Книга: Без своего мнения. Как Google, Facebook, Amazon и Apple лишают вас индивидуальности
Назад: Благодарности
Дальше: Примечания

Источники

Глава 1: Долина едина, и мир един
1. Tom Wolfe, The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1968), 2, 11.
2. Подробности биографии Бранда я в основном почерпнул из трех превосходных книг: Fred Turner, From Counterculture to Cyberculture (University of Chicago Press, 2006); John Markoff, What the Dormouse Said (Viking Penguin, 2005); Walter Isaacson, The Innovators (Simon & Schuster, 2014).
3. Turner, 59.
4. Sherry L. Smith, Hippies, Indians, and the Fight for Red Power (Oxford University Press, 2012), 52.
5. Charles Perry, The Haight-Ashbury (Random House, 1984), 19.
6. Markoff, 61.
7. Wolfe, 12.
8. Isaacson, 268.
9. Turner, 11.
10. Turner, 2.
11. Paul E. Ceruzzi, A History of Modern Computing (MIT Press, 2003), 34–35.
12. Ceruzzi, 12.
13. Theodore Roszak, From Satori to Silicon Valley (Don’t Call It Frisco Press, 1986), 16–17.
14. Judson Jerome, Families of Eden (Seabury Press, 1974), 18.
15. “From Counterculture to Cyberculture: The Legacy of the Whole Earth Catalog,” Stanford University symposium, November 9, 2006.
16. Стив Джобс, речь перед выпускниками Стэнфордского университета, 12 июня 2005 г.
17. Whole Earth Catalog, Fall 1968.
18. Последний выпуск Whole Earth Catalog, Fall 1968.
19. Turner, 73.
20. Katherine Fulton, “How Stewart Brand Learns,” Los Angeles Times, October 30, 1994.
21. Stewart Brand, “Spacewar: Fanatic Life and Symbolic Death Among the Computer Bums,” Rolling Stone, December 7, 1972.
22. Brand, “Spacewar.”
23. Stewart Brand, II Cybernetic Frontiers (Random House, 1974).
24. Turner, 121.
25. Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media (McGraw-Hill, 1964), 3.
26. Eric McLuhan and Frank Zingrone, eds., Essential McLuhan (Basic Books, 1995), 92.
27. McLuhan, 80.
28. Isaacson, 261.
29. Tim Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web (HarperCollins, 1999), 209.
30. Linus Torvalds, Just for Fun (HarperCollins, 2001), 227.
31. Tim Wu, The Master Switch (Alfred A. Knopf, 2010), 8.
32. Ron Chernow, The House of Morgan (Atlantic Monthly Press, 1990), 54.
33. Peter Thiel, Zero to One (Crown Business, 2014), 35.
34. Thiel, 32.
35. Alexia Tsotsis, “Marc Andreessen On The Future Of Enterprise,” TechCrunch, January 27, 2013.
Глава 2. История по версии Google
36. Ларри Пейдж, выступление перед выпускниками Университета штата Мичиган 2 мая 2009 г. Мои сведения о Карле Пейдже в основном почерпнуты из интервью с его коллегами по университету, например, с Цзу Вэнь Цзином. Семья Пейджа просила его ближайших друзей не давать интервью журналистам, поэтому они беседовали со мной на условиях анонимности.
37. Verne Kopytoff, “Larry Page’s Connections,” San Francisco Chronicle, December 31, 2000.
38. Larry Page interview, Academy of Achievement, October 28, 2000.
39. David A. Vise and Mark Malseed, The Google Story (Delacorte, 2005), 24.
40. Vise and Malseed, 22.
41. Vise and Malseed, 22.
42. Sherry Turkle, The Second Self (Simon & Schuster, 1984), 247.
43. Ken Auletta, Googled (Penguin Press, 2009), 28, 32.
44. Larry Page, Google I/O 2013 Keynote, May 15, 2013.
45. Larry Page, “Envisioning the Future for Google: Always a Search Engine?” (lecture, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, May 1, 2002.)
