2013, http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/11/26/stanford-dropout-is-already-drawing-comparisons-with-steve-jobs/.

8. Theranos, "Welcome to a Revolution in Lab Testing," accessed August 13, 2014, http://www.theranos.com.

9. E. J. Topol and E. Holmes, "Creative Disruption? She's 29 and Set to Reboot Lab Medi­cine," Medscape, November 18, 2013, http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/814233_print.

10. F. N. Pelzman, "Patients Must Be Given the Results of Their Tests," KevinMD, November 28, 2013, http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2013/11/patients-results-tests.html.

11. T. D. Giardina and H. Singh, "Should Patients Get Direct Access to Their Laboratory Test Results?," Journal of the American Medical Association 306, no. 22 (2011): 2502.

12. K. Christensen, "Viewing Laboratory Test Results Online: Patients' Actions and Reactions," Journal of Participatory Medicine, October 3, 2013, http://www.jopm.org/evidence/research/2013/10/03/viewing-laboratory-test-results-online-patients-actions-and-reactions/.

13. B. Snow, "Online Blood Work: No Doctor's Visit Required," Fox News, April 5, 2014, http://www.foxnews.com/health/2014/04/05/online-blood-work-no-doctors-visit-required/.

14. M. Cohen, "HHS Says Labs Must Give Patients Access to Test Results. So, What Does That Really Mean?," MedCity News, February 12, 2014, http://medcitynews.com/2014/02/hhs-says-labs-must-give-patients-access-test-results-really-mean/.

15. M. Beck, "New Rule Grants Patients Direct Access to Lab Results," Wall Street Journal, February 3, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB1000142
4052702303442704579360901817015152.

16. D. Harlow, "Patients to Have Right to Access Lab Test Result Data—Finally!," e-Patients, February 4, 2014, http://e-patients.net/archives/2014/02/patients-to-have-right-to-access-lab-test-result-data.html.

17. J. Conn, "HHS Issues Rule Granting Patients Direct Access to Lab Test Results," Modern Healthcare, February 3, 2014, http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20140203/
NEWS/302039958/h%C9rce=articlelink&utm_medium
=website&utm_campaign=Todays.

18. R. Pear, "Medical Boards Draft Plan to Ease Path to Out-of-State and Online Treatment," New York Times, June 30, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/30/us/medical-boards-draft-plan-to-ease-path-to-out-of-state-and-online-treatment.html.

19a. K. Sebelius, "HHS Strengthens Patients' Right to Access Lab Test Reports," HHS.gov, February 3, 2014, http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2014pres/02/20140203a.html.

19b. M. J. Young, E. Scheinberg, and H. Bursztajn, "Direct-to-Patient Laboratory Test Reporting: Balancing Access with Effective Clinical Communication," Journal of the American Medical Association 312, no. 2 (2014): 127–128.

20. A. Jha, "The Incredible Shrinking Laboratory or 'Lab-on-a-Chip,'" The Guardian, November 28, 2011, http://www.theguardian.com/science/2011/nov/28/incredible-shrinking-laboratory-lab-chip.

21. R. Komatireddy and E. J. Topol, "Medicine Unplugged: The Future of Laboratory Medicine," Clinical Chemistry 58, no. 12 (2012): 1644–1647.

22. M. Kim, "Imagine a Smartphone Medical Lab," philly.com, January 6, 2014, http://www.philly.com/philly/health/20140105
_Imagine_a_smartphone_medical_lab.html.

23. "Spit on Your iPhone to Diagnose Diseases," Lab Test Consult, December 2, 2011, http://www.labtestconsult.com/spit-on-your-iphone-to-diagnose-diseases/.

24. J. Hewitt, "Turning the Smartphone from a Telephone into a Tricorder," ExtremeTech, November 3, 2012, http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/138658-turning-the-smartphone-from-a-telephone-into-a-tricorder?

25. E. Schwartz, "Can Smartphones Really Cut It as Diagnostic Tools?," mHealthNews, January 2, 2014, http://www.mhealthnews.com/news/can-smartphones-really-cut-it-diagnostic-tools-mhealth-mobile.

26. "Acoustic Microfluidics: W hat a Sound Idea," The Economist, June 2, 2012, http://www.economist.com/node/21556091/print.

27. B. Tansey, "Genia Aims to Build the iPhone of Gene Sequencing," Xconomy, October 16, 2013, http://www.xconomy.com/san-francisco/2013/10/16/genia-aims-build-iphone-gene-sequencing/2/.

28. "Cradle Turns Smartphone into Handheld Biosensor," Science Daily, May 23, 2013, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130523162250.htm.

29. G. Slabodkin, "Malaria Detection Device to Be Field Tested a Year Ahead of Schedule," Fierce- MobileHealthcare, April 29, 2013, http://www.fiercemobilehealthcare.com/story/malaria-detection-device-be-field-tested-year-ahead-schedule/2013-04-29.

30. K. Struck, "Heart Failure: Is There a Breath Test?," MedPage Today, March 25, 2013, http://www.medpagetoday.com/CriticalCare/CHF/38076?utm_content=.

31. D. Akst, "A Virus on the Camera Roll," Wall Street Journal, September 27, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424
052702304213904579093460624956226.html.

32. N. N. Watkins et al., "Microfluidic CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocyte Counters for Point-of-Care HIV Diagnostics Using Whole Blood," Science Translational Medicine 5, no. 214 (2013): 1–12.

33. "Detecting Disease with a Smartphone Accessory," Science Daily, June 4, 2013, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/06/130604113959.htm.

34. B. Ouyang, "New Mobile Technology Allows Users to Track Cholesterol Levels with a Smart- phone (VIDEO)," MedGadget, December 17, 2013, http://www.medgadget.com/2013/12/new-mobile-technology-allows-users-to-track-cholesterol-levels-with-a-smartphone-video.html.

35. I. I. Bogoch et al., "Mobile Phone Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections: A Proof-of-Concept Study," American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, March 11, 2013, http://www.ajtmh.org/content/early/2013/03/07/ajtmh.12-0742.abstract.

36. D. N. Breslauer et al., "Mobile Phone Based Clinical Microscopy for Global Health Applications," PLoS One 4, no. 7 (2009): e6320.

37. M. Colombo, "Mobile Devices Not Just for Facebook, They Are Poised to Revolutionize Health- care," Healthcare Blog, October 4, 2013, http://info.calgaryscientific.com/blog/bid/339938/Mobile-devices-n%C9Mc3VWFlKrPfKbt-qzZXfCtJMa3-C1RYVYbc5LegsLEZ6LJDH2A&_hsmi=10496393.

38. G. Corley, "Paper-Based Microfluidic Technology May Let You Print Your Own Health Tests," MedGadget, February 20, 2012, http://medgadget.com/2012/02/paper-based-microfluidic-technology-may-let-you-print-your-own-health-tests.html.

39. A. F. Coskun et al., "Albumin Testing in Urine Using a Smart-Phone," Lab on a Chip 13, no. 21 (2013): 4231– 4238.

40. T. M. Andrews, "Breathalyzers of the Future Today," Atlantic, June 2013, http://www.theatlantic.com/health/print/2013/06/breathalyzers-of-the-future-today/277249/.

41. R. Ferris, "These Amazing Dogs Can Smell Cancer," Business Insider, August 15, 2013, http://www.businessinsider.com/working-dog-center-dogs-can-smell-cancer-2013-8.

42. V. Greenwood, "What Does Cancer Smell Like?," New York Times, November 14, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/24/magazine/what-does-cancer-smell-like.html.

43. N. Savage, "Spotting the First Signs," Nature 471 (2011): S14–S15.

44. D. G. McNeil, "Dogs Excel on Smell Test to Find Cancer," New York Times, January 17, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/17/health/17dog.html.

45. W. Kremer, "Sniffng Out Cancer with Electronic Noses," BBC News Magazine, March 8, 2014, http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26472225.

46. H. Williams and A. Pembroke, "Sniffer Dogs in the Melanoma Clinic?," The Lancet 1 (1989): 734.

47. B. Palmer, "Roll Over! Shake! Smell This Mole!," Slate, May 27, 2014, http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/
medical_examiner/2014/05/cancer_sniffng_dogs_
can_dogs_detect_and_screen_for_disease.html.

48. "Electronic Nose Sniffs Out Prostate Cancer Using Urine Samples," eHealth News, May 13, 2014, http://www.ehea lthnews.eu/research/3929 -electronic-nose-sniffs-out-prostate-cancer-using-urine-samples.

49. A. Zimm, "Canines' Cancer-Sniffng Snouts Showing 90%-Plus Accuracy," Bloomberg, May 18, 2014, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-05-18/canines-cancer-sniffng-snouts-offer-new-testing-option.html.

50. A. Roine et al., "Detection of Prostate Cancer by an Electronic Nose: A Proof of Principle Study," Journal of Urology 192, no. 1 (2014): 230 –235.

51. V. Combs, "Physicist Building Nanotech Sensor to Track Your Health Through Your Breath," MedCity News, September 10, 2013, http://medcitynews.com/2013/09/physicist-building-nanotech-sensor-to-track-your-health-through-your-breath/print/.

52. K. Bourzac, "Cancer Breath Test Enters Clinical Trials," MIT Technology Review, February 14, 2012, http://www.technologyreview.com/news/426894/cancer-breath-test-enters-clinical-trials/.

53. W. Jia et al., "Electrochemical Tattoo Biosensors for Real-Time Noninvasive Lactate Monitoring in Human Perspiration," Analytical Chemistry 85 (2013): 6553– 6560.

54. K. Belson, "New Tests for Brain Trauma Create Hope, and Skepticism," New York Times, December 26, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/26/sports/football/new-tests-for-brain-trauma-create-hope-and-skepticism.html.

55. G. Poste, "Bring on the Biomarkers," Nature 469 (2011): 156 –157.

56. T. T. Ruckh and H. A. Clark, "Implantable Nanosensors: Toward Continuous Physiologic Monitoring," Analytical Chemistry 86, no. 3 (2013): 1314–1323.

57. S. Johnson, "Someday Electronic Devices Could Be On or Inside People," Seattle Times, December 24, 2013, http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/
2022524089_implanttechxml.html.

58. B. S. Ferguson et al., "Real-Time, Aptamer-Based Tracking of Circulating Therapeutic Agents in Living Animals," Science Translational Medicine 5, no. 213 (2013): 213ra165.

59. Y. Ling et al., "Implantable Magnetic Relaxation Sensors Measure Cumulative Exposure to Cardiac Biomarkers," Nature Biotechnology 29 (2011): 273–272.

60. T.-I. Kim et al., "Injectable, Cellular-Scale Optoelectronics with Applications for Wireless Optogenetics," Science 340 (2013): 211–216.

61. "Nanotube-Based Sensors Can Be Implanted Under the Skin for a Year," Nanowerk, November 3, 2013, http://www.nanowerk.com/news2/newsid=33040.php.

62. A. Myers, "Swimming Through the Blood Stream: Stanford Engineers Create Wireless, Self-Propelled Medical Device," Stanford University News, February 22, 2012, http://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/february/micro-device-implant-022212.html.

63. R. Smith-Bindman et al., "Use of Diagnostic Imaging Studies and Associated Radiation Exposure for Patients Enrolled in Large Integrated Health Care Systems, 1996 –2010," Journal of the American Medical Association 302, no. 22 (2012): 2400 –2409.

64. B. Owens, "Enhanced Medical Vision," Nature 502 (2013): S82–S83.

65. D. L. Miglioretti et al., "The Use of Computed Tomography in Pediatrics and the Associated Radiation Exposure and Estimated Cancer Risk," JAMA Pediatrics 167, no. 8 (2013): 700 –707.

66. R. F. Redberg and R. Smith-Bindman, "We Are Giving Ourselves Cancer," New York Times, January 31, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/31/opinion/we-are-giving-ourselves-cancer.html.

67. C. Libov, "Radiation from Needless Medical Tests Can Give You Cancer," Newsmax Health, April 24, 2012, http://www.newsmax-health.net/headline_health/
radiation_medical_tests_/2012/04/24/446984.html.

68. C. K. Cassel and J. A. Guest, "Choosing Wisely Helping Physicians and Patients Make Smart Decisions About Their Care," Journal of the American Medical Association 307, no. 17 (2012): 1801–1802.

69. "Choosing Wisely: Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question," ABIM Foundation, accessed August 19, 2014, http://www.choosingwisely.org/doctor-patient-lists/.

70. V. M. Rao and D. C. Levin, "The Overuse of Diagnostic Imaging and the Choosing Wisely Initiative," Annals of Internal Medicine 157, no. 8 (2012): 574–577.

71. L. T. Krogsbøll et al., "General Health Checks in Adults for Reducing Morbidity and Mortality from Disease: Cochrane Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," British Medical Journal 345 (2012): e7191.

72. S. R. Johnson, "Reducing Wasteful Care," Modern Healthcare, August 24, 2013, http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/
20130824/MAGAZINE/308249974.

73. L. M. Schwartz and S. Woloshin, "Endless Screenings Don't Bring Everlasting Health," New York Times, April 17, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/17/health/views/endless-screenings-dont-bring-everlasting-health.html.

74. B. L. Jacobs et al., "Use of Advanced Treatment Technologies Among Men at Low Risk of Dying from Prostate Cancer," Journal of the American Medical Association 309, no. 24 (2013): 2587–2595.

75. "Simple Treatments, Ignored," New York Times, September 9, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/09/opinion/sunday/simple-treatments-ignored.html.

76. J. H. Wasfy, "Sometimes 'Unnecessary' Medical Tests Save Lives," Washington Post, October 3, 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/sometimes-unnecessary-medical-tests-save-lives/2013/10/03/74777dce-27b6-11e3-b75d-5b7f66349852_story.html.

77. E. Rosenthal, "Let's (Not) Get Physicals," New York Times, June 3, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/03/sunday-review/lets-not-get-physicals.html.

78. "Heart R hythm Society's Choosing Wisely List Disappoints," Medscape, February 12, 2014, http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/820477.

79. E. Picano et al., "The Appropriate and Justified Use of Medical Radiation in Cardiovascular Imaging: A Position Document of the ESC Associations of Cardiovascular Imaging, Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions and Electrophysiology," European Heart Journal 35, no. 10 (2014): 665– 672.

80. P. Kassing and R. Duszak, "Repeat Medical Imaging: A Classification System for Meaningful Policy Analysis and Research," Neiman Report, February 2013, http://www.acr.org/~/media/ACR/Documents/PDF/Research/Brief 02/PolicyBrief HPI012013.pdf.

81. A. J. Einstein et al., "Patient-Centered Imaging: Shared Decision Making for Cardiac Imaging Procedures with Exposure to Ionizing Radiation," Journal of the American College of Cardiology 63, no.15 (2013): 1480 –1489.

82. A. M. Seaman, "Doctors Don't Often Tell Patients of CT Scan Risks," Reuters, 2013, http://www.reuters.com/assets/print?aid=USBRE92316120130304.

83. G. Schwitzer, "When Doctors Don't Discuss Harms of Screening Tests with Patients," Health News Review, October 22, 2013, http://www.healthnewsreview.org/2013/10/when-doctors-dont-discuss-harms-of-screening-tests-with-patients/.

84. L. Landro, "New Tracking of a Patient's Radiation Exposure," Wall Street Journal, May 21, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB100014241
27887324767004578489413973896412.html.

85. C. O'Donoghue et al., "Aggregate Cost of Mammography Screening in the United States: Comparison of Current Practice and Advocated Guidelines," Annals of Internal Medicine 160 (2014):145–153.

86. H. G. Welch, "Breast Cancer Screenings: What We Still Don't Know," New York Times, December 30, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/30/opinion/breast-cancer-screenings-what-we-still-dont-know.html.

87. G. Kolata, "Vast Study Casts Doubts on Value of Mammograms," New York Times, February 12, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/12/health/study-adds-new-doubts-about-value-of-mammograms.html.

88. A. Bleyer and H. G. Welch, "Effect of Three Decades of Screening Mammography on Breast- Cancer Incidence," New England Journal of Medicine 367, no. 21 (2012): 1998–2005.

89. J. G. Elmore and C. P. Gross, "The Cost of Breast Cancer Screening in the United States: A Picture Is Worth . . . a Billion Dollars?," Annals of Internal Medicine 160 (2014): 203–204.

90. A. B. Miller et al., "Twenty-five Year Follow-Up for Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study: Randomised Screening Trial," British Medical Journal 348 (2014): g366.

91. J. A. Paulos, "Weighing the Positives," Scientific American, December 28, 2011, http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/
v306/n1/full/scientificamerican0112-20.html.

92. N. Biller-Andorno and P. Jüni, "Abolishing Mammography Screening Programs? A View from the Swiss Medical Board," New England Journal of Medicine 340, no. 21 (2014): 1965–1967.

93. D. H. Newman, "Ignoring the Science on Mammograms," New York Times, November 28, 2012, http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/28/ignoring-the-science-on-mammograms/.

94. J. C. Dooren and R. Winslow, "U.S. Panel Recommends Lung-Cancer Screening," Wall Street Journal, December 30, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100014
24052702304591604579290843407880628.

95. D. V. Makarov et al., "Prostate Cancer Imaging Trends After a Nationwide Effort to Discourage Inappropriate Prostate Cancer Imaging," Journal of the National Cancer Institute 105, no. 17 (2013):1306 –1313.

96. J. Dorrier, "California Startup, Tribogenics, Develops Smart Phone Sized Portable X-Ray Machines," Singularity Hub, November 16, 2013, http://singularityhub.com/2013/11/16/southern-california-startup-tribogenics-develops-smart-phone-sized-portable-x-ray-machines/.

97. J. B. Haun et al., "Micro-NMR for Rapid Molecular Analysis of Human Tumor Samples," Science Translational Medicine 3, no. 71 (2011): 1–14.

98. N. Ungerleider, "An X-Ray Machine the Size of an iPhone That Looks Like a Star Trek Tricorder," Fast Company, December 8, 2011, http://www.fastcompany.com/1799596/x-ray-machine-size-iphone-looks-star-trek-tricorder.

99. P. Gwynne, "Seeing into the Future," Nature 502 (2013): S96 –S97.

100. M. Kaku, Physics of the Future (Toronto, Canada: Doubleday, 2011), 60 – 62.

101. Ibid., 60.

102. Ibid., 62.

103. M. J. Leibo et al., "Is Pocket Mobile Echocardiography the Next-Generation Stethoscope? A Cross-sectional Comparison of Rapidly Acquired Images With Standard Transthoracic Echocardiography," Annals of Internal Medicine 155, no. 1 (2011): 33–38.

104. S. D. Solomon and F. Saldana, "Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Medical Education—Stop Listening and Look," New England Journal of Medicine 370 (2014): 1083–1085.

105. A. Flint, "Patients Should Be Able to Share Their Medical Imaging Studies," neuroicudoc, August 21, 2013, http://www.neuroicudoc.com/2013/08/patients-should-be-able-to-share-their.html.

106. J. Lee, "Share Ware," Modern Healthcare, November 24, 2012, http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20121124/
MAGAZINE/311249953/?template=printpicart.

107. A. J. Johnson et al., "Access to Radiologic Reports via a Patient Portal: Clinical Simulations to Investigate Patient Preferences," Journal of the American College of Radio­logy 9, no. 4 (2012): 256 –263.

108. A. Eisenberg, "Those Scan Results Are Just an App Away," New York Times, October 16, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/16/business/medical-apps-to-assist-with-diagnoses-cleared-by-fda.html.

109. D. McCormick et al., "Giving Offce-Based Physicians Electronic Access to Patients' Prior Imaging and Lab Results Did Not Deter Ordering of Tests," Health Affairs 31, no. 3 (2012): 488– 496.

110. T. McMahon, "The Smartphone Will See You Now: How Apps and Social Media Are Revolutionizing Medicine," Macleans, March 4, 2013, http://www2.macleans.ca/2013/03/04/the-smartphone-will-see-you-now.

111. "Turning Mobile Phones into 3D Scanners," Computer Vision and Geometry Group, accessed August 13, 2014, http://cvg.ethz.ch/mobile/.

112. J. Lademann, "Optical Methods of Imaging in the Skin," Journal of Biomedical Optics 18, no. 6 (2013): 061201-1.

113. W. Sohn et al., "Endockscope: Using Mobile Technology to Create Global Point of Service Endoscopy," Journal of Endourology 27, no. 9 (2013): 1154–1160.

114. K. Streams, "How to Turn a Smartphone Into a Digital Microscope Using Inexpensive Materials," Laughing Squid, 2013, http://laughingsquid.com/how-to -turn-a-smartphone-into-a-digital-microscope-using-inexpensive-materials/.

Глава 7

1. R. Taylor et al., "Promoting Health Information Technology: Is There a Case for More- Aggressive Government Action?," Health Aff airs 24, no. 5 (2005): 1234–1245.

2. J. Hoff man, "What the Therapist Thinks About You," New York Times, July 7, 2014, http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/07/07/what-the-therapist-thinks-about-you/?_php=true&type=blogs&ref=health&r=0.

3. J. Kopman, "Electronic Health Records: Doctors Want to Keep Patients Out," Everyday Health, March 26, 2013, http://www.everydayhealth.com/healthy-living/electronic-health-records-doctors-want-to-keep-patients-out-7727.aspx.

4. L. Mearian, "U.S. Doctors Don't Believe Patients Need Full Access to Health Records," Infoworld, March 8, 2013, http://www.infoworld.com/print/214131.

5. B. N. Shenkin and D.C. Warner, "Giving the Patient His Medical Record: A Proposal to Improve the System," New England Journal of Medicine 289, no. 13 (1973): 688–692.

6. J. Katz, The Silent World of Doctor and Patient (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984), 4.

7. T. Delbanco et al., "Inviting Patients to Read Their Doctors' Notes: A Quasi-experimental Study and a Look Ahead," Annals of Internal Medicine 157, no. 7 (2012): 461–471.

8. J. Thew, "Opening Up About Medical Records: OpenNotes Gives Patients Access to Provider Notes," HL7 Health, January 28, 2014, http://www.hl7standards.com/blog/2014/01/28/
open-notes/?utm_conte%C97b9&utmmedium=
social&utmsource=twitter.com&utmcampaign=buffer.

9. M. Coren, "You Can Now Find Out What Your Doctor Is Writing Down in That File," Fast Company, July 23, 2013, http://www.fastcoexist.com/1682595/you-can-now-find-out-what-your-doctor-is-writing-down-in-that-file.

10. L. Landro, "Health- Care Providers Want Patients to Read Medical Records, Spot Errors," Wall Street Journal, June 9, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/articles/health-care-providers-want-patients-to-read-medical-records-spot-errors-1402354902.

11. J. Walker et al., "The Road Towards Fully Transparent Medical Records," New England Journal of Medicine 370 (2013): 6–8.

12. "More Than Forty Percent of U.S. Consumers Willing to Switch Physicians to Gain Online Access to Electronic Medical Records, According to Accenture Survey," Accenture Newsroom, September 16, 2013, http://newsroom.accenture.com/news/more-than-40-percent-of-us-consumers-willing-to-switch-physicians-to-gain-online-access-to-electronic-medical-records-according-to-accenture-survey.htm.

13. S. Reddy, "When Email Is Part of the Doctor's Treatment," Wall Street Journal, March 25, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB100014241278873243732045783768 63506224702.html.

