194 
    
    Robert Wiebe, The Search for Order, 1877–1920 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1967), 41.
                195 
    
    Richard Hofstadter, Social Darwinism in American Thought (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1944), 32.
                196 
    
    Wiebe, The Search for Order, 1877–1920, 135.
                197 
    
    White, The Republic for Which It Stands, 363.
                198 
    
    David Reynolds, America, Empire of Liberty (London: Allen Lane, 2009), 249–250.
                199 
    
    White, The Republic for Which It Stands, 500.
                200 
    
    Robert J. Gordon, The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U. S. Standard of Living Since the Ci vil War (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016), 219.