Short, J., E. Williams, and B. Christie. The Social Psychology of Telecommunications (London: Wiley, 1976).

Morrill, Calvin, David A. Snow, and Cindy H. White. Together Alone: Personal Relationships in Public Spaces (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005). The term “alone together” in the gaming context is inspired by this social theory text, which describes “social ties that paradoxically blend aspects of durability and brevity, of emotional closeness and distance, of being together and alone.”