14. T. F. Bishop et al., "Electronic Communication Improves Access, but Barriers to Its Widespread Adoption Remain," Health Aff airs 32, no. 8 (2013): 1361–1367.

15. F. N. Pelzman, "I'm Your Doctor, What Is Your Email?," Med Page Today, December 20, 2013, http://www.medpagetoday.com/PatientCenteredMedical
Home/PatientCenteredMedicalHome/43527?isalert=1.

16. "The Blue Button," in Wikipedia, accessed August 13, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The Blue Button.

17. M. Beck, "Next in Tech: App Helps Patients Track Care," Wall Street Journal, December 16, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100014240527023033302045792 48420368822400.

18. J. Savacool, "How Do You Measure Up? New Health Gadgets Can Tell You," USA Today, January 5, 2014, http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/01/05/fi tness-health-monitors-ces/4301611/.

19. E. Stawicki, "Your Smartphone Might Hold Key to Your Medical Records," Kaiser Health News, June 17, 2013, http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/Stories/2013/June/17/electronic-health-records-blue-button.aspx?p=1.

20. "With Major Pharmacies on Board, Is the Blue Button About to Scale Nation- wide?," E Pluribus Unum, February 7, 2014, http://e -pluribusunum.com/2014/02/07/major-pharmacies-blue-button-scale/.

21. D. Butler, "Human Genome at Ten: Science After the Sequence," Nature 465 (2010): 1000–1001.

22. R. Hillestad et al., "Can Electronic Medical Record Systems Transform Health Care? Potential Health Benefi ts, Savings, and Costs," Health Aff airs 24, no. 5 (2005): 1103–1117.

23. R. Abelson and J. Creswell, "In Second Look, Few Savings from Digital Health Records," New York Times, January 11, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/11/business/electronic-records-systems-have-not-reduced-health-costs-report-says.html.

24. B. Wanamaker and D. Bean, "Why EHRs Are Not (Yet) Disruptive," Christensen Institute Blog, August 8, 2013, http://www.christenseninstitute.org/why-ehrs-are-not-yet-disruptive/.

25. R. Abelson, J. Creswell, and G. Palmer, "Medicare Bills Rise as Records Turn Electronic," New York Times, September 22, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/22/business/medicare-billing-rises-at-hospitals-with-electronic-records.html.

26. D. Ofri, "The Doctor Will See Your Electronic Medical Record Now," Slate, August 5, 2013, http://mobile.slate.com/blogs/futuretense/2013/08/05/
studyrevealsdoctorsarespendingevenless_timewithpatients.html.

27. E. White, "Do Doctors Spend Too Much Time Looking at Computer Screen?," Northwestern University News, January 23, 2014, http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2014/01/do-doctors-spend-too-much-time-looking-at-computer-screen.html.

28. J. P. Weiner, S. Yeh, and D. Blumenthal, "The Impact of Health Information Technology and e-Health on the Future Demand for Physician Services," Health Aff airs 32, no. 1 (2013): 1998–2004.

29. B. Monegain, "EHRs to Redefi ne the Role of Doctor," Healthcare IT News, January 27, 2014, http://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/ehrs-redefine-role-doctor.

30. K. Hafner, "A Busy Doctor's Right Hand, Ever Ready to Type," New York Times, January 14, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/14/health/a-busy-doctors-right-hand-ever-ready-to-type.html.

31. A. J. Bank, "In Praise of Medical Scribes," Wall Street Journal, April 6, 2014, http:// online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100014
24052702304418404579469371577995400.

32. Anonymous, "The Disturbing Confessions of a Medical Scribe," KevinMD.com, March 9, 2014, http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2014/03/confessions-medical-scribe.html.

33. R. Abelson, "Medicare Is Faulted on Shift to Electronic Records," New York Times, November 29, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/29/business/medicare-is-faulted-in-electronic-medical-records-conversion.html.

34. R. Abelson and J. Creswell, "Report Finds More Flaws in Digitizing Patient Files," New York Times, January 8, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/08/business/report-finds-more-flaws-in-digitizing-patient-files.html.

35. "Data Glitches Are Hazardous to Your Health," Scientifi c American, October 15, 2013, http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/
journal/v309/n5/full/scientificamerican1113-10.html.

36. B. Ahier, "Nearly Half of Physicians Believe EHRs Are Making Patient Care Worse," HIT Consultant, February 13, 2014, http://hitconsultant.net/2014/02/13/nearly-half-of-physicians-believe-ehrs-are-making-patient-care-worse/.

37. A. Allen, "Electronic Health Records: A 'Clunky' Transition," Politico, June 15, 2014, http://www.politico.com/story/2014/06/health-care-electronic-records-107881.html.

38. S. Baum, "EHRs May Turn Small Errors Into Big Ones," MedCity News, December 16, 2012, http://www.medpagetoday.com/PracticeManagement/
InformationTechnology/36474.

39. A. Jha, "The Wrong Question on Electronic Health Records," Health Policy, September 18, 2012, https://blogs.sph.harvard.edu/ashish-jha/the-wrong-question-on-electronic-health-records/.

40. D. F. Sittig and H. Singh, "Electronic Health Records and National Patient- Safety Goals," New England Journal of Medicine 367, no. 19 (2012): 1854–1860.

41. National Council on Patient Information and Education, "Accelerating Progress in Prescription Medicine Adherence: The Adherence Action Agenda," Be Medicine Smart, October 2013, http://www.bemedicinesmart.org/report.html.

42. K. Bole, "Reimagining Pharmacy Care," UCSF News, March 5, 2014, http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2014/02/112201/reimagining-pharmacy-care.

43. A. W. Mathews, "Beep! It's Your Medicine Nagging You," Wall Street Journal, February 28, 2010, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424
052748703431604575095771390040944.

44. K. Langhauser, "A New Era in Medication Adherence," Pharma Manufacturing, December 13, 2013, http://www.pharmamanufacturing.com/articles/2013/dec-digital-insights/.

45. J. Comstock, "Medication Adherence: Whose Problem Is It?," MobiHealthNews, November 12, 2013, http://mobihealthnews.com/27258/medication-adherence-whose-problem-is-it/.

46. J. Brownlee, "How Ideo Helped Reinvent the Pillbox," Fast Company, February 6, 2014, http://www.fastcodesign.com/3026096/how-ideo-helped-reinvent-the-pillbox.

47. B. Dolan, "Study: GlowCaps Up Adherence to 98 Percent," MobiHealthNews, June 23, 2010, http://mobihealthnews.com/8069/study-glowcaps-up-adherence-to-98-percent/.

48. P. Pitts, "America's 'Other Drug Problem'—Medication Adherence," Drugwonks, January 21, 2014, http://drugwonks.com/blog/america-s-other-drug-problem-medication-adherence.

49. "ASCP Fact Sheet," American Society of Consultant Pharmacists, accessed August 13, 2014, http://www.ascp.com/articles/about-ascp/ascp-fact-sheet.

50. Z. Moukheiber, "A Digital Health Acquisition to Watch," Forbes, January 13, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/zinamoukheiber/2014/01/13/a-digital-health-acquisition-to-watch/.

51. A. Schwartz, "A Cell Phone in a Pill Bottle, to Text You to Remember Your Meds," Fast Company, May 6, 2014, http://www.fastcoexist.com/1681935/a-cell-phone-in-a-pill-bottle-to-text-you-to-remember-your-meds.

52. T. Aungst, "Smartphones Are Revolutionizing Pill Identifi cation," iMedicalApps, January 23, 2014, http://www.imedicalapps.com/2014/01/smartphones-revolutionizing-pill-identification/.

53. N. Versel, "Patient- Generated Data Is the Future of Care, VA Offi cial Says," MobiHealthNews, July 18, 2013,http://mobihealthnews.com/23924/patient-generated-data-is-the-future-of-care-va-official-says/.

54. "Two Strategies for the Integration of Patient- Generated Data into the EMR. Which Road to Travel?," cHealth Blog, January 7, 2014, http://chealthblog.connectedhealth.org/2014/01/07/two-strategies-for-the-integration-of-patient-generated-data-into-the-emr-which-road-to-travel/.

55. J. Conn, "Staying Connected," Modern Healthcare, January 18, 2014, http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/
20140118/MAGAZINE/301189929/.

56. C. Zimmer, "Linking Genes to Diseases by Sifting Through Electronic Medical Records," New York Times, November 28, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/28/science/linking-genes-to-diseases-by-sifting-through-electronic-medical-records.html.

57. I. L. Katzan and R. A. Rudick, "Time to Integrate Clinical and Research Informatics," Science Translational Medicine 4, no. 162 (2012): 1–4.

58. J. S. Kahn, V. Aulakh, and A. Bosworth, "What It Takes: Characteristics of the Ideal Personal Health Record," Health Aff airs 28, no. 2 (2009): 369–376.

59. R. Rowley, "What Is the Future of EHRs?," RobertTrowleyMD.com, January 22, 2014, http://robertrowleymd.com/2014/01/22/future-ehrs/.

60. B. Crounse, "Do We Need to Re- imagine the Electronic Medical Record?," MSDN Blogs, January 27, 2014, http://blogs.msdn.com/b/healthblog/archive/2014/01/27/do-we-need-to-re-imagine-the-electronic-medical-record.aspx.

61. I. Kohane, "Why You Should Demand More Surveillance—of Your Health Records," Common Health, June 21, 2013, http://commonhealth.wbur.org/2013/06/more-surveillance-health-records.

62. M. Smith et al., "Best Care at Lower Cost," Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, September 6, 2012, http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2012/Best-Care-at-Lower-Cost-The-Path-to-Continuously-Learning-Health-Care-in-America.aspx.

63. M. McCormack, "We'd All Be Better Off with Our Health Records on Facebook," Quartz, December 27, 2013, http://qz.com/161727/wed-all-be-better-off-with-our-health-records-on-facebook/.

64. N. Dawson, "Evernote Is My EMR," e- patients.net, January 23, 2014, http://e-patients.net/archives/2014/01/evernote-is-my-emr.html?utms%C9mpaign=Feed%3A+E-patients+%28e-patients%29&utmcontent=Twitterrific.

65. S. A. Levingston, "Practice Fusion Wants to Be Free," Bloomberg Businessweek, February 6, 2014, http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-02-06/practice-fusions-medical-records-technology-is-free-for-doctors.

66. D. Hernandez, "How Medical Tech Promises to Save Lives," USA Today, June 14, 2014, http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/06/14/medical-technology-va-healthcare-emr/10369071/.

Глава 8

1. U. E. Reinhardt, "The Disruptive Innovation of Price Transparency in Health Care," Journal of the American Medical Association 310, no. 18 (2013): 1927–1928.

2. T. Rosenberg, "The Cure for the $1,000 Toothbrush," New York Times, August 13, 2013, http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/08/13/the-cure-for-the-1000-toothbrush/.

3. S. Brill, "Bitter Pill: Why Medical Bills Are Killing Us," TIME, April 4, 2013, http://time.com/198/bitter-pill-why-medical-bills-are-killing-us/.

4. "Inside 'Bitter Pill': Steven Brill Discusses His TIME Cover Story," TIME, February 22, 2013, http://healthland.time.com/2013/02/20/bitter-pill-inside-times-cover-story-on-medical-bills/print/.

5. C. Miller, "Some Hospitals Set Charges at More Than 10 Times Their Costs," Healthcare Intelligence Network, January 13, 2014, http://hin.com/Healthcare_Business_Weekly_Update/2014/01/13/some-hospitals-set-charges-at-more-than-10-times-their-costs/.

6. C. White, J. D. Reschovsky, and A. M. Bond, "Understanding Differences Between High- and Low-Price Hospitals: Implications for Efforts to Rein In Costs," Health Affairs 33, no. 2 (2014): 324–331.

7. E. Rosenthal, "Let's (Not) Get Physicals," New York Times, June 3, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/03/sunday-review/lets-not-get-physicals.html.

8. E. Rosenthal, "A Push to Sell Testosterone Gels Troubles Doctors," New York Times, October 16, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/16/us/a-push-to-sell-testosterone-gels-troubles-doctors.html.

9. E. Rosenthal, "American Way of Birth, Costliest in the World," New York Times, July 1, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/01/health/american-way-of-birth-costliest-in-the-world.html.

10. E. Rosenthal, "As Hospital Prices Soar, a Stitch Tops $500," New York Times, December 3, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/03/health/as-hospital-costs-soar-single-stitch-tops-500.html.

11. E. Rosenthal, "The $2.7 Trillion Medical Bill: Colonoscopies Explain Why U.S. Leads the World in Health Expenditures," New York Times, June 2, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/02/health/colonoscopies-explain-why-us-leads-the-world-in-health-expenditures.html.

12. E. Rosenthal, "For Medical Tourists, Simple Math," New York Times, August 4, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/04/health/for-medical-tourists-simple-math.html.

13. E. Rosenthal, "Good Deals on Pills? It's Anyone's Guess," New York Times, November 10, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/10/sunday-review/good-deals-on-pills-its-anyones-guess.html.

14. E. Rosenthal, "The Growing Popularity of Having Surgery Overseas," New York Times, August 7, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/07/us/the-growing-popularity-of-having-surgery-overseas.html.

15. E. Rosenthal, "The Soaring Cost of a Simple Breath," New York Times, October 13, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/13/us/the-soaring-cost-of-a-simple-breath.html.

16. E. Rosenthal, "Think the E.R. Is Expensive? Look at How Much It Costs to Get There," New York Times, December 5, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/05/health/think-the-er-was-expensive-look-at-the-ambulance-bill.html.

17. E. Rosenthal, "Health Care's Road to Ruin," New York Times, December 22, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/22/sunday-review/health-cares-road-to-ruin.html.

18. E. Rosenthal, "When Health Costs Harm Your Credit," New York Times, March 9, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/09/sunday-review/when-health-costs-harm-your-credit.html.

19. E. Rosenthal, "Patients' Costs Skyrocket; Specialists' Incomes Soar," New York Times, January 1, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/19/health/patients-costs-skyrocket-specialists-incomes-soar.html.

20. E. Rosenthal, "Even Small Medical Advances Can Mean Big Jumps in Bills," New York Times, April 6, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/06/health/even-small-medical-advances-can-mean-big-jumps-in-bills.html.

21. M. B. Rothberg, "The $50,000 Physical," Journal of the American Medical Association 311, no. 21 (2014): 2175.

22. C. Bettigole, "The Thousand-Dollar Pap Smear," New England Journal of Medicine 369, no. 16 (2013): 1486 –1487.

23. S. Lupkin, "Reddit User Posts $55,000 Hospital Bill for Appendectomy," Good Morning America Yahoo News, Ja nua r y 1, 2014, ht tp://gma.yahoo.com/reddit-user-posts-55- 000-hospital-bill-appendectomy-123853510.html.

24a. "The Anatomy of a Hospital Bill," Wall Street Journal, February 24, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB1000142
4052702303496804579367244016430848.

24b. J. Nocera, "The $300,000 Drug," New York Times, July 18, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/19/opinion/joe-nocera-cystic-fibrosis-drug-price.html.

24c. R. Y. Hsia, Y. Akosa Antwi, and J. P. Nath, "Variation in Charges for 10 Common Blood Tests in California Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Analysis," British Medical Journal Open 4 (2014): e005482.

25. R. Meyer, "American Healthcare Costs Are Completely Out of Line With the Rest of the Modern World," World of DTC Marketing, accessed January 29, 2014, http://worldofdtcmarketing.com/american-healthcare-costs-completely-line-rest-modern-world/cost-of-healthcare-in-the-u-s/.

26. R. S. Mathis, "Behind What Doesn't Make Sense," Science 342 (2013): 196.

27. T. Lieberman, "America's Healthcare Prices Are Absurd. So, Now What?," Columbia Journalism Review, February 25, 2014, http://www.cjr.org/the_second_opinion/elisabeth_rosenthal
_on_covering_americas_rising_medical_costs.php?page=all.

28. R. Bayer et al., "Confronting the Sorry State of U.S. Health," Science 341 (2013): 962–963.

29. T. E. Board, "The Shame of American Health Care," New York Times, November 18, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/18/opinion/the-shame-of-american-health-care.html.

30. O. Khazan, "Expensive Healthcare Doesn't Help Americans Live Longer," Atlantic, December 2013, http://www.theatlantic.com/health/print/2013/12/expensive-healthcare-doesn-t-help-americans-live-longer/282343/.

31. "Best Care at Lower Cost The Path to Continuously Learning Health Care in America," Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, September 2012, http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/ReportFiles/2012/Best-Care/Best Care at Lower Cost_Recs.pdf.

32. R. J. Samuelson, "Health Care's Heap of Wasteful Spending," Washington Post, September 9, 2012, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/health-cares-heap-of-waste/2012/09/13/ee62aa62-fdb6-11e1-b153-218509a954e1_print.html.

33. U. E. Reinhardt, "Waste vs. Value in American Health Care," New York Times, September 13, 2013, http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/09/13/waste-vs-value-in-american-health-care/.

34. T. Parker-Pope, "Overtreatment Is Taking a Harmful Toll," New York Times, August 27, 2012, http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/27/overtreatment-is-taking-a-harmful-toll/.

35. N. E. Morden et al., "Choosing Wisely—The Politics and Economics of Labeling Low-Value Services," New England Journal of Medicine 370 (2014): 589–592.

36. A. L. Schwartz et al., "Measuring Low-Value Care in Medicare," JAMA Internal Medicine 174, no. 4 (2014): 1067–1076.

37. "Survey: Physicians are Aware That Many Medical Tests and Procedures Are Unnecessary, See Themselves as Solution," Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, April 2014, http://www.rwjf.org/en/about-rwjf/newsroom/newsroom-content/2014/04/survey--physicians-are-aware-that-many-medical-tests-and-procedu.html.

38. J. Appleby, "Hospitals Promote Screenings That Experts Say Many People Do Not Need," Washington Post, May 13, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/hospitals-promote-screenings-that-experts-say-most-people-should-not-receive/2013/05/13/aaecb272-9ae2-11e2-9bda-edd1a7f b557d_story.html.

39. S. Garber et al., "Redirecting Innovation in US Health Care," The R AND Corporation, 2014, http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR308.html.

40. R. Sihvonen et al., "Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy versus Sham Surgery for a Degenerative Meniscal Tear," New England Journal of Medicine 369, no. 26 (2013): 2515–2524.

41. S. Eappen et al., "Relationship Between Occurrence of Surgical Complications and Hospital Finances," Journal of the American Medical Association 309, no. 15 (2013): 1599–1606.

42. "Physician, Heal Thyself," The Economist, February 1, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21595431/print.

43. R. Vigen et al., "Association of Testosterone Therapy With Mortality, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke in Men With Low Testosterone Levels," Journal of the American Medical Association 310, no. 17 (2013): 1829–1836.

44. A. Schwarz, "The Selling of Attention Deficit Disorder," New York Times, December 15, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/health/the-selling-of-attention-deficit-disorder.html.

45. J. E. Brody, "A Check on Physicals," New York Times, January 21, 2013, http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/21/a-check-on-physicals/.

46. R. C. Rabin, "A Glut of Antidepressants," New York Times, August 12, 2013, http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/08/12/a-glut-of-antidepressants/.

47. S. VanDriest et al., "Clinically Actionable Genotypes Among 10,000 Patients with Preemptive Pharmacogenomic Testing," Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 95, no. 4 (2014): 423– 431.

48. H. G. Welch, "Testing What We Think We Know," New York Times, August 20, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/20/opinion/testing-standard-medical-practices.html.

49. M. Bassett, "Global Medical Imaging Market to Hit $32 Billion by 2014," Fierce Medical Imaging, July 11, 2013, http://www.fiercemedicalimaging.com/story/global-medical-imaging-market-hit-32-billion-2014/2013-07-11.

50. B. Owens, "Enhanced Medical Vision," Nature 502 (2013): S82–S83.

51. R. F. Redberg and R. Smith-Bindman, "We Are Giving Ourselves Cancer," New York Times, January 31, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/31/opinion/we-are-giving-ourselves-cancer.html.

52. R. Pomerance, "The Less-Is-More Approach to Health Care," US News and World Report, March 5, 2013, http://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-wellness/articles/2013/03/05/the-less-is-more-approach-to-health-care.

53. M. Beck, "Study Raises Doubts Over Robotic Surgery," Wall Street Journal, February 19, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424
127887323764804578314182573530720.html.

54. J. N. Mirkin et al., "Direct-To-Consumer Internet Promotion of Robotic Prostatectomy Exhibits

Varying Quality of Information," Health Affairs 31, no. 4 (2012): 760 –769.

55. R. Langreth, "Robot Surgery Damaging Patients Rises with Marketing," Bloomberg, October 8, 2013, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/print/2013-10-08/robot-surgery-damaging-patients-rises-with-marketing.html.

56. "Proton Therapy," Wikipedia, accessed August 13, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_therapy#Treatment_centers.

57. A. Chandra, J. Holmes, and J. Skinner, "Is This Time Different? The Slowdown in Healthcare Spending," Brookings Panel on Economic Activity, Fall 2013, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Projects/BPEA/Fall 2013/2013b_chandra_healthcare_spending.pdf.

58. S. Havele, "Why Patients Need to Be Treated like Consumers," Rock Health, January 28, 2014, http://rockhealth.com/2014/01/why-patients-need-to-be-treated-like-consumers-qa-noah-lang/.

59. B. Mannino, "Do You Really Need an Annual Physical?," Fox Business, August 24, 2012, http://www.foxbusiness.com/personal-finance/2012/08/24/do-really-need-annual-physical/.

60. L. T. Krogsbøll et al., "General Health Checks in Adults for Reducing Morbidity and Mortality from Disease: Cochrane Systematic Review and Meta-analysis," British Medical Journal 345 (2012): e7191.

61. E. K lein, "The Two Most Important Numbers in American Health Care," Washington Post, September 19, 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/09/19/the-two-most-important-numbers-in-american-health-care/?print=1.

62. S. Lohr, "Salesforce Takes Its Cloud Model to Health Care," New York Times, June 26, 2014, http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/06/26/salesforce-takes-its-cloud-model-to-health-care/.2013, http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/Daily-Reports/2013/June/04/end-of-life-care.aspx.

64. G. W. Neuberg, "The Cost of End-of-Life Care: A New Effciency Measure Falls Short of AHA/ACC Standards," Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 2 (2009): 127–133.

65. "International Health Policy Survey in Eleven Countries," The Commonwealth Fund, November 2013, http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/Files/Publications/In the Literature/2013/Nov/PDF_Schoen_2013_IHP_survey_chartpack_final.pdf.

66. D. Voran, "Will the Tech Bubble Break," Information Week, January 3, 2014, http://www.informationweek.com/healthcare/mobile-and-wireless/medicine-will-the-tech-bubble-break/d/d-id/1113295?print=yes.

67. "Sun, Shopping and Surgery," The Economist, December 9, 2010, http://www.economist.com/node/17680806/print.

68. "Plastic Surgery in South Korea: A Popular Look," The Economist, April 26, 2011, http://www.economist.com/blogs/banyan/
2011/04/plastic_surgery_south_korea.

69. R. Pearl, "Offshoring American Health Care: Higher Quality At Lower Costs?," Forbes, March 27, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/robertpearl/2014/03/27/offshoring-american-health-care-higher-quality-at-lower-costs/print/.

70. K. Okike et al., "Survey Finds Few Orthopedic Surgeons Know the Costs of the Devices They Implant," Health Affairs 33, no. 1 (2014): 103–109.

