Гражданин под прицелом: общественная жизнь

С. 237 …две трети взрослых американцев…: Andrew Perrin. Social Media Usage: 2005–2015 // Pew Research Center. 2015. Octo-

ber 8. www.pewinternet.org/2015/10/08/social-networking-usage-2005–2015/.

…в среднем проводят здесь 39 минут в день…: Victor Luckerson. Here’s How Facebook’s News Feed Actually Works // Time. 2015. July 9. http://time.com/3950525/facebook-news-feed-algorithm/.

Почти половина пользователей…: Michael Barthel, Elisa Shearer, Jeffrey Gottfried, Amy Mitchell. The Evolving Role of News on Twitter and Facebook // Pew Research Center. 2015. July 14. www.journalism.org/2015/07/14/the-evolving-role-of-news-on-twitter-and-facebook/.

…Facebook экспериментировал с инструментом под названием «мегафон избирателя»…: Robert Bond, Christopher Fariss, Jason Jones, Adam Kramer, Cameron Marlow, Jaime Settle, James Fowler. A 61-Million-Person Experiment in Social Influence and Political Mobilization // Nature. 489. 2012. September 13. Р. 295–298. doi:10.1038/nature11421.

…тихое удовлетворение от выполнения гражданского долга…: Alan Gerber, Donald Green, Christopher Larimer. Social Pressure and Voter Turnout: Evidence from a Large-Scale Field Experiment // American Political Science Review 102. No. 1. 2008. February. Р. 33–48. doi:10.1017/S 000305540808009X.

С. 238 …наводняют Вашингтон лоббистами…: Derek Willis, Claire Cain Miller. Tech Firms and Lobbyists: Now Intertwined, but Not Eager to Reveal It // New York Times. 2014. September 24. www.nytimes.com/2014/09/25/upshot/tech-firms-and-lobbyists-now-intertwined-but-not-eager-to-reveal-it.html?_r=0.

…исследователи пришли к выводу, что Facebook увеличил явку на 340 тысяч человек: Bond et al. 61-Million-Person Experiment.

С. 239 В конце концов, Джордж Буш-младший…: David Barstow, Don Van Natta Jr. Examining the Vote; How Bush Took Florida: Mining the Overseas Absentee Vote // New York Times. 2001. July 15. www.nytimes.com/2001/07/15/us/examining-the-vote-how-bush-took-florida-mining-the-overseas-absentee-vote.html.

С. 240 …изменил алгоритм формирования новостной ленты…: Eytan Bakshy, Solomon Messing, Lada Adamic. Exposure to Ideologically Diverse News and Opinion // Science 348. No. 6239. 2015. May 7. Р. 1130–1032. doi:10.1126/science.aaa1160.

…говорит Лада Адамич…: Lada Adamic. When Friends Deliver the Newspaper: YouTube video, originally given at O’Reilly’s Foo Camp. 2013. November 25. Accessed 2016, January 10. www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2wv-oVC 9sE&list=UU 0XEyA5oRIKnp7jkGrYw8ZQ-I.

С. 241 …Кэрри Карахалиос из Университета Иллинойса…: Luckerson. Here’s How.

…поставили эксперимент на 680 тысячах пользователей Facebook…: Adam Kramer, Jamie Guillory, Jeffrey Hancock. Experimental Evidence of Massive-Scale Emotional Contagion through Social Networks // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111. No. 24. 2014. June 2. P. 8788–8790. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1320040111.

С. 242 В недавнем эксперименте Роберт Эпштейн и Рональд Робертсон предложили…: Robert Epstein, Ronald Robertson. The Search Engine Manipulation Effect (SEME) and Its Possible Impact on the Outcomes of Elections // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112. No. 33. 2015. August 18. P. E 4512–E 4521. doi:10.1073/pnas.1419828112.

С. 243 Около 73 % американцев…: Kristin Purcell, Joanna Brenner, Lee Rainie. Search Engine Use 2012 // Pew Research Center. 2012. March 9. www.pewinternet.org/2012/03/09/search-engine-use-2012/.

…Ромни отправился в Бока-Ратон…: Dave Gilson. Who Was at Romney’s ‘47 Percent’ Fundraiser? // Mother Jones. 2012. September 18. www.motherjones.com/mojo/2012/09/romney-47-percent-fundraiser-florida.

