См., например: Paul E. Lovejoy. Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
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Walter Rodney. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. London: Bogle-L’Ouverture Publications, 1972; Basil Davidson. Black Mother: The Years of the African Slave Trade. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1961.