71. J. Gold, "How Much Does a New Hip Cost? Even The Surgeon Doesn't Know," Kaiser Health News, January 6, 2014, http://capsules.kaiserhealthnews.org/index.php/2014/01/how-much-does-a-new-hip-cost-even-the-surgeon-doesnt-know/.

72. B. Friedman, "Displaying the Cost of Lab Tests for Physicians in Their EHRs," Lab Soft News, January 7, 2014, http://labsoftnews.typepad.com/lab_soft_news/2014/01/displaying-the-cost-of-lab-tests-for-physicians-in-the-ehr.html.

73. T. Worstall, "Bending The Health Care Cost Curve: Fire the Doctors," Forbes, September 5, 2012, http://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2012/09/05/bending-the-health-care-cost-curve-fire-the-doctors/print/.

74. "Medical Price Transparency Law Rolls Out: Physicians Must Be Able to Estimate Costs for Patients," Massachusetts Medical Society, January 2014, http://blog.massmed.org/index.php/2014/01/mass-medical-price-transparency-law-rolls-out-physicians-must-be-able-to-estimate-costs-for-patients/.

75. "Yale Office-Based Medicine Curriculum," Yale School of Medicine, accessed August 13, 2014, http://yobm.yale.edu/index.aspx.

76. T. Gower, "Should Doctors Consider Medical Costs?," Boston Globe, April 12, 2014, http://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2014/04/12/should-doctors-consider-medical-costs/GPJM1h30qtz6zpf zrxQGoL/story.html.

77. P. A. Ubel, "Doctor, First Tell Me What It Costs," New York Times, November 4, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/04/opinion/doctor-first-tell-me-what-it-costs.html.

78. P. A. Ubel, A. P. Abernethy, and S. Y. Zafar, "Full Disclosure—Out-of-Pocket Costs as Side Effects," New England Journal of Medicine 368, no. 16 (2013): 1484–1486.

79. C. Moriates, N. T. Shah, and V. M. Arora, "First, Do No (Financial) Harm," Journal of the American Medical Association 310, no. 6 (2013): 577–578.

80. A. Bond, "Can You Afford Your Medicine? Doctors Don't Ask," New York Times, May 1, 2014, http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/05/01/doctors-not-asking-about-money/?ref=health.

81. D. Ofri, "Why Doctors Are Reluctant to Take Responsibility for Rising Medical Costs," The Atlantic, August 2013, http://www.theatlantic.com/health/print/2013/08/why-doctors-are-reluctant-to-take-responsibility-for-rising-medical-costs/278623/.

82. M. S. Patel et al., "Teaching Residents to Provide Cost-Conscious Care: A National Survey of Residency Program Directors," JAMA Internal Medicine 174, no. 3 (2013): 470 – 472.

83. R. Srivastava, "How Can We Save on Healthcare Costs If Doctors Are Kept in the Dark?," The Guardian, March 14, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/14/how-can-we-save-on-healthcare-costs-if-doctors-are-kept-in-the-dark/print.

84. J. H. Cochrane, "What to Do When ObamaCare Unravels," Wall Street Journal, December 25, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100014
24052702304866904579265932490593594.

85. M. J. DeLaMerced, "Oscar, a New Health Insurer, Raises $30 Million," New York Times, January 7, 2014, http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/01/07/oscar-a-new-health-insurer-raises-30-million/.

86. "The Geek Guide to Insurance," The Economist, April 5, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21600147/print.

87. C. Ornstein, "Can't Get Through to Your Health Insurer? Vent on Twitter," ProPublica, January 29, 2014, http://www.propublica.org/article/cant-get-through-to-your-health-insurer-vent-on-twitter.

88. T. Rosenberg, "Revealing a Health Care Secret: The Price," New York Times, July 31, 2013, http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/07/31/a-new-health-care-approach-dont-hide-the-price/.

89. R. Kocher, "Last Week 's Medicare Millionaires Story Was Only the Beginning," Dallas News, April 15, 2014, http://www.da lla snews .com/opinion/sunday-commentary/20140415 -last-week s-medicare-millionaires-story-was-only-the-beginning.ece.

90. N. Brennan, P. H. Conway, and M. Tavenner, "The Medicare Physician-Data Release—Context and Rationale," New England Journal of Medicine, July 10, 2014, http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1405026.

91. M. Beck, "How to Bring the Price of Health Care Into the Open," Wall Street Journal, February 23, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424
052702303650204579375242842086688.

92. "Within Digital Health, Healthcare Cost Transparency Is an Increasingly Hot Area Among VCs," CB Insights, September 12, 2013, http://www.cbinsights.com/blog/trends/healthcare-cost-transparency.

93. "Price Transparency an Essential Building Block for a High-Value, Sustainable Health Care System," National Governors Association, accessed August 13, 2014, http://statepolicyoptions.nga.org/policy_article/price-transparency-essential-building-block-high-value-sustainable-health-care-section.

94. B. Coluni, "Save $36 Billion in US Healthcare Spending Through Price Transparency," Thompson Reuters, February 2012, http://spu.edu/depts/hr/documents/health_plan_price_transparency.pdf.

95. D. Cutler and L. Dafny, "Designing Transparency Systems for Medical Care Prices," New England Journal of Medicine 362, no. 10 (2011): 894–895.

96. J. Millman, "Price Transparency Stinks in Health Care. Here's How the Industry Wants to Change That," Washington Post, April 16, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2014/04/16/price-transparency-stinks-in-health-care-heres-how-the-industry-wants-to-change-that/.

97. M. Trilli, "Price Transparency in U.S. Healthcare: A New Market," Aite Group, June 5, 2013, http://www.aitegroup.com/report/price-transparency-us-healthcare-new-market.

98. T. Murphy, "Patients, Firms Shop for Better Health Care Deals," ABC News, October 26, 2013, http://e-healthynewsdaily.blogspot.com/2013/10/patients-firms-shop-for-better-health.html.

99. D. Munro, "Healthcare's Story of the Year for 2013—Pricing Transparency," Forbes, December 15, 2013, http://www.forbes.com/sites/danmunro/2013/12/15/healthcares-story-of-the-year-for-2013-pricing-transparency/print/.

100. K. Phillips, "A Trend: Private Companies Provide Health Care Price Data," Health Affairs Blog, January 8, 2014, http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2014/01/08/a-trend-private-companies-provide-health-care-price-data/print/.

101. A. D. Sinaiko and M. B. Rosenthal, "Increased Price Transparency in Health Care—Challenges and Potential Effects," New England Journal of Medicine 364, no. 10 (2011): 891–894.

102a. M. K. McGee, "Mobile App Helps Consumers Shop for Healthcare," Information Week, April 2, 2012, http://www.informationweek.com/news/healthcare/patient/232800146?printer_friendly=this-page.

102b. S. G. Boodman, "Like Priceline for Patients: Doctors Compete for Business via Online Bids for Surgery," Washington Post, August 4, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/like -priceline -for-patients -doctors -compete -for-business -via-online-bids -for-surgery/2014/08/01/030d3576-f 7e4-11e3-a606-946fd632f9f1_story.html.

103. G. Perna, "Uwe Reinhardt: The Year of Hospital Pricing Transparency (Part 1)," Healthcare Informatics, December 13, 2013, http://www.healthcare-informatics.com/print/article/uwe-reinhardt-year-hospital-pricing-transparency-part-1.

104. M. Gamble, "Survey: 32% of Patients Ask About Cost Before Appointment or Hospital Visit," Becker's Hospital Review, January 9, 2014, http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/racs-/-icd-9-/-icd-10/survey-32-of-patients-ask-about-cost-before-appointment-or-hospital-visit.html.

105. M. P. Mikluch, "On the Use of Knowledge in the U.S. Health Care System," Charles Street Symposium, 2013, http://www.podemska.com/on-the-use-of-knowledge-in.pdf.

106. N. Omigui et al., "Outmigration for Coronary Bypass Surgery in an Era of Public Dissemination of Clinical Outcomes," Circulation 93, no. 1 (1996): 27–33.

107a. R. Kolker, "Heartless," New York Magazine, 2014, http://nymag.com/nymetro/health/features/14788/.

107b. S.-j Wu et al., "Price Transparency for MRIs Increased Use of Less Costly Providers and Triggered

Provider Competition," Health Affairs 33, no. 8 (2014): 1391–1398.

107c. S. Kliff, "When Health Care Prices Stop Being Hidden, and Start Getting Real," Vox, August 18, 2014, http://www.vox.com/2014/8/5/5970685/when-health-care-prices-stop-being-hidden-and-start-getting-real.

107d. E. Rosenthal, "Why We Should Know the Price of Medical Tests," New York Times, August 5, 2014, http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/08/05/why-we-should-know-the-price-of-medical-tests/.108. J. H. Hibbard et al., "An Experiment Shows That a Well-Designed Report on Costs and Quality Can Help Consumers Choose High-Value Health Care," Health Affairs 31, no. 3 (2012): 560 –568.

109. J. A. Guest and L. Quincy, "Consumers Gaining Ground in Health Care," Journal of the American Medical Association 310, no. 18 (2013): 1939–1940.

110. "DocAdvisor," The Economist, July 26, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21608767/print.

Глава 9

1. R. Cook, Cell (New York, NY: Penguin, 2014), 216.

2. M. Miliard, "Q&A: Eric Dishman on Patient Engagement," Healthcare IT News, April 10, 2012, http://www.healthcareitnews.com/eric-dishman-interview.

3. J. Hempel, "IBM's Massive Bet on Watson," Fortune, September 19, 2013, http://fortune.com/2013/09/19/ibms-massive-bet-on-watson/.

4. D. Rotman, "How Technology Is Destroying Jobs," MIT Technolog y Review, June 12, 2013, http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/515926/how-technology-is-destroying-jobs/.

5. W. B. Arthur, The Nature of Technology (New York, NY: Penguin, 2009).

6. E. Brynjolfsson and A. McAfee, Race Against the Machine (Lexington, MA: Digital Frontier Press, 2011).

7. Cook, Cell, 30.

8. Ibid., 216 –217.

9. R. Cook and E. Topol, "Cook and Topol: How Digital Medicine Will Soon Save Your Life," Wall Street Journal, February 21, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424
052702303973704579351080028045594.

10. "A Survey of America's Physicians: Practice Patterns and Perspectives," The Physicians Foundation, September 21, 2012, http://www.physiciansfoundation.org/hea lthcare-research/a-sur vey-of-americas-physicians-practice-patterns-and-perspectives.

11. P. Carrera, "Do-It-Yourself Health Care," Health A airs 32, no. 6 (2013): 1173.

12. K. Uhlig et al., "Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring in the Management of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," Annals of Internal Medicine 159, no. 3 (2013): 185–194.

13. K. L. Margolis et al., "Effect of Home Blood Pressure Telemonitoring and Pharmacist Management on Blood Pressure Control: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial," Journal of the American Medical Association 310, no. 1 (2013): 46 –56.

14. S. Nundy et al., "Mobile Phone Diabetes Project Led to Improved Glycemic Control and Net Savings for Chicago Plan Participants," Health Affairs 33, no. 2 (2014): 265–272.

15. L. Kish, "The Blockbuster Drug of the Century: An Engaged Patient," HL7 Standards, August 28, 2012, http://www.hl7standards.com/blog/2012/08/28/drug-of-the-century/.

16. S. Dentzer, "R x for the 'Blockbuster Drug' of Patient Engagement," Health Affairs 32, no. 2 (2013): 202.

17. L. Ricciardi et al., "A National Action Plan to Support Consumer Engagement via E-Health," Health Affairs 32, no. 2 (2013): 376 –384.

18. J. H. Hibbard and J. Greene, "What the Evidence Shows About Patient Activation: Better Health Outcomes and Care Experiences; Fewer Data on Costs," Health Affairs 32, no. 2 (2013): 207–214.

19. S. Bouchard, "Harnessing the Power of Retail Clinics," Healthcare Finance News, April 25, 2014, http://www.healthcarefinancenews.com/news/harnessing-power-retail-clinics.

20. M. Hamilton, "Why Walk-in Health Care Is a Fast-Growing Profit Center for Retail Chains," Washington Post, April 4, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/why-walk-in-health-care-is-a-fast-growing-profit-center-for-retail-chains/2014/04/04/a05f7cf4-b9c2-11e3-96ae-f2c36d2b1245_story.html.

21. S. Reddy, "Drugstores Play Doctor: Physicals, Flu Diagnosis, and More," Wall Street Journal, April 7, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100014
24052702304819004579487412385359986.

22. K. Koplovitz, "Healthcare IT—An Investment Choice for the Future," Forbes, February 2, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/kaykoplovitz/2014/02/04/healthcare-it-an-investment-choice-for-the-future/.

23. M. Beck and T. W. Martin, "Pediatrics Group Balks at Rise of Retail Health Clinics," Wall Street Journal, February 24, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/article_email/SB10001
424052702304834704579400962328393876-lMyQj
AxMTA0MDIwNDEyNDQ yWj-printMode.

24. B. Japsen, "As Walgreen Plays Doctor, Family Physicians Bristle," Forbes, April 6, 2013, http://www.forbes.com/sites/brucejapsen/2013/04/06/as-walgreen-plays-doctor-family-physicians-bristle/print/.

25. M. Healy, "Docs Oppose Retail-Based Clinics for Kids' Care," USA Today, February 24, 2014, http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/02/24/pediatrician-retail-health-clinics/5688603/.

26. M. Beck, "At VHA, Doctors, Nurses Clash on Oversight," Wall Street Journal, January 26, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100014
24052702304856504579340603947983912.

27. "The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health Report Recommendations," Institute of Medicine, November 17, 2010, http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health/Recommendations.aspx.

28. C. Gounder, "The Case for Changing How Doctors Work," New Yorker, October 1, 2013, http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/currency/2013/10/changing-how-doctors-work.html?printable=true&currentPage=all.

29. S. Jauhar, "Nurses Are Not Doctors," New York Times, April 30, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/30/opinion/nurses-are-not-doctors.html.

30. O. Khazan, "The Case for Seeing a Nurse Instead of a Doctor," The Atlantic, April 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/health/print/2014/04/the-case-for-seeing-a-nurse-instead-of-a-doctor/361111/.

31. L. Uscher-Pines and A. Mehrotra, "Analysis of Teladoc Use Seems to Indicate Expanded Access to Care for Patients Without Prior Connection to a Provider," Health Affairs 33, no. 2 (2014):258–264.

32. "How Long Will You Wait to See a Doctor?," CNN Money, accessed August 19, 2014, http://money.cnn.com/interactive/economy/average-doctor-wait-times/.

33. E. Rosenthal, "The Health Care Waiting Game," New York Times, July 6, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/06/sunday-review/long-waits-for-doctors-appointments-have-become-the-norm.html.

34. T. Morrow, "How Virtual Health Assistants Can Reshape Healthcare," Forbes, March 13, 2013, http://www.forbes.com/sites/ciocentral/2013/03/13/how-virtual-health-assistants-can-reshape-healthcare/print/.

35. T. Morrow, "Virtual Health Assistants: A Prescription for Retail Pharmacies," Drug Store News, July 18, 2013, http://www.drugstorenews.com/article/virtual-health-assistants-prescription-retail-pharmacies.

36. T. McMahon, "The Smartphone Will See You Now," MacLean's Magazine, March 4, 2013, 46 – 49.

37. A. Carrns, "Visiting the Doctor, Virtually," New York Times, February 13, 2013, http://bucks.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/02/13/visiting-the-doctor-virtually/.

38. T. Wasserman, "The Doctor Will See You Now—On Your Cellphone," Mashable, December 10, 2013, http://mashable.com/2013/12/10/doctor-on-demand-app/.

39. R. Xu, "The Doctor Will See You Onscreen," New Yorker, March 10, 2014, http://www.new yorker.com/online/blogs/currenc y/2014/03/the -doctor-will-see -you-onscreen.html?printable=true&currentPage=all.

40. A. Sifferlin, "The Doctor Will Skype You Now," TIME, January 13, 2014, http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/printout/0,8816,2161682,00.html.

41. K. Bourzac, "The Computer Will See You Now," Nature 502 (2013): 592–594.

42. "The Robots Are Coming. How Many of Us Will Prosper from the Second Machine Age?," Raw Story, January 4, 2014, http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2014/01/04/the-robots-are-coming-how-many-of-us-will-prosper-from-the-second-machine-age/.

43. J. Marte, "The Doctor Visit of the Future May Be a Phone Call," Market Watch, March 3, 2014, http://www.marketwatch.com/story/the -doctor-will-facetime-you-now-2014- 03-03/print?guid=D2E3D006-A2D6-11E3-BC16-00212803FAD6.

44. L. Landro, "A Better Online Diagnosis Before the Doctor Visit," Wall Street Journal, July 22, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424
127887324328904578621743278445114.html.

45. S. Koven, "Doctors, Patients, and Computer Screens," Boston Globe, February 24, 2014, http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/health-wellness/2014/02/24/practice-doctors-patients-and-computer-screens/JMMYaCDtf3mnuQZGf kMVyL/story.html.

46. L. Landro, "The Doctor's Team Will See You Now," Wall Street Journal, February 17, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100014
24052702304899704579389203539061082.

47. T. W. Martin, "When Your M.D. Is an Algorithm," Wall Street Journal, April 11, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142
4127887324010704578414992125798464.html.

48. A. Vaterlaus-Staby, "Is Data the Doctor of the Future?," PSFK, March 11, 2014: http://www.psfk.com/2014/03/data-doctor-future-future-health.html#!bGg2V0.

49. S. Bader, "The Doctor's Office of the Future: Coffeeshop, Apple Store, and Fitness Center," Fast Company, December 11, 2013, http://www.fastcoexist.com/3023255/futurist-forum/the-doctors-office-of-the-future-coffeeshop-apple-store-and-fitness-center.

50. A. Hamilton, "Could ePatient Networks Become the Superdoctors of the Future?," Fast Company, September 28, 2014, http://www.fastcoexist .com/168 0617/could-epatient-net work s-become -the-superdoctors-of-the-future.

51. S. D. Hall, "The Idea of Virtual Doctor Visits Is Growing on Us," Fierce Health IT, March 7, 2013, http://www.fiercehealthit.com/node/19095/print.

52. S. Mace, "Developing Telemedicine Options," Health Leaders Media, April 11, 2014, http://www.healthleadersmedia.com/print/MAG-303102/Developing-Telemedicine-Options.

53. K. Lee, "'Telehealth' Evolving Doctor-Patient Services with Online Interactions," NECN, January 21, 2014, http://www.necn.com/01/21/14/Telehealth-evolving-doctor-patient-servi/landing.html?blockID=861974.

54. C. Lowe, "The Future of Doctors," TeleCare Aware, January 23, 2014, http://telecareaware.com/the-future-of-doctors/.

55. R. Pearl, "Kaiser Permanente Northern California: Current Experiences with Internet, Mobile, and Video Technologies," Health Affairs 33, no. 2 (2014): 251–257.

56. D. Raths, "Kaiser N. Calif. Topped 10 Million Virtual Visits in 2013," Healthcare Informatics, Februar y 11, 2013, http://www.healthcare-informatics.com/print/blogs/david-raths/kaiser-n-calif-topped-10-million-virtual-visits-2013.

57. "Why Telemedicine Is the Future of the Health Care Industry," The Week, April 23, 2014, http://theweek.com/article/index/260330/why-telemedicine-is-the-future-of-the-health-care-industry.

58. D. Liu, "Vinod Khosla: Technology Will Replace 80 Percent of Docs," Health Care Blog, August 31, 2014, http://thehealthcareblog.com/blog/2012/08/31/vinod-k hosla-technolog y-will-replace-80-percent-of-docs/.

59. L. Gannes, "Doctor on Demand App Gives $40 Medical Consultations from the Comfort of Your Smartphone," All Things D, December 10, 2013, http://allthingsd.com/?p=377886&ak _action=printable.

60. "MedLion Direct Primary Care Partners with Helpouts by Google to Give Patients Live Video Appointments," PRWeb, April 2, 2014, http://www.prweb.com/releases/2014MedLion
GoogleHelpouts/04/prweb11730367.htm.

61. E. A. Moore, "For $49, a Doctor Will See You Now—Online," CNET, October 9, 2013, http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-57606794-1/for-$49-a-doctor-will-see-you-now-online/.

62. A. Nixon, "Virtual Doctor's Office Visits via Telemedicine to be Norm," TribLive, October 31, 2013, http://triblive.com/business/headlines/4976316-74/doctor-patients-telemedicine?printerfriendly=true.

63. J. Bellamy, "Telemedicine: Click and the Doctor Will See You Now," Science Based Medicine, May 1, 2014, http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/telemedicine-click-and-the-doctor-will-see-you-now/.

64. W. H. Frist, "Connected Health and the Rise of the Patient-Consumer," Health Affairs 33, no. 2 (2014): 191–193.

65. L. Freeman, "Patients Skipping Waiting Room in Favor of Visiting Doctor Online," 23 ABC, August 9, 2013, http://www.turnto23.com/web/kero/lifestyle/health/patients-skipping-waiting-room-in-favor-of-visiting-doctor-online-1.

66. R. Flinn, "Video Dial-a-Doctor Seen Easing Shortage in Rural U.S.," Bloomberg Businessweek, September 5, 2012, http://www.businessweek.com/printer/articles/319338?type=bloomberg.

67. C. Farr, "Former Apple CEO Backs Virtual Doctor's Office to Create the 'Consumer Era' of Medicine," Venture Beat, January 22, 2014, http://venturebeat.com/2014/01/22/former-apple-ceo-backs-virtual-doctors-office-to-create-the-consumer-era-of-medicine/.

68. R. Empson, "With $1.2M from Greylock, Yuri Milner and 500 Startups, First Opinion Lets You Text a Doctor Anytime," TechCrunch, January 14, 2014, http://techcrunch.com/2014/01/14/with-1-2m-from-greylock-yuri-milner-and-500-startups-first-opinion-lets-you-text-a-doctor-anytime/.

69. O. Kharif, "Telemedicine: Doctor Visits via Video Calls," Bloomberg Businessweek, February 27, 2014, http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-02-27/health-insurers-add-telemedicine-services-to-cut-costs.

70. W. Khawar, "For $69 and Your Smart Phone in Hand, a Board Certified Dermatologist Will Look at Your Rash," iMedical Apps, August 19, 2013, http://www.imedicalapps.com/2013/08/smartphone-dermatologist-rash/.

71. L. Dignan, "Expanding Amazon's Mayday Button: Five New Uses to Ponder," ZDNet, January 3, 2014, http://www.zdnet.com/expanding-amazons-mayday-button-five-new-uses-to-ponder-7000024741/.

72. D. Pogoreic, "MDs, AT&T Alum Look to Test the Market for Virtual Concierge Care in California via Crowdf unding," MedCity News, March 4, 2014, http://medcit ynews .com/2014/03/crowdfunding-lean-mhealth-startup-att-mhealth-alum-test-market-virtual-concierge-care/.

73. "How Digital Checkups Provide Better Patient Care [Future of Health]," PSFK, March 6, 2014, http://www.psf k.com/2014/03/remote-health.html.

74. L. H. Schwamm, "Telehealth: Seven Strategies to Successfully Implement Disruptive Technology and Transform Health Care," Health Affairs 33, no. 2 (2014): 200 –206.

