Michael A. Reynolds, Shattering Empires: The Clash and Collapse of the Ottoman and Russian Empires, 1908–1918 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 145–147. Anahide Ter Minassian, «Van 1915», in Armenian Van/Vaspurakan, ed. Richard G. Hovannisian (Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda, 2000), 217–218; McCarthy et al., The Armenian Rebellion, 200.