46. Steven Levy, “All Eyes on Google,” Newsweek, April 11, 2004.
47. Vise and Malseed, 281.
48. Stephen Gaukroger, Descartes (Oxford University Press, 1995), 1.
49. Steven Nadler, The Philosopher, the Priest, and the Painter (Princeton University Press, 2013), 106.
50. David F. Noble, The Religion of Technology (Alfred A.Knopf, 1997), 144.
51. Nadler, 107.
52. Noble, 145.
53. Noble, 147.
54. Isaacson, 41.
55. Stuart Hampshire, “Undecidables,” London Review of Books, February 16, 1984.
56. Andrew Hodges, Alan Turing (Vintage, 2012), 418.
57. B. Jack Copeland, ed., The Essential Turing (Oxford University Press, 2004), 463.
58. Ray Kurzweil, Ask Ray blog, “My Trip to Brussels, Zurich, Warsaw, and Vienna,” December 14, 2010.
59. Ray Kurzweil, “I’ve Got a Secret,” 1965, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4Neivqp2K4.
60. Стив Рабиновиц цит. по: Transcendent Man, directed by Barry Ptolemy, 2011.
61. Transcendent Man.
62. Ray Kurzweil, The Singularity Is Near (Viking Penguin, 2005), 299.
63. Kurzweil, Singularity, 40.
64. Kurzweil, Singularity, 9.
65. Ray Kurzweil, The Age of Spiritual Machines (Viking Penguin, 1999), 129.
66. Kurzweil, Spiritual Machines, 148.
67. Kurzweil, Spiritual Machines, 147.
68. Петер Диамандис, цит. по: Transcendent Man.
69. Kurzweil, Singularity, 389.
70. Robert M. Geraci, “Apocalyptic AI: Religion and the Promise of Artificial Intelligence,” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 76, no. 1 (March 2008): 158–59.
71. Wendy M. Grossman, “Artificial Intelligence Is Still the Future,” The Inquirer, April 7, 2008.
72. Kurzweil, Singularity, задняя сторона обложки.
73. John Markoff, Machines of Loving Grace (HarperCollins, 2015), 85.
74. Alphabet Inc., Research & Development Expenses, 2015, Google Finance.
75. Josh McHugh, “Google vs. Evil,” Wired, January 2003.
76. Greg Kumparak, “Larry Page Wants Earth to Have a Mad Scientist Island,” TechCrunch, May 15, 2003.
77. Robert D. Hof, “Deep Learning,” Technology Review, www.technologyreview.com/s/513696/deep-learning.
78. Sara Jerome, “Schmidt: Google gets ‘right up to the creepy line’,” The Hill, October 1, 2010.
79. David Rowan, “On the Exponential Curve: Inside Singularity University,” Wired, May 2013.
80. “Google Pledges $3 Million to Singularity University to Make Graduate Studies Program Free of Charge,” Singularity Hub, January 28, 2015.
81. Exponential Advisory Board brochure, Singularity University.
82. “Time Talks to CEO Larry Page About Its New Venture to Extend Human Life,” Time, September 18, 2013.
83. Steven Levy, In the Plex (Simon & Schuster, 2011), 354.
84. Levy, In the Plex, 355.
85. Levy, In the Plex, 353.
86. George Dyson, Turing’s Cathedral (Pantheon, 2012), 312–13.
87. Page, Google Keynote, May 15, 2013.
88. Steven Levy, “Google’s Larry Page on Why Moon Shots Matter,” Wired, January 17, 2013.
89. Levy, Wired, January 17, 2013.
Глава 3. Марк Цукерберг против свободы воли
90. Levy, Hackers (O’Reilly Media, 2010), 29, 96.
91. Markoff, Dormouse, 272.
92. Patrick Gillespie, “Was Mark Zuckerberg an AOL Add-on Developer?” patorjk.com, April 9, 2013.
93. Ben Mezrich, The Accidental Billionaires (Anchor Books, 2009), 49.
94. Levy, Hackers, 475.
95. Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg on stumbles: ‘There’s always a next move,’ ” Today, February 4, 2014.