75. C. Brown, "Bringing Home the Value of Telehealth," Business Innovation, February 18, 2014, http://www.business2community.com/business-innovation/bringing-home-value-telehealth-0783860#!bGhsGA.

76. C. Farr, "Google Jumps into the Healthcare Field with Video Service Helpouts," MedCity News, November 20, 2013, http://medcitynews.com/2013/11/google-jumps-healthcare-field-video-service-helpouts/.

77. J. Roettgers, "Google's Helpouts Could Be the Company's Secret Weapon to Take on Healthcare," Tech News and Analysis, November 4, 2013, http://gigaom.com/2013/11/04/googles-helpouts-could-be-the-companys-secret-weapon-to-take-on-healthcare/.

78. D. Tahir, "Verizon Introduces Virtual Visits, New Telehealth Offering," Modern Healthcare, June 25, 2014, http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20140625/NEWS/306259948.

79. "For $50 a Month, These Health Advisors Will Answer All Your Paranoid Medical Questions," Fast Company, April 17, 2014, http://www.fastcoexist.com/3029237/for-50-a-month-these-health-advisors-will-answer-all-your-paranoid-medical-questions.

80. G. Clapp, "Meet Better—Your Personal Health Assistant," Better, April 15, 2014, http://www.getbetter.com/blog/2014/4/15/meet-better-your-personal-health-assistant.

81. N. Ungerleider, "The Mayo Clinic's New Doctor-in-an-iPhone," Fast Company, April 18, 2014, http://www.fastcompany.com/3029304/the-mayo-clinics-new-doctor-in-an-iphone.

82. L. Rao, "Better Raises $5M from Chamath Palihapitiya and Mayo Clinic to Be Your Personal Health Advocate," TechCrunch, April 16, 2014, http://techcrunch.com/2014/04/16/better-raises-5m-from-chamath-palihapitiya-and-mayo-clinic-to-be-your-personal-health-advocate/.

83. B. Dolan, "Mayo Clinic–Backed Better Launches Personal Health Assistant Service," Mobi- HealthNews, April 16, 2014, http://mobihealthnews.com/32130/mayo-clinic-backed-better-launches-personal-health-assistant-service/.

84a. G. Pittman, "Virtual Visits to Doctor May Be Cheaper Than and as Effective as In-Person Visits," Washington Post, January 18, 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/virtual-visits%C9n-visits/2013/01/18/8237c028-601e-11e2-a389-ee565c81c565_print.html.

84b. C. Schmidt, "Uber-Inspired Apps Bring a Doctor Right to Your Door," CNN, July 31, 2014, http://www.cnn.com/2014/07/31/health/doctor-house-call-app/.

85. L. H. Schwamm, "Telehealth: Seven Strategies to Successfully Implement Disruptive Technology and Transform Healthcare," Health Affairs 33, no. 2 (2014): 200 –206.

86a. H. Gregg, "WellPoint's Telemedicine Service Saves Patients $71 per Visit," Beckers Hospital Review, March 6, 2014, http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-information-technolog y/ wellpoint-s-telemedicine-service-saves-patients-71-per-visit/print.html.

86b. "Technology, Media & Telecommunications Predictions," Deloitte Global Report, 2014, http://www2.deloitte.com/global/en/pages/technology-media-and-telecommunications/articles/tmt-predictions-2014.html.

86c. L. Mearian, "Almost One in Six Doctor Visits Will Be Virtual This Year," Computer World, August 9, 2014, http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/552031/
almost_one_six_doctor_visits_will_virtual_year.

87. D. F. Maron, "Virtual Doctor Visits Gaining Steam in 'Geneticist Deserts,'" Scientific American, April 21, 2014, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/virtual-doctor-visits-gaining-steam/?print=true.

88. "Genetic Counseling via Telephone as Effective as In-person Counseling," Lombardi News Release Archive, January 22, 2014, http://explore.georgetown.edu/documents/74419/?PageTemplateID=141.

89. J. Adler-Milstein, J. Kvedar, and D. W. Bates, "Telehealth Among US Hospitals: Several Factors, Including State Reimbursement and Licensure Policies, Influence Adoption," Health Affairs 33, no. 2 (2014): 207–215.

90. R. Kocher, "Doctors Without State Borders: Practicing Across State Lines," Health Affairs, February 18, 2014, http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2014/02/18/doctors-without-state-borders-practicing-across-state-lines/.

91. M. Ravindranath, " Daschle, Former Senators Form Alliance to Lobby for New Telehealth Rules," Washington Post, March 1, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/on-it/daschle-former-senato%C9h-rules/2014/03/01/194bc356-98ef-11e3-80ac-63a8ba7f 7942_story.html.

92a. R. Pear, "Medical Boards Draft Plan to Ease Path to Out-of-State and Online Treatment," New York Times, June 30, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/30/us/medical-boards-draft-plan-to-ease-path-to-out-of-state-and-online-treatment.html.

92b. R. Steinbrook, "Interstate Medical Licensure: Major Reform of Licensing to Encourage Medical Practice in Multiple States," Journal of the American Medical Association 312, no. 7 (2014): 695– 696.

93. Z. Landman, "Mobile Health Lets Doctors Practice Like It's 1950," Huffngton Post, November 12, 2013, http://www.huffngtonpost.com/zachary-landman/mobile-health-lets-doctor_b_4262299.html.

94. I. Gal, "Israeli Invention May Spare Visit to Doctor," Y Net News, November 4, 2013, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4443648,00.html.

95a. "New Medical Tech Company, MedWand Solutions, LLC, Set to Revolutionize Telemedicine," PRWeb press release, April 28, 2014, http://www.prweb.com/releases/2014/04/prweb11799903.htm.

95b. R. Matheson, "Mental-Health Monitoring Goes Mobile," MIT News, July 16, 2014, http://newsoffice.mit.edu/2014/mental-health-monitoring-goes-mobile-0716.

96. M. Wardrop, "Doctors Told to Prescribe Smartphone Apps to Patients," Telegraph, February 22, 2012, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/9097647/Doctors-told-to-prescribe-smartphone-apps-to-patients.html.

97. S. Curtis, "Digital Doctors: How Mobile Apps Are Changing Healthcare," Telegraph, December 4, 2013, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/10488778/Digital-doctors-how-mobile-apps-are-changing-ealthcare.html.

98. "How Speech-Recognition Software Got So Good," The Economist, April 22, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21601175/print.

99. J. Conn, "IT Experts Push Translator Systems to Convert Doc-Speak into ICD-10 Codes," Modern Healthcare, May 3, 2014, http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20140503
/MAGAZINE/305039969/1246/.

100. R. Rosenberger, "Siri, Take This Down: Will Voice Control Shape Our Writing?," The Atlantic, August 2012, http://www.theatlantic.com/technolog y/print/2012/08/siri-take-this-down-will-voice-control-shape-our-writing/259624/.

101. E. Brynjolfsson and A. McAfee, The Second Machine Age (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2014).

102. K. Kelly, "Better Than Human: Why Robots Will—and Must—Take Our Jobs," Wired, December 24, 2012, http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2012/12/ff-robots-will-take-our-jobs/all/.

103. D. Bethel, "Doctor Dinosaur: Physicians May Not Be Exempt from Extinction," KevinMD.com, November 9, 2013, http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2013/11/physicians-exempt-extinction.html.

104. E. Wicklund, "Korean Doctors Fight Back Against mHealth," mHealth News, November 27, 2013, http://www.mhealthnews.com/blog/korean-doctors-fight-back-against-mhealth.

105. J. D. Rockoff, "Robots vs. Anesthesiologists," Wall Street Journal, October 9, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424
052702303983904579093252573814132.html.

106a. R. Bradley, "Rethinking Health Care with PatientsLikeMe," Fortune, April 15, 2013, http://fortune.com/2013/04/15/rethinking-health-care-with-patientslikeme/.

106b. "The Computer Will See You Now," The Economist, August 16, 2014, http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21612114-virtual-shrink-may-sometimes-be-better-real-thing-computer-will-see.

106c. G. M. Lucas, J. Gratch, A. King, and L.-P. Morency, "It's Only a Computer: Virtual HumansIncrease Willingness to Disclose," Computers in Human Behavior 37 (2014): 94–100.

106d. "Physician Shortages to Worsen Increase in Residency Training," American Association of Medical Colleges, 2014, https://www.aamc.org/download/153160/data/physician_
shortages_to_worsen_ without_increases_in_residency_tr.pdf.

106e. J. Eden, D. Berwick, and G. Wilensky, "Graduate Medical Education That Meets the Nation's Health Needs," in Institute of Medicine (Washington D.C.: The National Academies Press, 2014), http:// www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=18754.

107. S. Gottlieb and E. J. Emanuel, "No, There Won't Be a Doctor Shortage," New York Times, December 5, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/05/opinion/no-there-wont-be-a-doctor-shortage.html.

108. J. Parkinson, "I Was Invited to a Private Breakfast with...," New Yorker, November 8, 2013, http://blog.jayparkinsonmd.com/post/66394909190/i-was-invited-to-attend-a-private-breakfast-with.

109. "The Doctor Will Email You Now, and Patients Like It," Science Blog, August 6, 2013, http://scienceblog.com/65398/the-doctor-will-email-you-now-and-patients-like-it/.

110. "The Doctor Will E -ma il You Now," Consumer Reports, December 2013, http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/magazine/2014/01/the-doctor-will-email-you-now/index.htm.

111. J. Bresnick, "42% of Docs Fear mHealth Will Lessen Their Power Over Patients," EHR Intelligence, October 23, 2013, http://ehrintelligence.com/2013/10/23/42-of-docs-fear-mhealth-will-lessen-their-power-over-patients/.

112. "The Dream of the Medical Tricorder," The Economist, November 29, 2012, http://www.economist.com/news/technology-quarterly/21567208-medical-technology-hand-held-diagnostic-devices-seen-star-trek-are-inspiring.

113. E. J. Topol and M. R. Splinter, "Stuck in the Past: Why Are Doctors Still Using the Stethoscope and Manila Folder?," Medscape, December 10, 2013, http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/817495_print.

114. D. M. Knowlan, "Looking Back and Looking Forward: The White Coat Lecture," Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings 27, no. 1 (2014): 63– 65.

115. "ICU Sonography Tutorial 9—Lung Ultrasound," Critical Echo, accessed August 13, 2014, http://www.criticalecho.com/content/tutorial-9-lung-ultrasound.

116. cyberPhil, "Why Not Teach Ultrasound in Medical School?," Dr. Philip Gardiner's Blog, January 9, 2013, http://www.philipgardiner.me.uk/2013/01/why-not-teach-medical-ultrasound-in-medical-school/.

117. J. A. K risch, "R .I.P., Stethoscope?," Popular Mechanics, January 23, 2014, http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/health/med-tech/rip-stethoscope-16414909?utm _medium=referral&utm_source=pulsenews.

118. B. P. Nelson and J. Narula, "How Relevant Is Point-of-Care Ultrasound in LMIC?," Global Heart 8, no. 4 (2013): 287–288.

119. B. P. Nelson and A. Sanghvi, "Point-of-Care Cardiac Ultrasound: Feasibility of Performance by Noncardiologists," Global Heart 8, no. 4 (2013): 293–297.

120. A. Relman, "A Coming Medical Revolution," New York Review of Books, October 25, 2014, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2012/oct/25/coming-medical-revolution/?pagination=false&printpage=true.

121. E. Rosenthal, "Apprehensive, Many Doctors Shift to Jobs with Salaries," New York Times, February 14, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/14/us/salaried-doctors-may-not-lead-to-cheaper-health-care.html.

122. D. Drake, "The Health-Care System Is So Broken, It's Time for Doctors to Strike," The Daily Beast, April 29, 2014, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/04/29/the-health-care-system-is-so-broken-it-s-time-for-doctors-to-strike.html.

123. D. Shannon, "Why I Left Medicine: A Burnt-Out Doctor's Decision To Quit," Common Health, October 18, 2013, http://commonhealth.wbur.org/2013/10/why-i-left-medi­cine-a-burnt-out-doctors-decision-to-quit.

124. D. F. Craviotto, "A Doctor's Declaration of Independence," Wall Street Journal, April 28, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10
001424052702304279904579518273176775310.

125. D. Ofri, "The Epidemic of Disillusioned Doctors," TIME, July 2, 2013, http://ideas.time.com/2013/07/02/the-epidemic-of-disillusioned-doctors/print/.

126. A. W. Mathews, "Hospitals Prescribe Big Data to Track Doctors at Work," Wall Street Journal, July 11, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142
4127887323551004578441154292068308.html.

127. V. McEvoy, "Why 'Metrics' Overload Is Bad Medicine," Wall Street Journal, February 12, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100014
24052702303293604579253971350304330?mod=
WSJ_Opinion_LEFTTopOpinion.

128. R. Abelson and S. Cohen, "Sliver of Medicare Doctors Get Big Share of Payouts," New York Times, April 9, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/09/business/sliver-of-medicare-doctors-get-big-share-of-payouts.html.

129. R. Gunderman, "For the Young Doctor About to Burn Out," The Atlantic, February 21, 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/02/for-the-young-doctor-about-to-burn-out/284005/.

130. D. Drake, "How Being a Doctor Became the Most Miserable Profession," The Daily Beast, April 14, 2014, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/04/14/how-being-a-doctor-became-the-most-miserable-profession.html.

131. L. Radnofsky, "Medicare to Publish Trove of Data on Doctors," Wall Street Journal, April 2, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001
424052702303847804579477923585256790.

132. S. Dhand, "The Human Side of Medicine That No Computer Can Ever Touch," KevinMD.com, November 27, 2013, http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2013/11/human-side-medicine-computer-touch.html.

133. D. Diamond, "Hospitals Lost Jobs—Again," Advisory Board Daily Briefing, August 2, 2013, http://www.advisory.com/Daily-Briefing/Blog/2013/08/Hospitals-lost-jobs-again.

134. J. Weiner, "What Big Data Can't Tell Us, but Kolstad's Paper Suggests," Penn LDI, April 24, 2014, http://ldi.upenn.edu/voices/2014/04/24/what-big-data-can-t-tell-us-but-kolstad-s-paper-suggests.

135. L. Rosenbaum, "What Big Data Can't Tell Us About Health Care," New Yorker, April 23, 2014, http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/currency/2014/04/the-medicare-data-dump-and-the-cost-of-care.html?printable=true&currentPage=all.

136. J. T. Kolstad, "Information and Quality When Motivation Is Intrinsic: Evidence from Surgeon Report Cards," National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2013, http://www.nber.org/papers/w18804.

137. C. Ornstein, "Beyond Ratings: More Tools Coming to Pick Your Doctor," ProPublica, April 8, 2014, http://www.propublica.org/article/beyond-ratings-more-tools-coming-to-pick-your-doctor.

138. Z. Moukheiber, "Grand Rounds Wants to Find the Right Doctor for You," Forbes, April 8, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/zinamoukheiber/2014/04/08/grand-rounds-wants-to-find-the-right-doctor-for-you/.

139. L. Abrams, "Study: Hospitals with More Facebook 'Likes' Have Lower Mortality Rates," The Atlantic, March 2013, http://www.theatlantic.com/health/print/2013/03/study-hospitals-with-more-facebook-likes-have-lower-mortality-rates/273697/.

140. L. Abrams, "Why We're Still Waiting on the 'Yelpification' of Health Care," The Atlantic, October 2012, http://www.theatlantic.com/health/print/2012/10/why-were-still-waiting-on-the-yelpification-of-health-care/263815/.

141. D. Streitfeld, "Physician, Review Thyself," New York Times, March 4, 2014, http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/03/04/physician-review-thyself/?smid=tw-share.

142. "Consumer Reports Teams with Massachusetts Group to Rate Nearly 500 Primary Care Doctors' Practices," Consumer Reports, May 31, 2012, http://c354183.r83.cf1.rackcdn.com/MHQP%20
Consumer%20Reports%20Insert%202012.pdf.

143. R. Gunderman, "Why Doctor Ratings Are Misleading," The Atlantic, April 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/health/print/2014/04/why-doctor-ratings-are-misleading/360476/.

144. C. Doyle, L. Lennox, and D. Bell, "A Systematic Review of Evidence on the Links Between Patient Experience and Clinical Safety and Effectiveness," British Medical Journal 3 (2013): e001570.

145. J. Rossen, "Insult and Injury: How Doctors Are Losing the War Against Trolls," BuzzFeed, April 3, 2014, http://www.buzzfeed.com/jakerossen/insult-and-injury-inside-the-webs-one-sided-war-on-doctors.

146. J. J. Fenton et al., "The Cost of Satisfaction," Archives of Internal Medicine 172, no. 5 (2012):405– 411.

147. O. Khazan, "Why Aren't Doctors More Tech-Savvy?," The Atlantic, January 21, 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/01/why-arent-doctors-more-tech-savvy/283178/.

148. J. Bendix, "Can the Doctor-Patient Relationship Survive?," Medical Economics, December 10, 2013, http://medicaleconomics.modernmedicine.com/medical-economics/news/can-doctor-patient-relationship-survive?page=full.

149. R. Harrell, "Why a Patient's Story Matters More Than a Computer Checklist," NPR, November 17, 2013, http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/11/17/242366259/why-a-patient-s-story-matters-more-than-a-computer-checklist.

150. I. Bau, "Health 2.0 v.2013: Integration and Patient Outcomes Are Still Driving Health Technology—but So Should Empathy, Caring, and Communication," Health Policy Consultation Services—Resources for Patient- Centered & Equitable Care, October 4, 2013, http://ignatiu sbau.com/?s=integration+patient+outcomes+health.

151. S. Guglani, "Compassionate Care: A Force for Change," The Lancet 382 (2013): 676.

152. E. Topol, "Machinations of the Machine Age," commencement address at Temple University, 2014, http://www.temple.edu/medicine/tusm_grad_speech_topol.htm.

153. "The Future of Jobs: The Onrushing Wave," The Economist, January 16, 2014, http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21594264-previous-technological-innovation-has-always-delivered-more-long-run-employment-not-less.

Глава 10

1. "The Future of Healthcare: Virtual Physician Visits & Bedless Hospitals," Lab Soft News, April 1, 2013, http://labsoftnews.typepad.com/lab_soft_news/2013/04/the-future-of-healthcare-less-emphasis-on-hospital-visits.html.

2. D. DiSanzo, "Op/Ed: Hospital of the Future Will Be a Health Delivery Network," US News & World Report, January 14, 2014, http://health.usnews.com/health-news/hospital-of-tomorrow/articles/2014/01/14/oped-hospital-of-the-future-will-be-a-health-delivery-network.

3. J. Comstock, "Revisiting How Christensen's 'Disruption Innovation' in Healthcare Means Decentralization," MobiHealthNews, March 26, 2014, http://mobihealthnews.com/31470/revisiting-how-christensens-disruption-innovation-in-healthcare-means-decentralization/.

4. E. Topol et al., "A Randomized Controlled Trial of Hospital Discharge Three Days After Myo- cardial Infarction in the Era of Reperfusion," New England Journal of Medicine 318 (1988): 1083–1088.

5. "American Hospital Association Annual Survey of Hospitals," in Hospital Statistics, 1976, 1981, 1999 –2011 editions (Chicago, IL: American Hospital Association).

6. J. T. James, "A New, Evidence-Based Estimate of Patient Harms Associated with Hospital Care," Journal of Patient Safety 9, no. 3 (2013): 122–128.

7. L. L. Leape et al., "Perspective: A Culture of Respect, Part 2: Creating a Culture of Respect," Academic Medicine 87, no. 7 (2012): 853–858.

8. M. Makary, "How to Stop Hospitals from Killing Us," Wall Street Journal, September 21, 2012, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100
00872396390444620104578008263334441352.

9. M. Makary, Unaccountable: What Hospitals Won't Tell You and How Transparency Can Revolutionize Health Care (New York, NY: Bloomsbury, 2012).

10. L. Landro, "Hospital Horrors," Wall Street Journal, October 3, 2012, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100
00872396390444709004577652201640230514.

11. L. Hand, "Healthcare-Associated Infections Still Major Issue, CDC Says," Medscape, March 26, 2014, http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/822612.

12. S. Sternberg, "Medical Errors Harm Huge Number of Patients," US News & World Report, August 28, 2012, http://health.usnews.com/health-news/articles/2012/08/28/medical-errors-harm-huge-number-of-patients?page=4.

13. S. S. Magill et al., "Multistate Point-Prevalence Survey of Health Care–Associated Infections," New England Journal of Medicine 370 (2014): 1198–1208.

14. W. Hudson, "1 in 25 Patients Gets Infection in Hospital," CNN, March 26, 2014, http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/26/health/hospital-infections/.

15. C. Russell, "The Alarming Rate of Errors in the ICU," The Atlantic, August 28, 2012, http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2012/08/the-alarming-rate-of-errors-in-the-icu/261650/.

16. T. Weber, C. Ornstein, and M. Allen, "Why Can't Medicine Seem to Fix Simple Mistakes?," ProPublica, July 20, 2012, http://www.propublica.org/article/why-cant-medicine-seem-to-fix-simple-mistakes.

17. "Survive Your Hospital Stay," Consumer Reports, May 2014, http://www.consumerreports.org/content/cro/en/consumer-reports-magazine/z2014/May/surviveYourStayAtTheHospital.print.html.

18. "Hospitals Are Still Awful: Movement Toward Patient Centered Care and Eric Topol's Idea," ACP Hospitalist, February 26, 2013, http://blog.acphospitalist.org/2013/02/hospitas-are-still-awful-movement.html.

19. E. Rosenthal, "Is This a Hospital or a Hotel?," New York Times, September 22, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/22/sunday-review/is-this-a-hospital-or-a-hotel.html.

20. Intel, "Intel Research: Global Innovation Barometer," Il Sole 24, November 2010, http://www.ilsole24ore.com/pdf2010/Editrice/ILSOLE24ORE/
ILSOLE24ORE/Online/_Oggetti_Correlati/Documenti/
Tecnologie/2013/11/Intel-Innovation-Barometer-Overview-FINAL.pdf.

21. B. Sadick, "The Hospital Room of the Future," Wall Street Journal, November 17, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001
424052702303442004579119922380316310.

22. "Patient Room 2020 Prototype," NXT News, accessed August 13, 2013, http://nxthealth.org/portfolio/patient-room-2020-prototype/.

23. J. Flaherty, "What Would the Ideal Hospital Look Like in 2020?," Wired, July 19, 2013, http://www.wired.com/design/2013/07/hospital-of-the-future/.

24. B. Nycum, "Why Don't New Hospital Designs Include the Patient?," Huffngton Post, December 20, 2013, http://www.huffngtonpost.ca/benjie-nycum/hospital-design_b_4482067.html.

25. I. Bau, "Health 2.0 v.2013: Integration and Patient Outcomes Are Still Driving Health Technology—but So Should Empathy, Caring, and Communication," Health Policy Consultation Services—Resources for Patient-Centered & Equitable Care, October 4, 2013, ht tp://ignatiu sbau .com/?s=integration+patient+outcomes+health.

26. J.-Y. Park et al., "Lessons Learned from the Development of Health Applications in a Tertiary Hospital," Telemedicine and e-Health 20, no. 3 (2014): 215–222.

