См.: Pirenne, Henry. Medieval Cities: Their Origins and The Revival of Trade, Princeton (NJ): Princeton Univ. Press, 1969, p. 64 и Tilly, Charles. ‘Enlargement of European Cities and States’ в: Tilly, Charles and Blockmans, Wimp (ed.) Cities and The Rise of States in Europe, 1000–1800, Oxford: Longman, 1994, p. 16–19.