96. Mark Zuckerberg’s Letter to Investors: ‘The Hacker Way,’ ” Wired, February 1, 2012.
97. David Kirkpatrick, The Facebook Effect (Simon & Schuster, 2010), 144.
98. Kirkpatrick, 209.
99. Kirkpatrick, 199.
100. Kirkpatrick, 200.
101. Kirkpatrick, 254.
102. Marc Andreessen, “Why Software Is Eating the World,” Wall Street Journal, August 20, 2011.
103. Laura M. Holson, “Putting a Bolder Face on Google,” New York Times, February 8, 2009.
104. Ben Thompson, “Why Twitter Must Be Saved,” Stratechery, November 8, 2016.
105. Matthew Stewart, The Courtier and the Heretic (W. W. Norton, 2006), 12.
106. Umberto Eco, The Search for the Perfect Language (Blackwell, 1995), 274.
107. Stewart, 141.
108. Eco, 281.
109. James Gleick, The Information (Pantheon, 2011), 93.
110. John MacCormick, Nine Algorithms That Changed the Future (Princeton University Press, 2012), 3–4.
111. Chris Anderson, “The End of Theory: The Data Deluge Makes the Scientific Method Obsolete,” Wired, June 23, 2008.
112. Constance L. Hays, “What Wal-Mart Knows About Customers’ Habits,” New York Times, November 14, 2004.
113. Latanya Sweeney, “Discrimination in Online Ad Delivery,” Communications of the ACM 56, no. 5 (May 2013): 44–54.
114. Charlie Rose Show, November 7, 2011.
115. Alexandra Chang, “Liveblog: Facebook Reveals a ‘New Look for News Feed’,” Wired, March 7, 2013.
116. Motahhare Eslami, Aimee Rickman, Kristen Vaccaro, Amirhossein Aleyasen, Andy Vuong, Karrie Karahalios, Kevin Hamilton, and Christian Sandvig, “I always assumed that I wasn’t really that close to [her]: Reasoning about Invisible Algorithms in News Feeds,” CHI’15 Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, April 2015, 153–62.
117. Jon Kleinberg and Sendhil Mullainathan, “We Built Them, But We Don’t Understand Them,” Edge, 2015.
118. Tom Simonite, “What Facebook Knows,” Technology Review, June 13, 2012.
119. Adam D. I. Kramer, Jamie E. Guillory, and Jeffrey T. Hancock, “Experimental evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 24 (June 17, 2014): 8788–90.
120. Reed Albergotti, “Facebook Experiments Had Few Limits; Data Science Lab Conducted Tests on Users With Little Oversight,” Wall Street Journal, July 2, 2014.
121. Robert M. Bond, Christopher J. Fariss, Jason J. Jones, Adam D. I. Kramer, Cameron Marlow, Jaime E. Settle, and James H. Fowler, “A 61- Million-Person Experiment in Social Influence and Political Mobilization,” Nature 489, no. 7415 (September 13, 2012): 295–98.
122. Michal Kosinski, David Stillwell, and Thore Graepel, “Private traits and attributes are predictable from digital records of human behavior,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 15 (April 9, 2013), 5802–5.
123. Michael Rundle, “Zuckerberg: telepathy is the future of Facebook,” Wired, July 1, 2015.
124. Joanna Plucinska, “How an Algorithm Helped the LAT Scoop Monday’s Quake,” Columbia Journalism Review, March 18, 2014.
Глава 4. Джефф Безос и атака на знание
125. “Jeff Bezos in Conversation with Steven Levy,” Wired Business Conference, June 15, 2009.
126. Brad Stone, The Everything Store (Little, Brown and Company, 2013), 24.
127. Рассуждая об экономике знания, я опирался на превосходный труд Дэвида Уорша: David Warsh Knowledge and the Wealth of Nations (W.W. Norton, 2006).
128. Paul M. Romer, “Endogenous Technological Change,” Journal of Political Economy 98, no. 5 (October 1990): S71–102.
129. Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free (McSweeney’s, 2014), 41.
130. Lawrence Lessig, The Future of Ideas (Random House, 2001), 14.
131. Kevin Kelly, New Rules for the New Economy (Viking Penguin, 1998), 40.
132. Astra Taylor, The People’s Platform (Metropolitan Books, 2014), 204.
133. Paul Mason, Postcapitalism (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015), 125.
134. Herbert A. Simon, “Designing Organizations for an Information-Rich World,” in Martin Greenberger, ed., Computers, Communications, and the Public Interest (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1971), 40.
135. Gleick, 410.
136. Chris Ruen, Freeloading (OR Books, 2012), 7.
137. Robert Levine, Free Ride (Doubleday, 2011), 9.
138. Scott Cleland, “Grand Theft Auto-mated,” Forbes, November 30, 2011.
139. Марк Цукерберг, пост на Facebook от 12 ноября 2016 г.
Глава 5. Стражи небесных врат
140. Staci D.Kramer, “Don Graham on the Sale of The Washington Post, Jeff Bezos, and the Pace of Newsroom Innovation,” NiemanLab, August 6, 2013.
141. David Manning White, “The ‘Gate Keeper’: A Case Study in the Selection of News,” Journalism Quarterly 27 (December 1950): 383–90.