27. N. Fisher, "Global Study Finds Majority Believe Traditional Hospitals Will Be Obsolete in the Near Future," Forbes, December 9, 2013, http://www.forbes.com/sites/theapothecary/2013/12/09/global-study-finds-majority-believe-traditional-hospitals-will-be-obsolete-in-the-near-future/.

28. P. S. McLeod, "New Outpatient Treatment Paradigm Spurs Construction of 'Bedless Hospitals'; Trend May Reshape Clinical Pathology Laboratory Testing," Dark Daily, April 1, 2013, http://www.darkdaily.com/new-outpatient-treatment-paradigm-spurs-construction-of-bedless-hospitals-trend-may-reshape-clinical-pathology-laboratory-testing-40113#axzz3Arr352HN.

29. F. Palumbo et al., "Sensor Network Infrastructure for a Home Care Monitoring System," Sensors 14 (2014): 3833–3860.

30. G. Orwell, "How the Poor Die," 1946, accessed August 13, 2013, http://orwell.ru/library/articles/Poor_Die/english/e_pdie.

31. "Hospital Operators and Obamacare: Prescription for Change," The Economist, June 29, 2013, http://www.economist.com/node/21580181/print.

32. D. Chase, "What's the Role of a Hospital in 10 Years?," Forbes, July 24, 2013, http://www.forbes.com/sites/davechase/2013/07/24/whats-the-role-of-a-hospital-in-10-years/print/.

33. T. C. Tsai and A. K. Jha, "Hospital Consolidation, Competition, and Quality: Is Bigger Necessarily Better?," Journal of the American Medical Association 312, no. 1 (2014): 29–30.

Глава 11

1. N. Limaye and C. I. Barash, "The Modern Social Contract Between the Patient, the Healthcare Provider, and Digital Medicine," Journal of Socialomics 3, no. 1 (2014): 1000105.

2. G. Satell, "In 2014, Every Business Will Be Disrupted by Open Technology," Forbes, December 14, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/gregsatell/2013/12/14/in-2014-every-business-will-be-disrupted-by-open-technology/print/.

3. M. Harden, "Big Data for Healthcare: End of the Zombie Film Genre," Wired, March 20, 2014, http://www.wired.com/insights/2014/03/big-data-healthcare-end-zombie-film-genre/.

4a. J. Akst, "Networking Medicine," The Scientist, March 2, 2014, http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/34585/title/Networking-Medicine/.

4b. J. Stein, "Arrogance is Good: In Defense of Silicon Valley," Bloomberg Business Week, August 7, 2014, http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-08-07/silicon-valley-tech-entrepreneurs-behind-the-stereotype.

5. "3scale Infrastructure for the Programmable Web," 3scale, June 2011, http://www.3scale.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/What-is-an-API-1.0.pdf.

6. D. G. McNeil, "A New Test for Malaria, No Blood Required," New York Times, January 7, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/07/science/a-new-test-for-malaria-no-blood-required.html.

7. M. M. Waldrop, "Campus 2.0," Nature 495 (2013): 160 –163.

8. N. Heller, "Has the Future of College Moved Online?," New Yorker, May 20, 2013, http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2013/05/20/130520fa_fact_heller?printable=true&currentPage=all.

9. "When Waiting Is Not an Option," The Economist, May 13, 2012, http://www.economist.com/node/21554157/print.

10. J. Weiner, "What Big Data Can't Tell Us, but Kolstad's Paper Suggests," Penn LDI, April 24, 2014, ht tp:// ld i .upenn .edu/voices/2014/04/24/what-big-data-can-t-tell -us-but-kolstad-s-paper-suggests.

11. "How Speech-Recognition Software Got So Good," The Economist, April 22, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21601175/print.

12. T. Lewin, "Master's Degree Is New Frontier of Study Online," New York Times, August 18, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/18/education/masters-degree-is-new-frontier-of-study-online.html.

13. M. M. Waldrop, "Massive Open Online Courses, aka MOOCs, Transform Higher Education and Science," Scientific American, March 13, 2013, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/massive-open-online-courses-transform-higher-education-and-science/.

14. A. Schwartz, "Larry Page Wants to Open Up Anonymous Medical Records for All Researchers to Use," Fast Company, March 19, 2014, http://www.fastcoexist.com/3027942/larry-page-wants-to-open-up-anonymous-medical-records-for-all-researchers-to-use.

15. G. Ferenstein, "Larry Page's Wish to Make All Health Data Public Has Big Benefits—and Big Risks," TechCrunch, March 19, 2014, http://techcrunch.com/2014/03/19/larry-pages-wish-to-make-all-health-data-public-has-big-benefits-and-big-risks/.

16. "Larry Page: 'Making Our Medical Records Open for Sharing Will Save 100,000 Lives a Year,'" mHealth Insight: The blog of a 3G Doctor, March 20, 2014, http://mhealthinsight.com/2014/03/20/larry-page-making-our-medical-records-open-for-sharing-will-save-100000-lives-a-year/.

17. E. Callaway, "UK Push to Open Up Patients' Data," Nature 502 (2013): 283.

18. "Intel Research: Global Innovation Barometer," Il Sole 24, November 2010, http://www.ilsole24ore.com/pdf2010/Editrice/
ILSOLE24ORE/ILSOLE24ORE/Online/_Oggetti_Correlati/
Documenti/Tecnologie/2013/11/Intel-Innovation-Barometer-Overview-FINAL.pdf.

19. S. Baum, "Survey: 90% of People Will Share Health Data, 26% Don't Care About Privacy," MedCity News, April 25, 2014, http://medcitynews.com/2014/04/comes-sharing-personal-healthcare-data-survey-shows-comfort-level-rising/.

20. "Personal Data for the Public Good: New Opportunities to Enrich Understanding of Individual and Population Health," Health Data Exploration Project, March 2014, http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/
reports/reports/2014/rwjf411080.

21. J. Bresnick, "Most Patients Are Willing to Share Health Data, Engage Online," EHR Intelligence, April 29, 2014, http://ehrintelligence.com/2014/04/29/most-patients-are-willing-to-share-health-data-engage-online/.

22. J. Comstock, "PatientsLikeMe Signs Five-Year Data Access Deal with Genentech," MobiHealth-News, April 2014, http://mobihealthnews.com/31960/patientslikeme-signs-five-year-data-access-deal-with-genentech/.

23. M. P. Ball et al., "Harvard Personal Genome Project: Lessons from Participatory Public Research," Genome Medicine 6 (2014): 10.

24. A. Sun, "From Volunteers, a DNA Database," New York Times, April 29, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/29/science/from-volunteers-a-dna-database.html.

25. M. J. Ackerman, "Confidential Patient Consult Forms for Kim Goodsell," 2012, unpublished: Mayo Clinic Cardiology.

26. R. Abelson and S. Cohen, "Sliver of Medicare Doctors Get Big Share of Payouts," New York Times, April 9, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/09/business/sliver-of-medicare-doctors-get-big-share-of-payouts.html.

27. H. Vogt, "Using Free Wi-Fi to Connect Africa's Unconnected," Wall Street Journal, April 13, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB1000
1424052702303287804579447323711745040.

28. M. Kaganovich, "The Cloud Will Cure Cancer," TechCrunch, March 29, 2012, http://techcrunch.com/2012/03/29/cloud-will-cure-cancer/.

29. R. Winslow, "Patients Share DNA for Cures," Wall Street Journal, September 16, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127
887323342404579079453190552312.html.

30. J. Kotz, "Bringing Patient Data into the Open," Science-Business eXchange, June 21, 2012, http://www.nature.com/scibx/journal/v5/n25/full/scibx.2012.644.html.

31. R. Winslow, "'Big Data' for Cancer Care," Wall Street Journal, March 26, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100
01424127887323466204578384732911187000.

32a. J. C. Lechleiter, "How to Win the Super Bowl Against Cancer," Wall Street Journal, February 3, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100
01424052702303519404579351053655838512.

32b. M. Helft, "Can Big Data Cure Cancer?," Fortune, July 24, 2014, http://fortune.com/2014/07/24/can-big-data-cure-cancer/.

33. T. Hay, "Ad-Tech Entrepreneurs Build Cancer Database," Wall Street Journal, June 18, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/articles/ad-tech-entrepreneurs-build-cancer-database-1403134613.

34. P. C. Boutros et al., "Global Optimization of Somatic Variant Identification in Cancer Genomes with a Global Community Challenge," Nature Genetics 46, no. 4 (2014): 318–319.

35. D. Marbach et al., "Wisdom of Crowds for Robust Gene Network Inference," Nature Methods 9 (2012): 796 –804.

36. A. Hartocollis, "Cancer Centers Racing to Map Patients' Genes," New York Times, April 22, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/22/health/patients-genes-seen-as-future-of-cancer-care.html.

37a. H. Fineman, "Meet Patrick Soon-Shiong, The LA Billionaire Reinventing Your Health Care," Huffngton Post, December 1, 2013, http://www.huffngtonpost.com/2013/12/01/patrick-soon-shiong_n_4351344.html?view=print&comm_ref=false.

37b. M. Herper, "World's Richest Doctor Buys World's Most Powerful DNA Sequencer," Forbes, July 31, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2014/07/31/worlds-richest-doctor-buys-worlds-most-powerful-dna-sequencer/.

38. R. M. Plenge et al., "Crowdsourcing Genetic Prediction of Clinical Utility in the R heumatoid Arthritis Responder Challenge," Nature Genetics 45, no. 5 (2013): 468– 469.

39. A. Moody, "The Big Picture," Nature 502 (2013): S95.

40. T. Ray, "In Tackling the V US Challenge, Are Public Databases the Solution or a Liability for Labs?," Genome Web, February 12, 2014, http://www.genomeweb.com/print/1348716.

41. K. Lambertson and S. F. Terry, "Free the Data," Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers 18, no.1 (2014): 1–2.

42. "Share Alike," Nature 490 (2012): 143–144.

43. H. Rehm et al., "How Genetic Data Sharing Will Revolutionize Healthcare," Footnote1, January 31, 2014, http://footnote1.com/how-genetic-data-sharing-will-revolutionize-healthcare/.

44. M. Andrews, "Decline on Autopsies May Obscure Understanding of Disease," Los Angeles Times, May 17, 2011, http://articles.latimes.com/print/2011/may/17/health/la-he-healthcare-autopsies-20110517.

45. C. VanDerWerf, "Explainer: Can You Just Die Suddenly?," The Conversation, April 9, 2014, https://theconversation.com/explainer-can-you-just-die-suddenly-25423.

46. J. Erdmann, "Telltale Hearts," Nature Medicine 19 (2013): 1361–1364.

47. A. D. Marcus, "'Hackathons' Aim to Solve Health Care's Ills," Wall Street Journal, April 4, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100
01424052702304179704579461284247758424.

48. B. Palmer, "Are Hackathons the Future of Medical Innovation?," Slate, April 10, 2014, http://www.slate.com/articles/business/crosspollination/
2014/04/medical_hackathons_is_this_the_future
_of_health_care_innovation.html.

49. Z. Moukheiber, "Grand Rounds Wants to Find the Right Doctor for You," Forbes, April 8, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/zinamoukheiber/2014/04/08/grand-rounds-wants-to-find-the-right-doctor-for-you/.

50. N. LaPorte, "Medical Care Aided by the Crowd," New York Times, April 14, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/14/business/watsi-a-crowdfunding-site-offers-help-with-medical-care.html.

51. S. Lupkin, "Boy Author Raises $750K for Sick Friend," ABC News, February 27, 2014, http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/health/2014/02/27/boy-author-raises-750k-for-sick-friend/.

52. J. Robinson, "Healbe Hustle: The Full Story of How a Failed Russian Cake Shop Owner Humiliated Indiegogo and Took 'the Crowd' for Over $1M," Pando, April 12, 2014, http://pando.com/2014/04/12/healbe-hustle-the-full-story-of-how-a-failed-russian-cake-shop-owner-humiliated-indiegogo-and-took-the-crowd-for-over-1m/.

53. J. Cafariello, "They Told Us This Would Happen," Wealth Daily, April 8, 2014, http://www.wealthdaily.com/articles/they-told-us-this-would-happen/5112.

54. O. Khazan, "Have You Contributed to a Health Scam?," The Atlantic, June 16, 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/06/can-you-spot-the-fake-health-gadget/372788/.

55. D. F. Craviotto, "A Doctor's Declaration of Independence," Wall Street Journal, April 28, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100
01424052702304279904579518273176775310.

56. C. Weaver, M. Beck, and R. Winslow, "Doctor-Pay Trove Shows Limits of Medicare Billing Data," Wall Street Journal, April 9, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100
01424052702303873604579492012568434456.

57. N. Brennan, P. H. Conway, and M. Tavenner, "The Medicare Physician-Data Release—Context and Rationale," New England Journal of Medicine 371 (2014): 99–101, http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1405026.

58. P. T. O'Gara, "Caution Advised: Medicare's Physician-Payment Data Release," New England Journal of Medicine 371 (2014): 101–103, http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1405322.

59. L. Radnofsky, "Medicare to Publish Trove of Data on Doctors," Wall Street Journal, April 2, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB1000
1424052702303847804579477923585256790.

60. C. Weaver, T. McGinty, and L. Radnofsky, "Small Slice of Doctors Account for Big Chunk of Medicare Costs," Wall Street Journal, April 9, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424
052702303456104579490043350808268.

61. L. Rosenbaum, "What Big Data Can't Tell Us About Health Care," New Yorker, April 23, 2014, http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/currency/2014/04/the-medicare-data-dump-and-the-cost-of-care.html?printable=true&currentPage=all.

62. D. Tahir, "Nobody Blames Doctors for High Medical Costs. That's About to Change," New Republic, April 10, 2014, http://www.newrepublic.com/article/117327/what-medicare-pays-doctors-hhs-releases-data-reimbursements.

63. S. Herron, "Ten Things to Know About Drug Adverse Events," openFDA, accessed August 13, 2014, https://open.fda.gov/update/ten-things-to-know-about-adverse-events/.

64. F. S. Collins et al., "PCORnet: Turning a Dream into Reality," Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, May 12, 2014, http://jamia.bmj.com/content/early/2014/05/12/amiajnl-2014-002864.full.

65. J. Bellamy, "Telemedicine: Click and the Doctor Will See You Now," Science Based Medicine, May 1, 2014, http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/telemedicine-click-and-the-doctor-will-see-you-now/.

66. E. C. Hayden, "Geneticists Push for Global Data-Sharing," Nature 498 (2013): 16–17.

67. E. Callaway, "Global Genomic Data-Sharing Effort Kicks Off," Nature News & Comment, March 6, 2014, http://www.nature.com/news/global-genomic-data-sharing-effort-kicks-off-1.14826.

68. B. M. Kuehn, "Alliance Aims for Standardized, Shareable Genomic Data," Journal of the American Medical Association 310, no. 3 (2013): 248–249.

69. G. Kolata, "Accord Aims to Create Trove of Genetic Data," New York Times, June 6, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/06/health/global-partners-agree-on-sharing-trove-of-genetic-data.html.

70. P. Waldron, "UC Santa Cruz Researcher Leads Cancer's Digital Revolution," San Jose Mercury News, January 2, 2014, http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci _24836309/uc-santa-cruz-researcher-leads-cancers-digital-revolution.

71. "Global Genomics Harmony," Genome Web, March 7, 2014, http://www.genomeweb.com/print/1359101.

72. V. Swarup and D. H. Geschwind, "Alzheimer's Disease: From Big Data to Mechanism," Nature 500 (2013): 34–35.

73. H. R hinn et al., "Integrative Genomics Identifies APOE ε4 Effectors in Alzheimer's Disease," Nature 500, no. 7460 (2013): 45–50.

74. V. Marx, "Genomics in the Clouds," Nature Methods 10, no. 10 (2013): 941–945.

75. "Brought to Book: Academic Journals Face a Radical Shake-Up," The Economist, July 21, 2012, http://www.economist.com/node/21559317/print.

76. F. Berman and V. Cerf, "Who Will Pay for Public Access to Research Data?," Science 341 (2013): 616 – 617.

77. J. Esposito, "Open Access and Professional Societies," Scholarly Kitchen, August 1, 2013, http://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2013/08/01/open-access-and-professional-societies/.

78. M. W. Carroll, "Creative Commons and the Openness of Open Access," New England Journal of Medicine 368, no. 9 (2013): 789–791.

79. M. Frank, "Open but Not Free—Publishing in the 21st Century," New England Journal of Medicine 368, no. 9 (2013): 787–789.

80. C. Haug, "The Downside of Open-Access Publishing," New England Journal of Medicine 368, no. 9 (2013): 791–793.

81. J. Priem, "Beyond the Paper," Nature 495 (2013): 437– 440.

82. J. Wilbanks, "A Fool's Errand," Nature 485 (2013): 440 – 441.

83. "We Paid for the Research, So Let's See It," New York Times, February 26, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/26/opinion/we-paid-for-the-scientific-research-so-lets-see-it.html.

84. I. Sample, "Nobel Winner Declares Boycott of Top Science Journals," The Guardian, December 9, 2013, http://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/dec/09/nobel-winner-boycott-science-journals/print.

85. R. Schekman, "How Journals like Nature, Cell and Science Are Damaging Science," The Guardian, December 9, 2013, http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/09/how-journals-nature-science-cell-damage-science/print.

86. M. Eisen, "The Impact of Randy Schekman Abandoning Science and Nature and Cell," Michael Eisen.org, December 10, 2013, http://www.michaeleisen.org/blog/?p=1495.

87. J. Conn, "IT Experts Push Translator Systems to Convert Doc-Speak into ICD-10 Codes," Modern Healthcare, May 3, 2014, http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/
20140503/MAGAZINE/305039969/1246/.

88. S. Curry, "Push Button for Open Access," The Guardian, November 18, 2013, http://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/nov/18/open-access-button-push/print.

89. A. Swan, "How to Hasten Open Access," Nature 495 (2013): 442.

90. J. Novet, "Academia.edu Slammed with Takedown Notices from Journal Publisher Elsevier," Venture Beat, December 6, 2013, http://venturebeat.com/2013/12/06/academia-edu-slammed-with-takedown-notices-from-journal-publisher-elsevier/.

91. A. J. Wolpert, "For the Sake of Inquiry and Knowledge—The Inevitability of Open Access," New England Journal of Medicine 368, no. 9 (2013): 785–787.

92. D. Shotton, "Open Citations," Nature 502 (2013): 295–297.

93. "The Patent Bargain: An Open-Source Patent Database Highlights the Need for More Transparency Worldwide," Nature 504 (2013): 187–188.

94. E. Musk, "All Our Patent Are Belong to You," Tesla Motors Blog, June 12, 2014, http://www.teslamotors.com/blog/all-our-patent-are-belong-you.

95. W. Oremus, "Tesla Is Opening Its Patents to All. That's Not as Crazy as It Sounds," Slate, June 12, 2014, http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2014/06/12/
tesla_opens_patents_to_public_what_is_elon_musk_thinking.html.

96. C. L. Treasure, J. Avorn, and A. S. Kesselheim, "What Is the Public's Right to Access Medical Discoveries Based on Federally Funded Research?," Journal of the American Medical Association 311, no.9 (2014): 907–908.

97. D. G. McNeil, "Car Mechanic Dreams Up a Tool to Ease Births," New York Times, November 14, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/14/health/new-tool-to-ease-difficult-births-a-plastic-bag.html.

98. A. Tucker, "Jack Andraka, the Teen Prodigy of Pancreatic Cancer," Smithsonian Magazine, December 2012, http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/jack-andraka-the-teen-prodig y-of-pancreatic-cancer-135925809/?no-ist.

99. G. Cuda-Kroen, "Patients Find Each Other Online to Jump-Start Medical Research," NPR, May 28, 2012, http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/05/28/153706146/patients-find-each-other-online-to-jump-start-medical-research?ps=sh_stcatimg.

100. G. Marcus, "Open-Sourcing a Treatment for Cancer," New Yorker, February 27, 2014, http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/elements/2014/02/open-sourcing-cancer.html?printable=true&currentPage=all.

101. J. N. Honeyman et al., "Detection of a Recurrent DNAJB1-PRK ACA Chimeric Transcript in Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma," Science 343, no. 6174 (2014): 1010–1014.

102. A. D. Marcus, "Frustrated ALS Patients Concoct Their Own Drug," Wall Street Journal, April 15, 2012, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB1000
1424052702304818404577345953943484054?mg=reno64-wsj.

103. D. L. Scher, "Crowdsourced Clinical Studies: A New Paradigm in Health Care?," Digital Health Corner, March 30, 2012, http://davidleescher.com/2012/03/30/crowdsourced-clinical-studies-a-new-paradigm-in-health-care/.

104. A. Hamilton, "Could ePatient Networks Become the Superdoctors of the Future?," Fast Coexist, September 28, 2012, http://www.fastcoexist .com/1680617/could-epatient-net work s-become -the-superdoctors-of-the-future.

105. L. Scanlon, "Genentech and PatientsLikeMe Enter Patient-Centric Research Collaboration," PatientsLikeMe, April 7, 2014, http://news.patientslikeme.com/print/node/470.

106. N. Zeliadt, "Straight Talk with . . . Jamie Heywood," Nature Medicine 20, no. 5 (2014): 457.

107. A. Opar, "New Tools Automatically Match Patients with Clinical Trials," Nature Medicine 19, no. 7 (2013): 793.

108. T. Stynes, "Cholesterol Drug Trial Uses New Approach to Recruit Patients," Wall Street Journal, December 19, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100
01424052702304866904579268270123589210.

109. A. J. Parchman et al., "Trial Prospector: An Automated Clinical Trials Eligibility Matching Program," Journal of Clinical Oncology 31 (2013): abstr 6538.

110. J. Walker, "Data Mining to Recruit Sick People," Wall Street Journal, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100
01424052702303722104579240140554518458-printMode.

111. B. Goldacre, "RandomiseMe: Our Fun New Website That Lets Anyone Design and Run a Randomised Controlled Trial," Bad Science, December 16, 2013, http://www.badscience.net/2013/12/randomiseme-our-fun-new-website-that-lets-anyone-design-and-run-a-randomised-controlled-trial/.

112. H. M. Krumholz et al., "A Historic Moment for Open Science: The Yale University Open Data Access Project and Medtronic," Annals of Internal Medicine 158 (2013): 910–911.

113. M. Herper, "No More Secrets: Medtronic Shows How Open Science Might Work in the Real World," Forbes, June 19, 2013, http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2013/06/19/no-more-secrets-medtronic-shows-how-open-science-might-work-in-the-real-world/.

114. J. S. Ross and H. M. Krumholz, "Ushering in a New Era of Open Science Through Data Sharing," Journal of the American Medical Association 309, no. 13 (2013): 1355–1356.

115. H. M. Krumholz, "Give the Data to the People," New York Times, February 3, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/03/opinion/give-the-data-to-the-people.html.

116. R. E. Kuntz, "The Changing Structure of Industry-Sponsored Clinical Research: Pioneering Data Sharing and Transparency," Annals of Internal Medicine 158, no. 12 (2013): 914–915.

117. R. Winslow and J. D. Rockoff, "J&J to Share Drug Research Data in Pact with Yale," Wall Street Journal, January 30, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB1000
1424052702303743604579351261144315256.

118. "Discussion Framework for Clinical Trial Data Sharing Guiding Principles, Elements, and Ac- tivities," Institute of Medicine, Januar y 22, 2014, http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2014/Discussion-Framework-for-Clinical-Trial-Data-Sharing.aspx.