С. 245 Презрительные замечания Ромни были засняты одним из барменов…: David Corn. Meet Scott Prouty, the 47 Percent Video Source // Mother Jones. 2013. March 13. www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/03/scott-prouty-47-percent-video.

…эта промашка лишила Ромни шансов победить…: Henry Blodget. Bloomberg: Mitt Romney Just Lost the Election // Business Insider. 2012. September 17. www.businessinsider.com/mitt-romney-just-lost-the-election-2012–9.

С. 246 В книге «Как продать президента», посвященной кампании Ричарда Никсона…: Joe McGinniss. The Selling of the President 1968. New York: Trident Press, 1969.

С. 247 …специалист по анализу данных Раид Гани…: excerpted on Straight Dope Message Board. Accessed 2016, January 9. http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/archive/index.php/t-617517.html.

…в рамках избирательной кампании Обамы: Alexis Madrigal. What the Obama Campaign’s Chief Data Scientist Is Up to Now // Atlantic Monthly. 2013. May 8. www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/05/what-the-obama-campaigns-chief-data-scientist-is-up-to-now/275676/.

…в лаборатории Accenture в Чикаго…: Chad Cumby, Andrew Fano, Rayid Ghani, Marko Krema. Predicting Customer Shopping Lists from Point-of-Sale Purchase Data // paper presented at the Proceedings of the Tenth ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. Seattle, 2004. doi:10.1145/1014052.1014098.

С. 250 …каждая кампания разработала профили американских избирателей: Sasha Issenberg. How President Obama’s Campaign Used Big Data to Rally Individual Voters // Technology Review. 2012. December 19. www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/509026/how-obamas-team-used-big-data-to-rally-voters/.

С. 251 Четыре года спустя кампания Хиллари Клинтон…: Adam Pasick, Tim FernHolz. The Stealthy, Eric Schmidt-Backed Startup That’s Working to Put Hillary Clinton in the White House // Quartz. 2015. October 9. http://qz.com/520652/groundwork-eric-schmidt-startup-working-for-hillary-clinton-campaign/.

В конце 2015 года британская газета Guardian сообщила…: Harry Davies. Ted Cruz Using Firm That Harvested Data on Millions of Unwitting Facebook Users // Guardian. 2015. December 11. www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/dec/11/senator-ted-cruz-president-campaign-facebook-user-data.

С. 252 …встреча Республиканской еврейской коалиции…: Tom Hamburger. Cruz Campaign Credits Psychological Data and Analytics for Its Rising Success // Washington Post. 2015. December 13. www.washingtonpost.com/politics/cruz-campaign-credits-psychological-data-and-analytics-for-its-rising-success/2015/12/13/4cb0baf8–9dc5–11e5-bce4–708fe33e3288_story.html.

С. 254 …«Центр за медицинский прогресс»…: Eugene Scott. Anti-abortion Group Releases Fifth Planned Parenthood Video // CNN. 2015. August 5. www.cnn.com/2015/08/04/politics/planned-parenthood-fifth-video-houston/.

Расследование, проведенное позже…: Jackie Calmes. Planned Parenthood Videos Were Altered, Analysis Finds // New York Times. 2015. August 27. www.nytimes.com/2015/08/28/us/abortion-planned-parenthood-videos.html; www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/nov/29/suspect-in-planned-parenthood-attack-said-no-more-baby-parts-after-arrest.

С. 255 По словам Зейнеп Тюфекджи…: Зейнеп Тюфекджи, телефонное интервью с автором, 3 апреля 2015 года.

…более 43 % республиканцев…: Peter Schroeder. Poll: 43 Percent of Republicans Believe Obama Is a Muslim // Hill. 2015. September 13. http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/253515-poll-43-percent-of-republicans-believe-obama-is-a-muslim.

С. 256 …тратят в среднем 75 % своего рекламного бюджета…: Elizabeth Wilner. Romney and Republicans Outspent Obama, but Couldn’t Out-advertise Him // Advertising Age. 2012. November 9. http://adage.com/article/campaign-trail/romney-outspent-obama-advertise/238241/.

…такие рекламные компании, как нью-йоркская Simulmedia…: Steven Perlberg. Targeted Ads? TV Can Do That Now Too // Wall Street Journal. 2014. November 20. www.wsj.com/articles/targeted-ads-tv-can-do-that-now-too-1416506504.