142. Walter Lippmann, Liberty and the News (Harcourt, Brace and Howe, 1920), 7.
143. John B. Judis, The Paradox of American Democracy (Pantheon, 2000), 23.
144. Judis, Paradox, 22.
145. Katharine Graham, Personal History (Alfred A. Knopf, 1997), 465.
146. David Halberstam, The Powers That Be (Knopf, 1975), 188.
147. Jeff Bezos, Letter to Amazon shareholders, 2011.
148. Thomas L. Friedman, “Do You Want the Good News First?” New York Times, May 19, 2012.
149. Bezos, Letter, 2011.
150. Bezos, Letter to shareholders, 2011.
151. Jeff Bezos, “Jeff Bezos on Post Purchase,” Washington Post, August 5, 2013.
152. George Packer, “Cheap Words,” New Yorker, February 17, 2014.
153. Stone, Everything, 243.
154. Daniel Lyons, “Why Bezos Was Surprised by the Kindle’s Success,” Newsweek, December 20, 2009.
155. Ben H. Bagdikian, The New Media Monopoly (Beacon Press, 2004), 121.
156. Bagdikian, 16.
157. Wu, Master Switch, 219–21.
158. Robert W. McChesney and John Nichols, The Death and Life of American Journalism (Nation Books, 2010), 152.
159. André Schiffrin, The Business of Books (Verso, 2000), 1.
160. Bennett Cerf, At Random (Random House, 1977), 285.
Глава 6. Тайный совет технологических гигантов
161. Tom Standage, The Victorian Internet (Bloomsbury, 2014), 215.
162. Paul Starr, The Creation of the Media (Basic Books, 2004), 171–73.
163. Starr, 176.
164. Menahem Blondheim, News over the Wires (Harvard University Press, 1994), viii.
165. Blondheim, 151.
166. David Hochfelder, The Telegraph in America, 1832–1920 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012), 44.
167. Starr, 177.
168. Wu, Master Switch, 22.
169. Starr, 187.
170. Jonathan Zittrain, “Facebook Could Decide an Election Without Anyone Ever Finding Out,” New Republic, June 1, 2014.
171. Joshua Green, “Google’s Eric Schmidt Invests in Obama’s Big Data Brains,” BloombergBusinessweek, May 31, 2013.
172. “Obama for America uses Google Analytics to democratize rapid, data-driven decision making,” Google Analytics Case Study, 2013.
173. Steve Lohr and David Streitfeld, “Data Engineer in Google Case Is Identified,” New York Times, April 30, 2012; David Streitfeld, “Google Is Faulted for Impeding U.S. Inquiry on Data Collection,” New York Times, April 14, 2012.
174. Robert Epstein, “How Google Could Rig the 2016 Election,” Politico, August 19, 2015; Robert Epstein and Ronald E. Robertson, “The Search Engine Manipulation Effect (SEME) and Its Possible Impact on the Outcomes of Elections,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 33 (August 18, 2015): E4512–21.
175. Les Brown, “Subliminal Ad Pops Up in National TV Promotion,” New York Times, December 27, 1973.
Глава 7. Вирус виральности
176. Greg Bensinger, “Competing with Amazon on Amazon,” Wall Street Journal, July 27, 2012.
177. Jonah Peretti, “Mormons, Mullets, and Maniacs,” New York Viral Media Meetup, August 12, 2010.
178. Michael Schudson, The Sociology of News (W. W. Norton, 2011), 73.
179. John Morton Blum, ed., Public Philosopher: Selected Letters of Walter Lippmann (Ticknor & Fields, 1985), 133–34.
180. Lippmann, Liberty and the News, 5.
181. Robert Darnton, “Writing News and Telling Stories,” Daedalus 104, no. 2 (Spring 1975): 175–94.
182. Taylor, 87.
183. “The Worst Jobs of 2015,” CareerCast.com.
184. Andy Serwer, “Inside the Mind of Jonah Peretti,” Fortune, December 5, 2013.
185. James Fallows, “Learning to Love the (Shallow, Divisive, Unreliable) New Media,” Atlantic, April 2011.
186. “Innovation,” New York Times, March 24, 2014.
187. “Hello again,” Joshua Topolsky blog, July 11, 2015.