119. L. Marsa, "Health Care's Big Data Mandate," The Atlantic, December 16, 2013, http://www.theatlantic.com/sponsored/cvs-innovation-care/2013/12/health-cares-big-data-mandate/78/?sr_source=linkedin.

120. M. Langley and J. D. Rockoff, "Drug Companies Join NIH in Study of Alzheimer's, Diabetes, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lupus," Wall Street Journal, February 3, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100
01424052702303519404579353442155924498-printMode.

121. J. Comstock, "UCLA Pilots Mobile Vision Testing App for Patients with Diabetes," MobiHealth-News, April 23, 2014, http://mobihealthnews.com/32369/ucla-pilots-mobile-vision-testing-app-for-patients-with-diabetes/.

122. V. Marx, "My Data Are Your Data," Nature Biotechnology 30, no. 6 (2012): 509–511.

123. P. Cameron et al., "Crowdfunding Genomics and Bioinformatics," Genome Biolog y 14 (2013):134.

124. K. Murphy, "Crowdfunding Tips for Turning Inspiration into Reality," New York Times, January 23, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/23/technology/
personaltech/crowdfunding-tips-for-turning-inspiration-into-reality.html.

125. B. L. Ranard et al., "Crowdsourcing—Harnessing the Masses to Advance Health and Medicine, a Systematic Review," Journal of General Internal Medicine 29, no. 1 (2013): 187–203.

126. S. Novella, "CureCrowd—Crowdsourcing Science," Science Based Medicine, May 7, 2014, http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/curecrowd-crowdsourcing-science/.

127. "Open-Source Medical Devices: When Code Can Kill or Cure," The Economist, May 31, 2012, http://www.economist.com/node/21556098.

Глава 12

1. L. Fox, "Snowden and His Accomplices," Wall Street Journal, April 14, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100
01424052702303603904579495391321958008.

2. N. Bilton, "Entering the Era of Private and Semi-Anonymous Apps," New York Times, February 7, 2014, http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/02/07/entering-the-era-of-private-and-semi-anonymous-apps/?ref=technology.

3. S. Halpern, "Partial Disclosure," New York Review of Books, July 10, 2014, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2014/jul/10/glenn-greenwald-partial-disclosure/?pagination=false&printpage=true.

4. D. Frum, "We Need More Secrecy," The Atlantic, May 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/print/2014/05/we-need-more-secrecy/359820/.

5. "A Robust Health Data Infrastructure," Agency for Health Care Research and Quality, April 2014, http://healthit.gov/sites/default/files/ptp13-700hhs_white.pdf.

6. H. Kahn, "Who Really Owns Your Personal Data?," Details, May 1, 2013, http://www.details.com/culture-trends/critical-eye/201305/sharing-biodata-on-apps-and-devices?printable=true.

7. L. Mearian, "How Big Data Will Save Your Life," Computer World, April 25, 2013, http://www.computer world.com/s/article/print/9238593/How_big _data _will _ save _your_life?ta xonomyName=Big+Data&taxonomyId=221.

8. E. B. Larson, "Building Trust in the Power of 'Big Data' Research to Serve the Public Good," Journal of the American Medical Association 309, no. 23 (2013): 2443–2444.

9. J. Ball and S. Ackerman, "NSA Loophole Allows Warrantless Search for US Citizens' Emails and Phone Calls," The Guardian, August 9, 2013, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/09/nsa-loophole-warrantless-searches-email-calls/print.

10. J. Glanz, J. Larson, and A. W. Lehren, "Spy Agencies Tap Data Streaming from Phone Apps," New York Times, January 28, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/28/world/spy-agencies-scour-phone-apps-for-personal-data.html.

11. J. Angwin, Dragnet Nation: A Quest for Privacy, Security, and Freedom In a World of Relentless Surveillance (New York, NY: Henry Holt and Co., 2014).

12. J. Angwin, "Has Privacy Become a Luxury Good?," New York Times, March 4, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/04/opinion/has-privacy-become-a-luxury-good.html.

13. M. Wood, "Sweeping Away a Search History," New York Times, April 3, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/03/technology/personaltech/sweeping-away-a-search-history.html.

14. T. Gara, "What Google Knows About You," Wall Street Journal, April 27, 2014, http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/04/27/googles-all-seeing-eye-does-it-see-into-me-clearly-or-darkly/tab/print/.

15. M. Sopfner, "Why We Fear Google," Frankfurter Allgemeine Feuilleton, April 17, 2014, http://www.faz.net/-gsf-7oid8.

16. D. Talbot, "Ultraprivate Smartphones: New Models Built with Security and Privacy in Mind Reflect the Zeitgeist of the Snowden Era," MIT Technolog y Review, April 23, 2014, http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/526496/ultraprivate-smartphones/.

17. G. Schmidt, "Cellphone Cases to Prepare You for Anything, Even a Flat Tire," New York Times, April 24, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/24/technolog y/personaltech/cellphone-cases-to-prepare-you-for-anything-even-a-flat-tire.html.

18. K. Wagstaff, "Anonymous, Inc.: The Corporate Set Embraces Digital Ephemerality," Wall Street Journal, May 29, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/articles/anonymous-inc-the-corporate-set-embraces-digital-ephemerality-1401378250.

19. E. Mills, "Obama Unveils Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights," CNET, February 22, 2012, http://www.cnet.com/news/obama-unveils-consumer-privacy-bill-of-rights/.

20. S. Lohr, "White House Tech Advisers: Online Privacy Is a 'Market Failure,'" New York Times, May 5, 2014, http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/05/05/white-house-tech-advisers-online-privacy-is-a-market-failure/.

21. S. Lyon, "Obama's Orwellian Image Control," New York Times, December 12, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/12/opinion/obamas-orwellian-image-control.html.

22. T. Simonite, "Five Things Obama's Big Data Experts Warned Him About," MIT Technology Review, May 1, 2014, http://www.technolog yreview.com/view/527071/five-things-obamas-big-data-experts-warned-him-about/.

23. "Report to the President: Big Data and Privacy: A Technological Perspective," President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technolog y, May 2014, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/PCAST/pcast_big_data_and_privacy_-_may_2014.pdf.

24. "Big Data: Seizing Opportunities, Preserving Values," Executive Office of the President, May 1, 2014, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/big _data _privacy_report _may_1_2014.pdf.

25. A. C. Madrigal, "I'm Being Followed: How Google—and 104 Other Companies—Are Tracking Me on the Web," The Atlantic, February 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/print/2012/02/ im-being-foll%C951-and-104-other-companies-151-are-tracking-me-on-the-web/253758/.

26. S. Wolfram, "Data Science of the Facebook World," Stephen Wolfram Blog, April 24, 2014, http://blog.stephenwolfram.com/2013/04/data-science-of-the-facebook-world/.

27. D. Mann, "1984 in 2014," EP Studios Software, April 21, 2014, http://www.epstudiossoftware.com/?p=1411.

28. H. Kelly, "After Boston: The Pros and Cons of Surveillance Cameras," CNN, April 26, 2013, http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/26/tech/innovation/security-cameras-boston-bombings/.

29. S. Clifford and Q. Hardy, "Attention, Shoppers: Store Is Tracking Your Cell," New York Times, July 15, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/15/business/attention-shopper-stores-are-tracking-your-cell.html.

30. C. Duhigg, "How Companies Learn Your Secrets," New York Times, February 19, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/19/magazine/shopping-habits.html.

31. K. Hill, "How Target Figured Out a Teen Girl Was Pregnant Before Her Father Did," Forbes, February 16, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2012/02/16/how-target-figured-out-a-teen-girl-was-pregnant-before-her-father-did/print/.

32. C. C. Miller and S. Sengupta, "Selling Secrets of Phone Users to Advertisers," New York Times, October 6, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/06/technology/selling-secrets-of-phone-users-to-advertisers.html.

33a. D. Talbot, "Now Your Phone's Tilt Sensor Can Identify You," MIT Technology Review, May 1, 2014, http://www.technologyreview.com/news/527031/now-your-phones-tilt-sensor-can-identify-you/.

33b. Q. Hardy, "How Urban Anonymity Disappears When All Data Is Tracked," New York Times Bits, April 19, 2014, http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/04/19/how-urban-anonymity-disappears-when-all-data-is-tracked/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0.

34. B. Morais, "Through a Face Scanner Darkly," New Yorker, January 31, 2014, http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/elements/2014/02/through-a-face-scanner-darkly.html?printable=true&currentPage=all.

35. N. Singer, "When No One Is Just a Face in the Crowd," New York Times, February 2, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/02/technology/when-no-one-is-just-a-face-in-the-crowd.html.

36. "The Face Recognition Algorithm That Finally Outperforms Humans," Medium, April 22, 2014, https://medium.com/the-physics-arxiv-blog/2c567adbf 7fc.

37. D. Cardwell, "At Newark Airport, the Lights Are On, and They're Watching You," New York Times, February 18, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/18/business/at-newark-airport-the-lights-are-on-and-theyre-watching-you.html.

38. "Clever Cities: The Multiplexed Metropolis," The Economist, September 15, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21585002/print.

39. "Biometric Technology Identifies One of the Boston Marathon Bombers," Homeland Security News Wire, May 28, 2013, http://www.homelandsecurit ynewswire .com/dr20130527-biometric-technology-identifies-one-of-the-boston-marathon-bombers.

40. D. Eggers, The Circle (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney's Books, 2013).

41. M. Atwood, "When Privacy Is Theft," New York Review of Books, November 21, 2013, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2013/nov/21/eggers-circle-when-privacy-is-theft/?pagination=false&printpage=true.

42. J. Nocera, "A World Without Privacy," New York Times, October 15, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/15/opinion/nocera-a-world-without-privacy.html.

43. A. Townsend, Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia (New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Co., 2013).

44. S. Kroft, "The Data Brokers: Selling Your Personal Information," CBS News, March 9, 2014, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-data-brokers-selling-your-personal-information/.

45. A. E. Marwick, "How Your Data Are Being Deeply Mined," New York Review of Books, January 9, 2014, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2014/jan/09/how-your-data-are-being-deeply-mined/?pagination=false&printpage=true.

46. N. Singer, "A Student-Data Collector Drops Out," New York Times, April 27, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/27/technology/a-student-data-collector-drops-out.html.

47. J. Lanier, "How Should We Think About Privacy?," Scientific American 309, no. 5 (2013):64–71.

48. D. M. Jackson, "When Meta Met Data," New York Times, October 4, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/06/magazine/when-meta-met-data.html?pagewanted=all.

49. R. J. Rosen, "Stanford Researchers: It Is Trivially Easy to Match Metadata to Real People," The Atlantic, December 2013, http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/print/2013/12/stanford-researchers-it-is-trivially-easy-to-match-metadata-to-real-people/282642/.

50. T. Lahey, "A Watchful Eye in Hospitals," New York Times, February 17, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/17/opinion/a-watchful-eye-in-hospitals.html.

51. S. D. Hall, "Medical Identity Theft Up 20% Since 2012," Fierce Health IT, September 12, 2013, http://www.fiercehealthit.com/story/how-to-prevent-medical-identity-theft/2013-09-12.

52. M. Ollove, "The Rise of Medical Identity Theft in Healthcare," Kaiser Health News, February 7, 2014, http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/Stories/2014/February/07/Rise-of-indentity-theft.aspx.

53. M. Madden, "More Online Americans Say They've Experienced a Personal Data Breach," Pew Research, April 14, 2014, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/04/14/more-online-americans-say-theyve-experienced-a-personal-data-breach/.

54. "Better Information Means Better Care," NHS, January 14, 2014, http://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/cd-leaflet-01-14.pdf.

55. "Careless.data," Nature 507 (2014): 7.

56. B. Goldacre, "Care.data Is in Chaos. It Breaks My Heart," The Guardian, February 28, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/feb/28/care-data-is-in-chaos/print.

57. E. Callaway, "UK Push to Open Up Patients' Data," Nature 502 (2013): 283.

58. L. Donnelly, "Patient Records Should Not Have Been Sold, NHS Admits," Telegraph, February 24, 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/nhs/10659147/Patient-records-should-not-have-been-sold-NHS-admits.html.

59. R. Ramesh, "NHS Patient Data to Be Made Available for Sale to Drug and Insurance Firms," The Guardian, January 19, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/jan/19/nhs-patient-data-available-companies-buy/print.

60. J. Best, "Big Doubts on Big Data: Why I Won't Be Sharing My Medical Data with Anyone—yet," ZDNet, February 19, 2014, http://www.zdnet.com/uk/big-doubts-on-big-data-why-i-wont-be-sharing-my-medical-data-with-anyone-yet-7000026497/.

61. S. Knapton, "Health Records of Every NHS Patient to Be Shared in Vast Database," Telegraph, January 10, 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/10565160/Health-records-of-every-NHS-patient-to-be-shared-in-vast-database.html.

62. C. Manson, "Could Controversial Data Sharing Be Good for Patient Health?," The Guardian, April 22, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/healthcare-net work/2014/apr/22/controversial-data-sharing-good-patient-health/print.

63. J. Comstock, "Health App Makers Face Privacy and Security Regulation from Many Quarters," MobiHealthNews, January 28, 2014, http://mobihealthnews.com/29336/health-app-makers-face-privacy-and-security-regulation-from-many-quarters/.

64. H. Smith, "mHealth and HIPA A Breaches—Where Are They?," What's Harold In, February 16, 2014, http://whats.harold.in/2014/02/mhealth-and-hipaa-breaches-where-are.html.

65. J. L. Hall, and D. McGraw, "For Telehealth to Succeed, Privacy and Security Risks Must Be Identified and Addressed," Health Affairs 33, no. 2 (2014): 216 –221.

66. "Privacy Rights Clearinghouse Releases Study: Mobile Health and Fitness Apps: What Are the Privacy R isks?," Privacy R ights Clearinghouse, July 15, 2013, http://www.privacyrights.org/mobile-medical-apps-privacy-alert.

67. A. Carrns, "Free Apps for Nearly Every Health Problem, but What About Privacy?," New York Times, September 12, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/12/your-money/free-apps-for-nearly-every-health-problem-but-what-about-privacy.html.

68. A. Campbell, "Dispatch Software for Trucking: How GPS Tracking Systems Affect Performance," Trucking Office, August 21, 2013, http://www.truckingoffice.com/2013/dispatch-software-for-trucking-how-gps-tracking-systems-affect-performance.

69. N. Greenfieldboyce, "Indie Truckers: Keep Big Brother Out of My Cab," NPR, April 20, 2011, http://www.npr.org/2011/04/20/135507979/indie-truckers-keep-big-brother-out-of-my-cab.

70. B. Greene, "How Your Boss Can Keep You on a Leash," CNN, February 2, 2014, http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/02/opinion/greene-corporate-surveillance/index.html?iref=allsearch.

71. H. J. Wilson, "Wearable Gadgets Transform How Companies Do Business," Wall Street Journal, October 20, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB1000
1424052702303796404579099203059125112.

72. T. Simonite, "Using a Smartphone's Eyes and Ears to Log Your Every Move," MIT Technolog y Review, July 4, 2013, http://www.technologyreview.com/news/516566/using-a-smartphones-eyes-and-ears-to-log-your-every-move/.

73. L. Eadicicco, "What Fitbit and Nest Are Doing with Your Data," Slate, April 19, 2014, http://www.slate.com/blogs/business_insider/2014/04/19/fitbit_nest_data_how_the_companies_are_making_money_off_you.html.

74. A. Pai, "Nielsen: 46 Million People Used Fitness Apps in January," in MobiHealthNews, April 17, 2014, http://mobihealthnews.com/32183/nielsen-46-million-people-used-fitness-apps-in-january/.

75. T. Klosowski, "Lots of Health Apps Are Selling Your Data. Here's Why," Lifehacker, May 9, 2014, http://lifehacker.com/lots-of-health-apps-are-selling-your-data-heres-why-1574001899.

76. C. Rubin, "Your Trainer Saw That," New York Times, April 17, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/17/fashion/devices-like-fitbit-and-up24-being-used-by-gyms-to-track-clients-fitness-activity.html.

77. T. Lee, "Hackers Break into Networks of 3 Big Medical Device Makers," SF Gate, February 8, 2014, http://m.sfgate.com/news/article/Hackers-break-into-networks-of-3-big-medical-5217780.php

78. R. Pierson, "FDA Urges Protection of Medical Devices from Cyber Threats," Medscape, 2013, http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/806269_print.

79. A. Sarvestani, "Boston Children's Hospital Faces Cyber Threats—Are the Medical Devices Safe?," Mass Device, April 24, 2014, http://www.massdevice.com/news/boston-childrens-hospital-faces-cyber-threats-are-medical-devices-safe?page=show.

80. D. Talbot, "Encrypted Heartbeats Keep Hackers from Medical Implants," MIT Technology Re- view, September 16, 2013, http://www.technologyreview.com/news/519266/encrypted-heartbeats-keep-hackers-from-medical-implants/.

81. K. Zetter, "It's Insanely Easy to Hack Hospital Equipment," Wired, April 25, 2014, http://www.wired.com/2014/04/hospital-equipment-vulnerable/.

82. L. Hood, "Your Body Is the Next Frontier in Cybercrime," The Conversation, October 1, 2013, https://theconversation.com/your-body-is-the-next-frontier-in-cybercrime-18771.

83. J. A. Finkle, "A Security Firm Has Hired the Diabetic Who Hacked into His Own Insulin Pump to Show How It Could Be Used to Kill People," Business Insider, May 30, 2014, http://www.businessinsider.com/r-rapid7-hires-jay-radcliffe-diabetic-who-hacked-his-insulin-pump-2014-29.

84. N. Perlroth, "Heartbleed Highlights a Contradiction in the Web," New York Times, April 19, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/19/technology/heartbleed-highlights-a-contradiction-in-the-web.html.

85. N. Perlroth and Q. Hardy, "Heartbleed Flaw Could Reach Beyond Websites to Digital Devices, Experts Say," New York Times, April 11, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/11/business/security-flaw-could-reach-beyond-websites-to-digital-devices-experts-say.html.

86. R. Merkel, "How the Heartbleed Bug Reveals a Flaw in Online Security," The Conversation, April 11, 2014, https://theconversation.com/how-the-heartbleed-bug-reveals-a-flaw-in-online-security-25536.

87. "CyberR x Health Industry Cyber Threat Exercise, Spring 2014," HITRUST Alliance Inc., April 21, 2014, http://hitrustalliance.net/content/uploads/
2014/05/CyberRX _Preliminary_Report.pdf.

88a. J. Conn, "Cybersecurity Test Finds Healthcare Communications Weak Links," Modern Health- care, April 21, 2014, http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/
20140421/NEWS/304219940/.

88b. E. D. Perakslis, "Cybersecurity in Health Care," New England Journal of Medicine 371, no. 5 (2014): 395–397.

88c. D. J. Nigrin, "When 'Hacktivists' Target Your Hospital," New England Journal of Medicine 371, no. 5 (2014): 393–395.

88d. N. Perlroth, "Hack of Community Health Systems Affects 4.5 Million Patients," New York Times, August 18, 2014, http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/08/18/hack-of-community-health-systems-affects-4-5-million-patients/?ref=health.

89. C. Wiltz, "Report: Healthcare Cybersecurity Appalling, Legislation Not Enough," MDDI, April 7, 2014, http://www.mddionline.com/article/report-healthcare-cybersecurity-legislation-not-enough.

90. L. Miller, "The Google of Spit," New York Magazine, April 22, 2014, http://nymag.com/news/features/23andme-2014-4/.

91. Y. Erlich and A. Narayanan, "Routes for Breaching and Protecting Genetic Privacy," Nature Reviews Genetics 15 (2014): 409– 421.

92. K. Peikoff, "Fearing Punishment for Bad Genes," New York Times, April 8, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/08/science/fearing-punishment-for-bad-genes.html.

93. B. M. Knoppers, "It's Yet to Be Shown That Discrimination Exists," New York Times, April 14, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2014/04/14/dna-and-insurance-fate-and-risk/its-yet-to-be-shown-that-genetic-discrimination-exists.

94. Y. Joly, I. N. Feze, and J. Simard, "Genetic Discrimination and Life Insurance: A Systematic Review of the Evidence," BMC Medicine 11 (2013): 25.

95. A. S. Macdonald, "Risks Are Too Small for Insurers to Worry," New York Times, April 14, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2014/04/14/dna-and-insurance-fate-and-risk/risks-are-too-small-for-insurers-to-worry.

96. G. Gruber, "Guarantee Privacy to Ensure Proper Treatment," New York Times, April 14, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2014/04/14/dna-and-insurance-fate-and-risk/guarantee-privacy-to-ensure-proper-genetic-treatment.

97. M. Gymrek et al., "Identifying Personal Genomes by Surname Inference," Science 339 (2013):321–324.

98. P. Aldhous, "Genetic Mugshot Recreates Faces from Nothing but DNA," New Scientist, March 20, 2014, http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22129613.600-genetic-mugshot-recreates-faces-from-nothing-but-dna.html.

99. O. Solon, "Algorithm Identifies Rare Genetic Disorders from Family Pics," Wired, June 24, 2014, http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2014-06/24/facial-identification-genetic-disorders.

100. M. Angrist, "Open Window: When Easily Identifiable Genomes and Traits Are in the Public Domain," PLoS One 9, no. 3 (2014): e92060.

101. S. E. Brenner, "Be Prepared for the Big Genome Leak," Nature 498 (2013): 139.

102. D. Hernandez, "Selling Your Most Personal Item: You," Wired, March 27, 2013, http://www.wired.com/business/2013/03/miinome-genetic-marketplace/.

103. J. E. Lunshof, G. M. Church, and B. Prainsack, "Raw Personal Data: Providing Access," Science 343 (2014): 373–374.

104. B. Dolan, "In-Depth: Consumer Health and Data Privacy Issues Beyond HIPA A," MobiHealth- News, May 23, 2014, http://mobihealthnews.com/33393/in-depth-consumer-health-and-data-privacy-issues-beyond-hipaa/.

105. S. Fairclough, "Physiological Data Must Remain Confidential," Nature 505 (2014): 263.

Глава 13

1. E. Brynjolfsson and A. McAfee, The Second Machine Age (New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co., 2013).

2. D. Hardawar, "Predictive Tech Is Getting Smarter and More Pervasive—but More Controversial, Too," Venture Beat, March 15, 2014, http://venturebeat.com/2014/03/15/predictive-tech-is-getting-smarter-and-more-pervasive-but-more-controversial-too/.

3. V. K hosla, "Do We Need Doctors Or A lgorithms?," TechCrunch, January 10, 2012, http://techcrunch.com/2012/01/10/doctors-or-algorithms/.

4. M. Kinsley, "Have You Lost Your Mind?," New Yorker, April 28, 2014, http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2014/04/28/140428fa_fact_kinsley.

5. "A Survey of the Future of Medicine," The Economist, March 19, 1994, http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-15236568.html.

6. E. Topol, "Individualized Medicine from Prewomb to Tomb," Cell 157 (2014): 241–253.

7a. M. Petronzio, "How One Woman Hid Her Pregnancy from Big Data," Mashable, April 26, 2014, http://mashable.com/2014/04/26/big-data-pregnancy/.

