Robert B. Cairns and Beverley D. Cairns, Lifelines and Risks: Passages of Youth in Our Time (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994).

Frank F. Furstenberg Jr., Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, and S. Philip Morgan, Adolescent Mothers in Later Life (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987); Frank F. Furstenberg Jr. et al., Managing to Make It: Urban Families and Adolescent Success (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999).