188. Andrew Sullivan, “Guess Which Buzzfeed Piece Is An Ad,” The Dish blog, February 21, 2013.
Глава 8. Смерть автора
189. Evan Osnos, “Embrace the Irony,” New Yorker, October 13, 2014.
190. Simon van Zuylen-Wood, “Larry Lessig, Off the Grid,” New Republic, February 5, 2014.
191. Lawrence Lessig, “Laws That Choke Creativity,” TED, March 2007.
192. T. S. Eliot, Selected Essays 1917–1932 (Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1932), 182.
193. Taylor, 23.
194. Robert Levine, Free Ride (Doubleday, 2011), 84.
195. Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus (Penguin, 2010), 82.
196. Thomas L. Friedman, “Collaborate vs. Collaborate,” New York Times, January 12, 2013.
197. Thomas Aquinas, Basic Writings of St. Thomas Aquinas, vol. 1, ed. Anton C. Pegis (Random House, 1945), 312.
198. Mark Rose, Authors and Owners (Harvard University Press, 1993), 18.
199. Percy Lubbock, ed., The Letters of Henry James: Volume 1 (Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1920), 424.
200. William Wordsworth, The Poems of William Wordsworth (Methuen and Co., 1908), 516.
201. Martha Woodmansee and Peter Jaszi, eds., The Construction of Authorship (Duke University Press, 1994), 5.
202. Siva Vaidhyanathan, Copyrights and Copywrongs (New York University Press, 2001), 50.
203. Vaidhyanathan, 45.
204. Robert Spoo, Without Copyrights (Oxford University Press, 2013), 42.
205. Jenny Hartley, ed., The Selected Letters of Charles Dickens (Oxford University Press, 2012), 96.
206. Rudyard Kipling, Kipling’s America: Travel Letters, 1889–1895, ed. D. H. Stewart (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003), xx.
207. Henry Holt, “The Commercialization of Literature,” Atlantic Monthly, November 1905.
208. Frederick Anderson, Lin Salamo, Bernard L. Stein, eds., Mark Twain’s Notebooks & Journals, Volume II, 1877–1883 (University of California Press, 1975), 414.
209. John William Crowley, The Dean of American Letters (University of Massachusetts Press, 1999), 11.
210. Crowley, 11.
211. Holt, “Commercialization of Literature.”
212. Ernest Hemingway, Green Hills of Africa (Scribner, 2015), 50.
213. James L. W. West III, ed., F. Scott Fitzgerald, My Lost City: Personal Essays, 1920–1940 (Cambridge University Press, 2005), 189.
214. William J. Quirk, “Living on $500,000 a Year,” American Scholar, Autumn 2009.
215. Alfred Kazin, Starting Out in the Thirties (Atlantic Monthly Press, 1962), 15.
216. Lewis A. Coser, Charles Kadushin, Walter W. Powell, Books: The Culture and Commerce of Publishing (University of Chicago Press, 1985), 233.
217. Authors Guild, “The Wages of Writing,” 2015 Member Survey, September 2015.
218. William J. Baumol and William G. Bowen, Performing Arts (Twentieth Century Fund, 1966).
219. Jason Epstein, Book Business (W.W. Norton, 2001), 1.
220. “Chris Anderson on the Economics of ‘Free,’ ” Der Spiegel, July 28, 2009.
221. Kevin Kelly, What Technology Wants (Viking, 2010), 237.
222. Kevin Kelly, “Scan This Book!” New York Times Magazine, May 14, 2006.
223. Kelly, “Scan This Book!”
224. Evgeny Morozov, To Save Everything, Click Here (PublicAffairs, 2013), 292.
Глава 9. В поисках ангела данных
225. Shane Greenstein, How the Internet Became Commercial (Princeton University Press, 2015). Излагая историю приватизации Интернета, я в основном опирался на этот источник.
226. Ceruzzi, 321.
227. “Competition and Deregulation: Striking the Right Balance,” Remarks of William E. Kennard, United States Telecom Association Annual Convention, October 18, 1999.
228. Wu, Master Switch, 6.
229. Bruce Schneier, Data and Goliath (W. W. Norton, 2015), 2.
230. Schneier, 22.
231. Carl Shapiro and Hal R. Varian, Information Rules (Harvard Business School Press, 1999), 175.
232. Ariel Ezrachi and Maurice E. Stucke, Virtual Competition (Harvard University Press, 2016), 71.
233. Thurman W. Arnold, The Folklore of Capitalism (Beard Books, 2000), 66.
234. Arnold, 217.
235. Nomination of Thurman W. Arnold, Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 75th Congress, 3rd session, March 11, 1938, 5.
