Pruette, ‘Should Men be Protected?’, 201.

Studlar, ‘Valentino, ‘Optic Intoxication’; Hansen, M., ‘Pleasure, Ambivalence, Identification: Valentino and Female Spectatorship’, Cinema Journal 25/4 (Summer 1986): 6–32; Anger, K., Hollywood Babylon (New York: Bell Publishing, 1981).