7b. D. Harris, "How Machine Learning is Saving Lives While Saving Hospitals Money," Gigaom, July 14, 2014, http://gigaom.com/2014/07/14/how-machine-learning-is-saving-lives-while-saving-hospitals-money/.

7c. M. Evans, "Data Collection Could Stump Next Phase of Predictive Analytics," Modern Health- care, July 12, 2014, http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20140712/M AGA ZINE/307129969/?template=printpicart.

8. A. Pandey, K. Abdullah, and M. H. Drazner, "Impact of Vice President Cheney on Public Interest in Left Ventricular Assist Devices and Heart Transplantation," American Journal of Cardiolog y 113 (2014): 1529–1531.

9. C. Anderson, "The End of Theory: The Data Deluge Makes the Scientific Method Obsolete," Wired, June 23, 2008, http://archive.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/16-07/pb_theory.

10. D. Butler, "Web Data Predict Flu," Nature 456 (2008): 287–288.

11. S. Cook et al., "Assessing Google Flu Trends Performance in the United States During the 2009 Influenza Virus A (H1N1) Pandemic," PLoS One 6, no. 8 (2011): e23610.

12. J. Ginsberg et al., "Detecting Influenza Epidemics Using Search Engine Query Data," Nature 457 (2009): 1012–1015.

13. D. Lazer et al., "The Parable of Google Flu: Traps in Big Data Analysis," Science 343 (2014):1203–1205.

14. A. C. Madrigal, "In Defense of Google Flu Trends," The Atlantic, March 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/print/2014/03/in-defense-of-google-flu-trends/359688/.

15. S. Lohr, "Google Flu Trends: The Limits of Big Data," New York Times, March 28, 2014, http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/03/28/google-flu-trends-the-limits-of-big-data/.

16. B. Schiller, "Predicting Contagious Outbreaks Using Your Most Popular Friends," Fast Company, April 25, 2014, http://www.fastcoexist.com/3029058/predicting-contagious-outbreaks-using-your-most-popular-friends.

17. D. Butler, "When Google Got Flu Wrong," Nature 494 (2013): 155–156.

18. T. Harford, "Big Data: Are We Making a Big Mistake?," Financial Times, March 28, 2014, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/21a6e7d8-b479-11e3-a09a-00144feabdc0.html-axzz2yJNfSGDx.

19. M. Krenchel and C. Madsbjerg, "Your Big Data Is Worthless If You Don't Bring It Into the Real World," Wired, April 11, 2014, http://www.wired.com/2014/04/your-big-data-is-worthless-if-you-dont-bring-it-into-the-real-world/.

20. G. Marcus and E. Davis, "Eight (No, Nine!) Problems With Big Data," New York Times, April 7, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/07/opinion/eight-no-nine-problems-with-big-data.html.

21a. M. Garcia-Herranz et al., "Using Friends as Sensors to Detect Global-Scale Contagious Out- breaks," PLoS One 9, no. 4 (2014): e92413.

21b. "How A Computer A lgorithm Predicted West A frica's Ebola Outbreak Before It Was Announced," Public Health Watch, August 10, 2014, http://publichealthwatch.wordpress.com/2014/08/10/how-a-computer-algorithm-predicted-west-africas-ebola-outbreak-before-it-was-announced/.

21c. D. Spiegelhalter, "The Future Lies in Uncertainty," Science 345, no. 6194 (2014): 264–265.

22. N. Singer, "Listen to Pandora, and It Listens Back," New York Times, January 5, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/05/technology/pandora-mines-users-data-to-better-target-ads.html.

23. N. Singer, "When a Health Plan Knows How You Shop," New York Times, June 29, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/29/technology/when-a-health-plan-knows-how-you-shop.html.

24. S. Pettypiece and J. Robertson, "Hospitals Are Mining Patients' Credit Card Data to Predict Who Will Get Sick," Businessweek, July 3, 2014, http://www.businessweek.com/printer/articles/211245-hospitals-are-mining-patients-credit-card-data-to-predict-who-will-get-sick.

25. B. Molen, "Her Name Is Cortana. Her Attitude Is Almost Human," Engadget, June 4, 2014, http://www.engadget.com/2014/06/04/cortana-microsoft-windows-phone/.

26. M. Scott, "A Smartphone Keyboard App That Anticipates What You Want to Type," New York Times, June 16, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/16/technology/a-smartphone-keyboard-app-that-anticipates-what-you-want-to-type.html.

27. O. Malik, "The Coming Era of Magical Computing," Fast Company, November 18, 2013, http://www.fastcompany.com/3021153/technovore/om-malik-the-coming-era-of-magical-computing.

28. D. Nosowitz, "Can Gadgets Really Tell The Future?," Fast Co. Design, February 27, 2014, http://www.fastcodesign.com/3026853/can-gadgets-really-tell-the-future.

29. "Move Over, Siri," The Economist, November 30, 2013, http://www.economist.com/news/technolog y-quarterly/21590760 -predictive-intelligence-new-breed-personal-assistant-software-tries/print.

30. "A Cure for the Big Blues," The Economist, January 11, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21593489/print.

31. S. E. Ante, "IBM Struggles to Turn Watson Computer into Big Business," Wall Street Journal, January 7, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100
01424052702304887104579306881917668654.

32. J. Hempel, "IBM's Massive Bet on Watson," CNN Money, September 19, 2013, http://money.cnn.com/2013/09/19/technology/ibm-watson.pr.fortune/index.html?pw_log=in.

33. A. Bari, M. Chaouchi, and T. Jong, Predictive Analytics for Dummies (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2014), 129.

34. M. van Rijmenam, "How Machine Learning Could Result in Great Applications for Your Business," Big Data-Startups Blog, January 10, 2014, http://www.bigdata-startups.com/machine-learning-result-great-applications-business/.

35. N. Jones, "The Learning Machines," Nature 505 (2014): 146 –148.

36. J. Markoff, "Scientists See Promise in Deep-Learning Programs," New York Times, November 24, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/24/science/scientists-see-advances-in-deep-learning-a-part-of-artificial-intelligence.html.

37. "Don't Be Evil, Genius," The Economist, February 1, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21595462/print.

38. J. Pearson, "Superintelligent AI Could Wipe Out Humanity, If We're Not Ready for It," Motherboard, April 23, 2014, http://motherboard.vice.com/read/super-intelligent-ai-could-wipe-out-humanity-if-were-not-ready-for-it.

39. E. Brynjolfsson and A. McAfee, "The Dawn of the Age of Artificial Intelligence," The Atlantic, February 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/business/print/2014/02/the-dawn-of-the-age-of-artificial-intelligence/283730/.

40. S. Schneider, "The Philosophy of 'Her,'" New York Times, March 2, 2014, http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/the-philosophy-of-her/?ref=opinion.

41. A. Vance, "The Race to Buy the Human Brains Behind Deep Learning Machines," Bloomberg Businessweek, January 27, 2014, http://www.businessweek.com/printer/articles/180155-the-race-to-buy-the-human-brains-behind-deep-learning-machines.

42. G. Satell, "Why the Future of Technology Is All Too Human," Forbes, February 23, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/gregsatell/2014/02/23/why-the-future-of-techno­logy-is-all-too-human/.

43. D. Auerbach, "A.I. Has Grown Up and Left Home," Nautilus, December 19, 2013, http://nautil.us/issue/8/home/ai-has-grown-up-and-left-home.

44. D. Rowinski, "Google's Game of Moneyball in the Age of Artificial Intelligence," Read Write, Januar y 29, 2014, http://readwrite.com/2014/01/29/google-artificial-intelligence-robots-cognitive-computing-moneyball-awesm=~our3BQPIj4IPFE.

45. T. Simonite, "An AI Chip to Help Computers Understand Images," MIT Technology Review, January 2, 2014, http://m.technologyreview.com/news/523181/an-ai-chip-to-help-computers-understand-images/.

46. D. Brooks, "What Machines Can't Do," New York Times, February 4, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/04/opinion/brooks-what-machines-cant-do.html.

47. S. Fletcher, "Machine Learning," Scientific American 309 (2013): 62– 68.

48. G. Marcus, "Why Can't My Computer Understand Me?," New Yorker, August 14, 2013, http://www.new yorker.com/online/blogs/elements/2013/08/why-cant-my-computer-understand-me.html?printable=true&currentPage=all.

49a. D. Tweney, "Scientists Exploring Computers That Can Learn and Adapt," Venture Beat, December 29, 2013, http://venturebeat.com/2013/12/29/scientists-exploring-computers-that-can-learn-and-adapt/.

49b. J. Markhoff, "Computer Eyesight Gets A Lot More Accurate," New York Times, August 18, 2014, http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/08/18/computer-eyesight-gets-a-lot-more-accurate/?ref=technology.

50. M. M. Waldrop, "Smart Connections," Nature 503 (2013): 22–24.

51. "Supercomputers, The Human Brain and the Advent of Computational Biology," Antisense Science, March 29, 2014, http://antisensescienceblog.wordpress.com/2014/03/29/supercomputers-the-human-brain-and-the-advent-of-computational-biology/.

52. M. Starr, "Brain-Inspired Circuit Board 9000 Times Faster Than an Average PC," CNET, May 1, 2014, http://m.cnet.com.au/brain-inspired-circuit-board-9000-times-faster-than-an-average-pc-339347168.htm?redir=1.

53. J. Markoff, "Brainlike Computers, Learning from Experience," New York Times, December 29, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/29/science/brainlike-computers-learning-from-experience.html.

54. E. M. Rusli, "Attempting to Code the Human Brain," Wall Street Journal, February 3, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100
01424052702304851104579361191171330498.

55. N. B. Turk-Browne, "Functional Interactions as Big Data in the Human Brain," Science 342, no. 6158 (2013): 580 –584.

56. D. M. Wenger and A. F. Ward, "The Internet Has Become the External Hard Drive for Our Memories," Scientific American, November 19, 2013, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-internet-has-become-the-external-hard-drive-for-our-memories/.

57. "Neuromorphic Computing: The Machine of a New Soul," The Economist, August 1, 2013, http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21582495-computers-will-help-people-understand-brains-better-and-understanding-brains.

58. G. Marcus, "Hyping Artificial Intelligence, Yet Again," New Yorker, December 31, 2014, http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/elements/2014/01/the-new-york-times-artificial-intelligence-hype-machine.html.

59. D. Basulto, "Artificial Intelligence Is the Next Big Tech Trend. Here's Why," Washington Post, Ma rch 25, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/innovations/wp/
2014/03/25/artificial-intelligence-is-the-next-big-tech-trend-heres-why//?print=1.

60. L. Dormehl, "Facial Recognition: Is the Technology Taking Away Your Identity?," The Guardian,May 4, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/may/04/facial-recognition-technology-identity-tesco-ethical-issues/print.

61. M. S. Bartlett et al., "Automatic Decoding of Facial Movements Reveals Deceptive Pain Expressions," Current Biology 24 (2014): 738–743.

62. J. Hoffman, "Reading Pain in a Human Face," New York Times, April 28, 2014, http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/04/28/reading-pain-in-a-human-face/.

63. S. Du, Y. Tao, and A. M. Martinez, "Compound Facial Expressions of Emotion," PNAS Early Edition, March 31, 2014, http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1322355111.

64. H. Ledford, "The Computer Will See You Now," Nature News, November 9, 2011, http://www.nature.com/news/the-computer-will-see-you-now-1.9324.

65. F. Manjoo, "Conjuring Images of a Bionic Future," New York Times, April 24, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/24/technology/personaltech/app-controlled-hearing-aid-improves-even-normal-hearing.html.

66. "What Is Bothering You Today?" Symptom Checker, the Award-winning Symcat App, accessed August 13, 2014, http://www.symcat.com/.

67a. P. Marks, "Watson in Your Pocket: Supercomputer Gets Own Apps," New Scientist, April 28, 2014, http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn25476-watson-in-your-pocket-supercomputer-gets-own-apps.html?full=true&print=true-.U1-0o17KR4E.

67b. H. Singh, "The Battle Against Misdiagnosis," Wall Street Journal, August 7, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/articles/hardeep-singh-the-battle-against-misdiagnosis-1407453373#printMode.

67c. J. Frieden, "Misdiagnosis. Can It Be Remedied?" MedPage Today, August 17, 2014, http://www.medpagetoday.com/PublicHealthPolicy/
GeneralProfessionalIssues/47232.

68. J. O. Drife, "House," British Medical Journal 330 (2005): 1090.

69. "BMJ Backs HOUSE MD," Z3, January 17, 2007, http://z3.invisionfree.com/House_Fans/ar/t1817.htm.

70. C. J. Gill, L. Sabin, and C. H. Schmid, "Why Clinicians Are Natural Bayesians," British Medical Journal 330 (2005): 1080 –1083.

71. R. N. Chitty, "Why Clinicians Are Natural Bayesians: Is There a Bayesian Doctor in the House?," British Medical Journal 330 (2005): 1390.

72. D. Hernandez, "Artificial Intelligence Is Now Telling Doctors How to Treat You," Wired, June 2, 2014, http://www.wired.com/2014/06/ai-healthcare/.

73. R. M. French, "Dusting Off the Turing Test," Science 336 (2012): 164–165.

74. G. Poste, "Bring on the Biomarkers," Nature 469 (2011): 156 –157.

75. A. B. Jensen et al., "Temporal Disease Trajectories Condensed from Population-Wide Registry Data Covering 6.2 Million Patients," Nature Communications, June 24, 2014, http://www.readbyqxmd.com/read/24959948/temporal-disease-trajectories-condensed-from-population-wide-registry-data-covering-6-2-million-patients.

76. C. Mims, "Forget 'The Cloud'; 'The Fog' Is Tech's Future," Wall Street Journal, May 18, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB1000
1424052702304908304579566662320279406.

77. M. Cottrell et al., "Fault Prediction in Aircraft Engines Using Self-Organizing Maps," 2009, accessed from arXiv, August 13, 2014, http://arxiv.org/pdf/0907.1368v1.pdf.

78. R. Pipke et al., "Feasibility of Personalized Nonparametric Analytics for Predictive Monitoring of Heart Failure Patients Using Continuous Mobile Telemetry," Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Wireless Health, 2013, Article No. 7, accessed from the ACM Digital Library, August 13, 2014, http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2534107.

79. C. Smith, "The Digital Doctor Will See You Now: How Big Data Is Saving Lives," Tech Radar, June 18, 2014, http://www.techradar.com/news/computing/the-digital-doctor-will-see-you-now-how-big-data-is-saving-lives-1253870.

80. J. Hamblin, "Who Will Watch You Fall? A Radar Detection Program for the Elderly," The Atlantic, April 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/health/print/2014/04/old-americans-on-radar/360833/.

81a. P. Clark, "Innovation: Floor Tiles That Can Monitor the Health of the Elderly," Businessweek, March 20, 2014, http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-03-20/intellimat-flooring-measures-health-based-on-footstep-patterns.

81b. D. Spector, "Microchips Will Be Implanted Into Healthy People Sooner Than You Think," Business Insider, August 8, 2014, http://www.businessinsider.com/microchip-implants-in-healthy-people-2014-7.

82. W. Koh et al., "Noninvasive In Vivo Monitoring of Tissue-Specific Global Gene Expression in Humans," in PNAS Early Edition, May 5, 2014, http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1405528111.

Глава 14

1. S. Berkley, "How Cell Phones Are Transforming Health Care in Africa," MIT Technology Review, Septmber 12, 2013, http://www.technologyreview.com/view/519041/how-cell-phones-are-transforming-health-care-in-africa/.

2. A. Caramenico, "Mobile Tech to End Health Disparities," Fierce Health Payer, February 13, 2014, http://www.fiercehealthpayer.com/node/23277/print.

3. C. J. L. Murray and A. D. López, "Measuring the Global Burden of Disease," New England Journal of Medicine 369 (2013): 448– 457.

4. C. Murray et al., "The Global Burden of Disease: Generating Evidence, Guiding Policy," Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, July 23, 2013, http://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/files/policy_report/2013/GBD_GeneratingEvidence/IHME _GBD_GeneratingEvidence_FullReport.pdf.

5. L. O. Gostin, "Healthy Living Needs Global Governance," Nature 511 (2014): 147–149.

6. B. McKay, "Tuberculosis Affects Children More Than Previously Thought," Wall Street Journal, March 23, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB1000
1424052702304179704579457780012223184.

7. M. Kessel, "Neglected Diseases, Delinquent Diagnostics," Science Translational Medicine 6, no.226 (2014): 1–3.

8. J. G. Kahn, J. S. Yang, and J. S. Kahn, "'Mobile' Health Needs and Opportunities in Developing Countries," Health Affairs 29, no. 2 (2010): 252–258.

9. R. Richards-Kortum and M. Oden, "Devices for Low-Resource Health Care," Science 342 (2013): 1055–1057.

10. A. Wesolowski et al., "Quantifying the Impact of Human Mobility on Malaria," Science 267 (2012): 267–270.

11a. D. N. Breslauer et al., "Mobile Phone Based Clinical Microscopy for Global Health Applications," PLoS One 4, no. 7 (2009): e6320.

11b. S. A. Lee and C. Yang, "A Smartphone-Based Chip-Scale Microscope Using Ambient Illumination," Lab Chip 14 (2014): 3056 –3063.

12. E. K. Sackmann, A. L. Fulton, and D. J. Beebe, "The Present and Future Role of Microfluidics in Biomedical Research," Nature 507 (2014): 181–189.

13. "Detecting Disease with a Smartphone Accessory," Science Daily, June 4, 2013, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/06/130604113959.htm.

14. A. D. Warren et al., "Point-Of-Care Diagnostics for Noncommunicable Diseases Using Synthetic Urinary Biomarkers and Paper Microfluidics," PNAS Early Edition, February 19, 2014, http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/02/19/1314651111.

15. G. Miller, "How to Make a Microscope Out of Paper in 10 Minutes," Wired, March 7, 2014, http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2014/03/paper-microscope/.

16. "The $1 Origa mi Microscope," MIT Technolog y Review, March 11, 2014, http://www.technologyreview.com/view/525471/the-1-origami-microscope/.

17. B. Ouyang, "50 Cent Origami Microscope for Third-World Diagnostics," MedGadget, March 11, 2014, http://www.medgadget.com/2014/03/50-cent-origami-microscope-for-third-world-diagnostics.html/print/.

18. K. Newby, "Standford Bioengineer Develops a 50-Cent Paper Microscope," Scope Blog, March 10, 2014, http://scopeblog.stanford.edu/2014/03/10/stanford-bioengineer-develops-a-50-cent-paper-microscope/.

19. J. Cybulski, J. Clements, and M. Prakash, "Foldscope: Origami-Based Paper Microscope," arXiv, 2014, http://arxiv.org/pdf/1403.1211.pdf.

20. K. Newby, "Free DIY Microscope Kits to Citizen Scientists with Inspiring Project Ideas," Scope Blog, March 13, 2014, http://scopeblog.stanford.edu/2014/03/13/free-diy-microscope-kits-to-citizen-scientists-with-inspiring-project-ideas/.

21. F. Alam, "Birth of the DIY Malaria Detector," Popular Science, January 16, 2014, http://www.popsci.com/blog-network/biohackers/birth-diy-malaria-detector.

22. C. Scott, "New Inexpensive Skin Test in Development to Diagnose Malaria in an Instant," Singularity Hub, January 29, 2014, http://singularityhub.com/2014/01/29/new-inexpensive-skin-test-to-diagnose-malaria-in-an-instant/.

23. D. G. McNeil, "A New Test for Malaria, No Blood Required," New York Times, January 7, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/07/science/a-new-test-for-malaria-no-blood-required.html.

24. E. Y. Lukianova-Hleb et al., "Hemozoin-Generated Vapor Nanobubbles for Transdermal Reagent- and Needle-Free Detection of Malaria," PNAS Early Edition, December 30, 2013, http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/12/26/1316253111.abstract?sid=0d140ff1-05a8-4161-84db-ac74a789ba19.

25. B. Dolan, "MIT Startup Winner Envisions Wristworn, Malaria Diagnostic Device," MobiHealth-News, May 15, 2014, http://mobihealthnews.com/33193/mit-startup-winner-envisions-wrist worn-malaria-diagnostic-device/.

26. C. Winter, "Nanobiosym's Gene-Radar Diagnoses Diseases Faster," Bloomberg Businessweek, December 12, 2013, http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-12-12/innovation-nanobiosyms-gene-radar-diagnoses-diseases-faster.

27. A. Proffitt, "QuantuMDx Launches MolDx Indiegogo Campaign," Bio-IT World, February 12, 2014, http://www.bio-itworld.com/2014/2/12/quantumdx-launches-moldx-indiegogo-campaign.html.

28. M. Perelman, "Biomeme Transforming Smartphones into Convenient, Low-Cost Labs for Quick DNA Diagnostics and On-Site Disease Tracking," presented at the Scripps Translational Science Institute on September 12, 2013.

29. T. Fong, "QuantuMDx Eyeing 2015 Launch of Handheld POC MDx Device," Genome Web, January 27, 2014, http://www.genomeweb.com/pcrsample-prep/quantumdx-eyeing-2015-launch-handheld-poc-mdx-device.

30. S. Baum, "Biomeme's Smartphone Lab to Identify Pathogens Sets Sights on Central America," MedCity News, April 3, 2014, http://medcitynews.com/2014/04/biomemes-smartphone-lab-identify-pathogens-sets-sights-central-america/.

31. "Pocket Diagnosis," University of Cambridge, accessed August 13, 2014, http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/pocket-diagnosis.

32. A. K. Yetisena et al., "A Smartphone Algorithm with Inter-Phone Repeatability for the Analysis of Colorimetric Tests," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 196 (2014): 156–160.

33. A. H. J. Kolk et al., "Breath Analysis as a Potential Diagnostic Tool for Tuberculosis," International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 16, no. 6 (2012): 777–782.

34. G. Theron et al., "Feasibility, Accuracy, and Clinical Effect of Point-of-Care Xpert MTB/RIF Testing for Tuberculosis In Primary-Care Settings in Africa: A Multicentre, Randomised, Controlled Trial," The Lancet 383 (2014): 424– 435.

35. J. I. Gordon et al., "The Human Gut Microbiota and Undernutrition," Science Translational Medicine 12, no. 4 (2012): 137ps12.

36. D. A. Relman, "Undernutrition—Looking Within for Answers," Science 339 (2013): 530 –532.

37. M. I. Smith et al., "Gut Microbiomes of Malawian Twin Pairs Discordant for Kwashiorkor," Science 339 (2013): 548–554.

38. E. Yong, "Gut Microbes Contribute to Mysterious Malnutrition," National Geographic, January 30, 2013, ht t p://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2013/01/30/gut-microbes-kwashiorkor-malnutrition/.

39. A. Anthony, "I Had the Bacteria in My Gut Analysed. And This May Be the Future of Medicine," The Guardian, February 11, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/feb/11/gut-biology-health-bacteria-future-medicine/print.

40. I. Trehan et al., "Antibiotics as Part of the Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition," New England Journal of Medicine 368, no. 5 (2013): 425– 435.

41. D. Grady, "Malnourished Gain Lifesaver in Antibiotics," New York Times, January 31, 2013, http://www.ny times .com/2013/01/31/hea lth/antibiotics -can-save -lives -of-severely-ma lnourished-children-studies-find.html.

42. X. Didelot et al., "Transforming Clinical Microbiology with Bacterial Genome Sequencing," Nature Reviews Genetics 13, no. 9 (2012): 601– 612.