236. Michael J. Sandel, Democracy’s Discontent (Harvard University Press, 1996), 241.
237. Sandel, 240.
238. “Too Much of a Good Thing,” Economist, March 26, 2016.
239. K. Sabeel Rahman and Lina Khan, “Restoring Competition in the U.S. Economy,” Roosevelt Institute Report, June 2016.
240. Jeffrey Rosen, Louis D. Brandeis (Yale University Press, 2016), 48.
241. Neil Richards, Intellectual Privacy (Oxford) University Press, 2015), 95.
242. Rosen, 22.
243. Louis D. Brandeis and Norman Hapgood, Other People’s Money (F. A. Stokes, 1914), 142.
244. Stone, 290–91.
245. Robb Mandelbaum, “When Amazon Collects Sales Tax, Some Shoppers Head Elsewhere,” New York Times, April 28, 2014.
246. Stone, 287.
247. Stone, 294.
248. Harry Davies and Simon Marks, “Revealed: How Project Goldcrest Helped Amazon Avoid Huge Sums in Tax,” Guardian, February 18, 2016; Simon Marks, “Amazon: How the World’s Largest Retailer Keeps Tax Collectors at Bay,” Newsweek, July 13, 2016.
249. Davies and Marks, “Revealed”; Gaspard Sebag and David Kocieniewski, “What Is Amazon’s Core Tech Worth? Depends on Which Taxman Asks,” BloombergTechnology, August 22, 2016.
250. “Fortune 500 Companies Hold a Record $2.4 Trillion Offshore,” Citizens for Tax Justice, March 3, 2016.
251. “Facebook’s Multi-Billion Dollar Tax Break,” Citizens for Tax Justice, February 14, 2013.
252. David Leonhardt, “The Big Companies That Avoid Taxes,” New York Times, October 18, 2016.
253. David Dayen, “The Android Administration,” Intercept, April 22, 2016.
254. “Mission Creep-y,” Public Citizen report, November 2014.
255. Dayen, “Android Administration.”
256. Brody Mullins, Rolfe Winkler, and Brent Kendall, “Inside the U.S. Antitrust Probe of Google,” Wall Street Journal, March 19, 2015.
257. McChesney and Nichols, Death and Life, 151.
Глава 10. Органический разум
258. Warren J. Belasco, Appetite for Change (Cornell University Press, 2007), 62.
259. Belasco, 49.
260. Belasco, 48.
261. Michael Pollan, “The Food Movement, Rising,” New York Review of Books, June 10, 2010.
262. Michael Wolff, Television Is the New Television (Portfolio/Penguin, 2015), 50.
263. John Herrman, “Mutually Assured Content,” The Awl, July 30, 2015.
264. Wolff, 73.
265. Taylor, 184.
266. George Orwell, “Books v. Cigarettes,” The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell (Harcourt, Brace & World, 1968), 94.
267. Orwell, 95–96.
268. Alan Bilton, Silent Film Comedy and American Culture (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), 16.
269. Public Relations, Edward Bernays and the American Scene (F. W. Faxon Company, 1951), 19.
270. Larry Tye, The Father of Spin (Henry Holt and Company, 1998), 52.
271. Ted Striphas, The Late Age of Print (Columbia University Press, 2009), 29.
272. Striphas, 28.
273. Raymond Williams, Keywords (Oxford University Press, 1976), 87.
274. Williams, 87.
275. Rosen, 48.
276. Pierre Bourdieu, Distinction (Harvard University Press, 1984), 6.
Глава 11. Бумажный бунт
277. Kevin Kelly, The Inevitable (Viking, 2016), 81.
278. MG Siegler, “Nicholas Negroponte: The Physical Book Is Dead In 5 Years,” TechCrunch, August 6, 2010.
279. U.S. Publishing Industry’s.
280. Annual Survey Reveals Nearly $28 Billion in Revenue in 2015,” Association of American Publishers, July 11, 2016.
281. Steven Roger Fischer, A History of Reading (Reaktion Books, 2003), 27.
282. Fischer, 202–3.
283. Michel Serres, Conversations on Science, Culture, and Time, trans. Roxanne Lapidus (University of Michigan Press, 1995), 171–72.
* * *

 

 

notes

Назад: Благодарности
Дальше: Примечания

RogerSog
RXNT Electronic Prescribing