Abdullahi Mahadi. The Aftermath of the Jihad in the Central Sudan as a Major Factor in the Volume of the Trans-Saharan Slave Trade in the Nineteenth Century // The Uncommon Market: Essays in the Economic History of the Atlantic Slave Trade / ed. Elizabeth Savage. London: Frank Cass, 1992. P. 111–128; Hawthorne. The Production of Slaves Where There Was no State. P. 108–109.