43. E. Yong, "Searching for a 'Healthy' Microbiome," PBS, January 29, 2014, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/next/body/microbiome-diversity/.

44. P. R. Dormitzer et al., "Synthetic Generation of Influenza Vaccine Viruses for Rapid Response to Pandemics," Science Translational Medicine 5, no. 185 (2013): 1–13.

45. "Cancer in the Developing World: Worse Than AIDS," The Economist, March 1, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21597962/print.

46. B. O. Anderson, "Breast Cancer—Thinking Globally," Science 343 (2014): 1403.

47. A. Rutkin, "Cancer Diagnosis as Simple as a Pregnancy Test," New Scientist, February 24, 2014, http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn25110-cancer-diagnosis-as-simple-as-a-pregnancy-test.html.

48. B. Fung, "The Cancer Screening That Runs on Your Smartphone," The Atlantic, April 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/health/print/2012/04/the-cancer-screening-that-runs-on-your-smartphone/256119/.

49. H. Hodson, "Solar DNA Tests Detect Cancer Without Electricity," New Scientist, February 21, 2014, http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn25103-solar-dna-tests-detect-cancer-without-electricity.html#.U_TF1EuWvlc.

50. A. Trafton, "A Paper Diagnostic for Cancer," MIT News, February 24, 2014, http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2014/a-paper-diagnostic-for-cancer-0224.html.

51. S. Young, "Cheaper Cancer Gene Tests, by the Drop," MIT Technolog y Review, February 25, 2014, http://www.technologyreview.com/news/524896/cheaper-cancer-gene-tests-by-the-drop/.

52. "The Sensor Project: At the Intersection of Innovation and Global Health," ECEM, accessed August 13, 2014, https://secure.e2rm.com/registrant/LoginRegister.aspx?eventid=141287&langpref=en-CA&Referrer=http%3a%2f%2fthesensorproject.org%2f.

53. "Imaging the World Is Helping to Make Progress Toward the United Nations' Millennium Development Goal 5," Imaging the World, November 4, 2013, http://imagingtheworld.org/imaging-the-world-itw-is-helping-to-make-progress-toward-the-united-nations-millennium-development-goal-5/.

54. S. Agarwal and A. Labrique, "Newborn Health on the Line: The Potential mHealth Applications," Journal of the American Medical Association, July 16, 2014, http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleID=1883978.

55. R. Barclay, "Smartphone Device Can Detect Preeclampsia, Saving Lives Worldwide," Healthline News, March 9, 2014, http://www.hea lthline .com/hea lth-news/tech-mobile -pulse -oximeter-for-preeclampsia-030914.

56. J. Comstock, "Small Trial Shows $50 Smartphone Endoscope Performs Well," MobiHealthNews, March 10, 2014, http://mobihealthnews.com/30756/small-trial-shows-50 -smartphone-endoscope-performs-well/.

57. B. Lovejoy, "Stanford University Develops $90 iPhone Accessory to Replace Ophthalmology Kit Costing Tens of Thousands," 9 to 5 Mac, March 17, 2014, http://9to5mac.com/2014/03/17/stanford-university-develops-90-iphone-accessory-to-replace-ophthalmology-kit-costing-tens-of-thousands/.

58. D. Myung et al., "Simple, Low-Cost Smartphone Adapter for Rapid, High Quality Ocular Anterior Segment Imaging: A Photo Diary," Journal MTM 3, no. 1 (2014): 2–8.

59a. M. Aderholt, "Researchers 3D Print Smartphone Compatible Microscope Lenses for 1 Penny," 3D Print, April 27, 2014, http://3dprint.com/2721/3d-print-smartphone-microscope-lenses/.

59b. A. Nemiroskia et al., "Universal Mobile Electrochemical Detector Designed for Use in Resource-Limited Applications," PNAS Early Edition, August 4, 2014, www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1405679111.

59c. A. Simmonds, "Handheld Device Could Enable Low-Cost Chemical Tests," Nature, August 4, 2014, http://www.nature.com/news/handheld-device-could-enable-low-cost-chemical-tests-1.15662.

60. N. Crisp and L. Chen, "Global Supply of Health Professionals," New England Journal of Medicine 370 (2014): 950 –957.

61. G. Graham, "Leveraging Mobile Technology for Improved Public Health: Empowering Communities with Increased Access and Connectivity," Huffington Post, February 11, 2014, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-garth-graham/leveraging-mobile-technol_b_4725698.html?view=print&comm_ref=false.

62. A. Fallon, "Virtual Doctor Project: Telemedicine Project in Zambia," Africa Health IT News,January 9, 2014, http://africahealthitnews.com/blogs/telemedicine/virtual-doctor-project-telemedicine-project-zambia/.

63. "Digital Life in 2025," Pew Research Center, March 11, 2014, http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/03/11/digital-life-in-2025/.

64. E. Wyatt, "Most of U.S. Is Wired, but Millions Aren't Plugged In," New York Times, August 19, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/19/technology/a-push-to-connect-millions-who-live-offline-to-the-internet.html.

65. Y. Xiaohui et al., "mHealth in China and the United States," Center for Technology Innovation at Brookings, March 12, 2014, http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2014/03/12-mhealth-china-united-states-mobile-technology-health-care.

66. G. Slabodkin, "Homeless Patients May Benefit from mHealth," FierceMobileHealthcare, September 6, 2013, http://www.fiercemobilehealthcare.com/node/10399/print.

67. S. Jackson, "Cell Phones Help Poor Diabetics with Glucose Control," FierceMobileHealthcare, May 20, 2014, http://www.fiercemobilehealthcare.com/story/cell-phones-help-poor-diabetics-glucose-control/2011-05-20.

68. G. Slabodkin, "mHealth Improves Care for Urban Poor Populations," FierceMobileHealthcare, May 10, 2013, http://www.fiercemobilehealthcare.com/node/10250/print.

69. "The Rise of the Cheap Smartphone," The Economist, April 3, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21600134/print.

70. M. Honan, "Don't Diss Cheap Smartphones. They're About to Change Everything," Wired, May 16, 2014, http://www.wired.com/2014/05/cheap-smartphones/.

71. H. Vogt, "Using Free Wi-Fi to Connect Africa's Unconnected," Wall Street Journal, April 13, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB1000
1424052702303287804579447323711745040.

72. M. Zuckerberg, "Mark Zuckerberg on a Future Where the Internet Is Available to All," Wall Street Journal, July 7, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/articles/mark-zuckerberg-on-a-future-where-the-internet-is-available-to-all-1404762276.

73. D. Fletcher, "Daniel Fletcher: Why Your iPhone Upgrade Is Good for the Poor," Wall Street Journal, September 20, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB1000
1424127887324492604579083762147495666.

74. A. Minter, "Your iPhone's Afterlife," Fast Company, November 18, 2013, http://www.fastcompany.com/3021305/junkyard-planet-your-iphones-after-life.

75. A. Toor, "Cellphones Ignite a 'Reading Revolution' in Poor Countries," The Verge, April 23, 2014, http://www.theverge.com/2014/4/23/5643058/mobile-phone-reading-illiteracy-developing-countries-unesco.

Глава 15

1. E. S. Andersen, Joseph A. Schumpeter: A Theory of Social and Economic Evolution (New York, NY: Palgrave McMillan, 2011).

2. R. Smith, "Teaching Medical Students Online Consultation with Patients," BMJ Blogs, February 14, 2014, http://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2014/02/14/richard-smith-teaching-medical-students-online-consultation-with-patients/.

3. "Alan Turing," Wikiquote, accessed August 13, 2014, http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Alan_Turing.

4. "Ignaz Semmelweis," Wikipedia, accessed August 13, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignaz_Semmelweis.

5. B. Ewigman et al., "Ethics and Routine Ultrasonography in Pregnancy," American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 163, no. 1 (1990): 256 –257.

6. S. J. Reiser, Technological Medicine: The Changing World of Doctors and Patients (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 12.

7. H. J. West, D. deBronkart, and G. D. Demetri, "A New Model: Physician-Patient Collaboration in Online Communities and the Clinical Practice of Oncology," Department of Thoracic Oncology, Swedish Cancer Institute, 2012, http://meetinglibrary.asco.org/sites/meetinglibrary.asco.org/files/ Educational Book/PDF Files/2012/zds00112000443.pdf.

8. P. Wicks, T. Vaughan, and J. Heywood, "Subjects No More: What Happens When Trial Participants Realize They Hold the Power?," British Medical Journal 348 (2014): g368.

9. "The New Patient Revolution Is Among Us . . .," Smart Patients, February 1, 2014, http://www.smartpatients.com/blog/the-new-patient-revolution/.

10. J. Aw, "Patients Who Question Their Doctors Are Changing the Face of Medicine—and Physicians Are Embracing the Shift," National Post, March 11, 2014, http://life.nationalpost.com/2014/03/11/patients-who-question-their-doctors-are-changing-the-face-of-medicine-and-physicians-are-embracing-the-shift/.

11. F. Godlee, "Towards the Patient Revolution," British Medical Journal 348 (2014): g1209.

12. J. H. Hibbard and J. Greene, "What the Evidence Shows About Patient Activation: Better Health Outcomes and Care Experiences; Fewer Data on Costs," Health Affairs 32, no. 2 (2013): 207–214.

13. E. Hill, "Smart Patients," The Lancet 15 (2014): 140 –141.

14. M. R. Katz, "Katz: 'Participatory Medicine' Encourages Partnership Between Patient and Provider," Times Dispatch, August 20, 2014, http://www.timesdispatch.com/opinion/their-opinion/columnists -blogs/guest-columnists/katz-participatory-medicine-encourages-partnership-between-patient-and-provider/article_7cb25dfd-cbfb-505d-b164-11b5c0b45fa9.html.

15. M. Miliard, "Q&A: Eric Dishman on Patient Engagement," Healthcare IT News, April 10, 2012, http://www.healthcareitnews.com/print/45046.

16. "Partnering with Patients to Drive Shared Decisions, Better Value, and Care Improvement," Institute of Medicine, August 2013, http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report Files/2013/Partnering-with-Patients/PwP_meetingsummary.pdf.

17. M. Gur-Arie, "How mHealth Will Change the Doctor-Patient Culture," Kevin MD, March 4, 2014, http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2014/03/mhealth-change-doctorpatient-culture.html.

18. D. Shanahan, "A Brave New World—'Research with' Not 'Research on' Patients," BioMed Central, May 20, 2014, http://blogs.biomedcentral.com/bmcblog/2014/05/20/international-clinical-trials-day-2014/.

19. J. Comstock, "In-Depth: Providers' Inevitable Acceptance of Patient Generated Health Data," MobiHealthNews, March 21, 2014, http://mobihealthnews.com/31268/in-depth-providers-inevitable-acceptance-of-patient-generated-health-data/3/.

20. L. Rao, "One Medical Group Raises $40M to Help Reinvent the Doctor's Office," TechCrunch, April 17, 2014, http://techcrunch.com/2014/04/17/one-medical-group-raises-40m-to-help-reinvent-the-doctors-office/.

21. A. K. Rudansky, "How Patient Generated Data Changes Healthcare," Information Week, September 10, 2013, http://www.informationweek.com/healthcare/patient/how-patient-generated-data-changes-healt/240161051?printer_friendly=this-page.

22. B. Dolan and A. Pai, "In-Depth: Providers' Inevitable Acceptance of Patient Generated Health Data," MobiHealthNews, March 21, 2014, http://mobihealthnews.com/31268/in-depth-providers-inevitable-acceptance-of-patient-generated-health-data/2/.

23. J. Sarasohn-Kahn, "Why Having Access to Your Health Information Matters," Healthcare DIY, March 1, 2014, http://healthcarediy.com/technology/your-medical-records-are-your-medical-records/.

24. B. Dolan and A. Pai, "In-Depth: Providers' Inevitable Acceptance of Patient Generated Health Data," MobiHealthNews, March 21, 2014, http://mobihealthnews.com/31268/in-depth-providers-inevitable-acceptance-of-patient-generated-health-data/.

25. J. Markoff, "A Trip in a Self-Driving Car Now Seems Routine," New York Times, May 13, 2014, http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/05/13/a-trip-in-a-self-driving-car-now-seems-routine/?smid=tw-nytimesbits.

26. A. Salkever, "What Google's Driverless Car Future Might Really Look Like," Read Write, May 28, 2014, http://readwrite.com/2014/05/28/googles-driverless-car-future?awesm=readwr.it_p20r-awesm=~oFWmYrlzbbCpi0.

27. C. C. Miller, "When Driverless Cars Break the Law," New York Times, May 14, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/14/upshot/when-driverless-cars-break-the-law.html.

28. G. Sullivan, "Google's New Driverless Car Has No Brakes or Steering Wheel," Washington Post, May 28, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/05/28/googles-new-driverless-car-has-no-brakes-or-steering-wheel//?print=1.

29. R. Lawler, "Google X Built a Fully Self-Driving Car from Scratch, Sans Steering Wheel and Pedals," TechCrunch, May 27, 2014, http://techcrunch.com/2014/05/27/google-x-introduces-a-fully-self-driving-car-sans-steering-wheel-and-pedals/.

30. L. Gannes, "Google's New Self-Driving Car Ditches the Steering Wheel," Recode, May 27, 2014, http://recode.net/2014/05/27/googles-new-self-driving-car-ditches-the-steering-wheel/.

31. R. W. Lucky, "The Drive for Driverless Cars," IEEE Spectrum, June 26, 2014, http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/embedded-systems/the-drive-for-driverless-cars.

32. C. Smith, "'I No Longer Have to Go to See the Doctor': How the Patient Portal is Changing Medical Practice," Journal of Participatory Medicine 6 (2014): e6.

33. L. Collar, "Are Physicians Still Relevant?," Sapphire Equinox, April 5, 2014, http://sapphireequinox.com/blog/are-physicians-still-relevant/.

34. "Walter de Brouwer: Check Your Emails—and Your Heart—with This 'Emergency Room in Your Hand,'" Independent, August 26, 2013, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/walter-de-brouwer-check-your-emails-and-your-heart-with-this-emergency-room-in-your-hand-8784569.html.

35. A. Verghese, "Prepared Text of Commencement Remarks by Abraham Verghese," Stanford News, June 16, 2014, http://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2014/06/prepared-text-of-commencement-remarks-by-abraham-verghese.html.

36. S. Strauss, "Clara M. Davis and the Wisdom of Letting Children Choose Their Own Diets," Canadian Medical Association Journal 175, no. 10 (2006): 1199–1201.

37. V. Mehta, "Learning from the Wisdom of the Body," Huffington Post, July 30, 2011, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/viral-mehta/mind-body-experience-_b_912703.html.

38. W. Cannon, "Walter Bradford Cannon," Wikipedia, accessed August 13, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Cannon.

39. "Who Owns Your Personal Data? The Incorporated Woman," The Economist, June 27, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21606113/print.

40. Y.-A. de Montjoye et al., "openPDS: Protecting the Privacy of Metadata Through SafeAnswers," PLoS One 9, no. 7 (2014): e98790.

41. L. Hardesty, "Own Your Own Data," MIT News, July 9, 2014, http://newsoffice.mit.edu/2014/own-your-own-data-0709.

42. "The Geek Guide to Insurance," The Economist, April 5, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21600147/print.

43. U. E. Reinhardt, "The Illogic of Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance," New York Times, July 3, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/03/upshot/the-illogic-of-employer-sponsored-hea lth-insurance.html.

44. P. Fronstin, M. J. Sepúlveda, and M. C. Roebuck, "Consumer-Directed Health Plans Reduce the Long-Term Use of Outpatient Physician Visits and Prescription Drugs," Health Affairs 32, no. 6 (2013):1126 –1134.

45. A. Lewis and V. Khanna, "The Cure for the Common Corporate Wellness Program," Harvard Business Review, January 30, 2014, http://blogs.hbr.org/2014/01/the-cure-for-the-common-corporate-wellness-program/.

46. S. Begley, "Exclusive: 'Workplace Wellness' Fails Bottom Line, Waistlines—R AND," Reuters, May 24, 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/24/us-wellness-idUSBRE94N0X X20130524.

47. J. P. Caloyeras et al., "Managing Manifest Diseases, but Not Health Risks, Saved PepsiCo Money Over Seven Years," Health Affairs 33, no. 1 (2014): 124–131.

48. R. K. Parikh, "Do Workplace Wellness Programs Work?," Los Angeles Times, September 15, 2013, http://articles.latimes.com/2013/sep/15/opinion/la-oe-parikh-employee-wellness-programs-20130912.

49. K. Pho, "Do Corporate Wellness Programs Work?," USA Today, September 9, 2013, http://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2013/09/09/corporate-wellness-programs-column/2790107/.

50. S. R. Johnson, "Firms Revamping Employee Wellness Programs," Modern Healthcare, May 24, 2014, http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20140524/
MAGAZINE/305249980/?template=printpicart.

51. "Annual Checkups Generally Don't Lengthen Lives, and They Do Carry Some Health Risks," Washington Post, June 30, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/annual-checkups-generally-dont-lengthen-lives-and-they-do-carry-some-health-risks/2014/06/30/d51ff5d0-61cb-11e3-8beb-3f9a9942850f_story.html.

52. S. Duffy, "What If Doctors Could Finally Prescribe Behavior Change?," Forbes, April 17, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/sciencebiz/2014/04/17/what-if-doctors-could-finally-prescribe-behavior-change/.

53. M. A. M. Davies, "How to Make Wearables Stick: Use Them to Change Human Behavior," Venture Beat, March 2, 2014, http://venturebeat.com/2014/03/02/how-to-make-wearables-stick-use-them-to-change-human-behavior/.

54. L. Wagner, "Wellness Startups Find a Channel to Better Health: Employers," Venture Beat, July 31, 2013, http://venturebeat.com/2013/07/31/wellness-startups-find-a-channel-to-better-health-employers/.

55. V. Gidwaney, "How Wearables Will Transform the Health Insurance Game," HealthWorks Collective, May 12, 2014, http://healthworkscollective.com/veer-gidwaney/163271/how-wearables-will-transform-health-insurance-game.

56. D. Nield, "In Corporate Wellness Programs, Wearables Take a Step Forward," CNN Money, April 15, 2014, http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2014/04/15/in-corporate-wellness-programs-wearables-take-a-step-forward/.

57. J. Gownder, "Wearables Require a New Kind of Ecosystem," ZDNet, January 30, 2014, http://www.zdnet.com/wearables-require-a-new-kind-of-ecosystem-7000025802/.

58. P. Olson, "Get Ready for Wearable Tech to Plug into Health Insurance," Forbes, June 19, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2014/06/19/wearable-tech-health-insurance/.

59. C. O. Werle, B. Wansink, and C. R. Payne, "Is It Fun or Exercise? The Framing of Physical Activity Biases Subsequent Snacking," Marketing Letters, May 27, 2014, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2442383.

60a. E. Topol, The Creative Destruction of Medicine (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2012), 126 –127.

60b. N. Gohring, "This Company Saved $300k on Insurance by Giving Employees Fitbits," Cite World, July 7, 2014: http://www.citeworld.com/article/2450823/internet-of-things/appirio -f itbit-experiment.html.

60c. P. Olson, "Wearable Tech Is Plugging into Health Insurance," Forbes, June 19, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2014/06/19/wearable-tech-health-insurance/.

61. S. Lohr, "Salesforce Takes Its Cloud Model to Health Care," New York Times, June 26, 2014, http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/06/26/salesforce-takes-its-cloud-model-to-health-care/.

62. M. Sullivan, "Salesforce and Philips Partner in Ambitious Health Data Venture," Venture Beat, June 26, 2014, http://venturebeat.com/2014/06/26/salesforce-com-and-philips-partner-in-ambitious-health-data-venture/.

63. M. Lev-Ram, "What's the Next Big Thing in Big Data?," Fortune, June 2, 2014, http://fortune.com/2014/06/02/fortune-500-big-data/.

64. M. McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy (Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1962).

65. H. Waters, "New $10 Million X Prize Launched for Tricorder-Style Medical Device," Nature 17, no. 7 (2011): 754.

66. A. S. Brown, "Star Trek Comes Back to Earth," The Bent of Tau Beta Pi, Fall 2012, http://www.tbp.org/pubs/Features/F12Brown.pdf.

67. "The Dream of the Medical Tricorder," The Economist, November 29, 2012, http://www.economist .com/news/technolog y-quarterly/215672 08 -medica l-technolog y-hand-held-diagnostic-devices-seen-star-trek-are-inspiring.

68. V. Wadhwa, "Why Our Medicine Will Soon Be Cooler Than Star Trek's," Venture Beat, April 7, 2014, http://venturebeat.com/2014/04/07/why-our-medicine-will-soon-be-cooler-than-star-treks/.

69. "Choosing Wisely: Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question," ABIM Foundation, accessed August 13, 2014, http://www.choosingwisely.org/doctor-patient-lists/.

70. A. Pai, "Survey: One Third of Wearable Device Owners Stopped Using Them Within Six Months," MobiHealthNews, April 3, 2014, http://mobihealthnews.com/31697/survey-one-third-of-wearable-device-owners-stopped-using-them-within-six-months/.

71. "Mobile Thought Leadership," FICO, December 2013, http://www.biztositasiszemle.hu/files/201403/fico_mobile_thought_leadership_brief_global_3035ex.pdf.

72a. C. Miller, "Apple Airs New TV Ad "Strength" Focused on Wearables and Fitness Apps (Video)," 9 to 5 Mac, June 4, 2014, http://9to5mac.com/2014/06/04/apple-airs-new-tv-ad-focused-on-wearables-and-fitness-apps/.

72b. A. D. Marcus, "A Patients' Group Scores a Win in Muscular Dystrophy Drug Research," Wall Street Journal, August 4, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/articles/a-patients-group-scores-a-win-in-muscular-dystrophy-drug-research-1407194541#printMode.

72c. E. Steel, "'Ice Bucket Challenge' Has Raised Millions for ALS Association," New York Times, August 18, 2014, http://www.ny times.com/2014/08/18/business/ice-bucket-challenge-has-raised-millions-for-als-association.html.

73. S. Lohr, "New Curbs Sought on the Personal Data Industry," New York Times, May 28, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/28/technolog y/ftc-urges-legislation-to-shed-more-light-on-data-collection.html.

74a. A. Ekert and R. Renner, "The Ultimate Physical Limits of Privacy," Nature 507 (2014):443– 447.

74b. S. Gottlieb and C. K lasmeier, "Why Your Phone Isn't as Smart as It Could Be," Wall Street Journal, August 7, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/articles/scott-gottlieb-and-coleen-klasmeier-why-your-phone-isnt-as-smart-as-it-could-be-1407369163#printMode.

74c. S. Fellay, "Changing the Rules of Health Care: Mobile Health and Challenges for Regulation," A merican Enterprise Institute, August 4, 2014, http://www.aei.org/paper/economics/innovation/technology/changing-the-rules-of-health-care-mobile-health-and-challenges-for-regulation/.

75a. R. Hurley, "Can Doctors Reduce Harmful Medical Overuse Worldwide?," British Medical Journal 349 (2014): g4289.

75b. E. Dwoskin, "Big Data's High-Priests of Algorithms," Wall Street Journal, August 8, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/articles/academic-researchers-find-lucrative-work-as-big-data-scientists-1407543088#printMode.

Назад: Благодарности
На главную: Предисловие