Примечания
Вступление
1. Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York: Vintage Books, 1992), 113.
2. Lewis Mumford, The Story of Utopias (New York: Viking Press, 1962), 26.
Глава 1: Замки
1. Charles Harris Whitaker, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue: Architect and Master of Many Arts (New York: Press of the American Institute of Architects, 1925), 12–13.
2. Ibid, 16; Richard Oliver, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue (New York: Architectural History Foundation; Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1983), 5–6.
3. Whitaker, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, 13.
4. Romy Wyllie, Bertram Goodhue: His Life and Residential Architecture (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007), 27.
5. Oliver, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, 32.
6. Ibid., 38.
7. Ibid., 26.
8. Whitaker, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, 30.
9. Ibid, 31.
10. John Ruskin, The Stones of Venice (New York: J. Wiley, 1877).
11. Stanley Schultz, Constructing Urban Culture: American Cities and City Planning, 1800–1920 (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989), 9.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. John Reps, The Making of Urban America: A History of City Planning in the United States (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965), 487–495.
15. Schultz, Constructing Urban Culture; cf. Reps, Making of Urban America, 13.
16. Chris Petit, «Bombing», in Restless Cities, ed. Mathew Beaumont and Gregory Dary (London: Verso, 2010), 29.
17. Kasia Boddy, «Potting», in Ibid., 214.
18. Ibid., 218.
19. The Project Gutenberg EBook of Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens,
. (Чарлз Диккенс «Большие надежды»)
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Цитируется в Rachel Bowlby, «Commuting», in Beaumont and Dary, Restless Cities, 53.
23. Seth Lerer, Children’s Literature: A Reader’s History, from Aesop to Harry Potter (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008), 257.
24. Oliver, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, 22.
25. Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, Mexican Memories: The Record of a Slight Sojourn Below the Yellow Rio Grande (New York, 1892). 9.
26. Ibid., 16.
27. Ibid., 133.
28. Ibid., 135.
29. Oliver, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, 25.
30. Цитируется в Whitaker, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, 19.
31. Oliver, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, 21.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid., 12.
34. Ibid., 31.
35. Whitaker, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, 42.
36. Kevin Starr, Inventing the Dream: California Through the Progressive Era (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985) 285.
37. Whitaker. Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, 45.
38. Kevin Starr, Material Dreams: Southern California Through the 1920s (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 195.
39. Ibid., 282.
40. Quoted in Starr, Inventing the Dream, 338.
41. Starr, Material Dreams, 210.
42. Peter Hall, Cities of Tomorrow: An Intellectual History of Urban Planning and Design in the Twentieth Century, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1988), 283.
Глава 2: Монументы
1. Thomas S. Hines, Burnham of Chicago: Architect and Planner (New York: Oxford University Press, 1974), xxiii.
2. Ibid., 234–236.
3. Ibid., 3.
4. Ibid. 9.
5. Ibid., 9—12.
6. Ibid., 13–14.
7. Ibid., 17.
8. Ibid., 18.
9. Ibid., xxiii.
10. Ibid., xxiv – xxv.
11. Ibid., 22.
12. Oliver Larkin, Art and Life in America (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1960 [1949]), 285.
13. Hines, Burnham of Chicago, 44–45.
14. Ibid., 47.
15. Ibid., 24–25.
16. Ibid., 69.
17. Ibid., 73, 76, 78.
18. Ibid., 78.
19. Larkin, Art and Life in America, 293.
20. Hines, Burnham of Chicago, 90.
21. Ibid., 71, 89, 92, 112.
22. Ibid., 117.
23. Ibid., 73.
24. Robert Fogelson, Downtown: Its Rise and Fall, 1880–1950 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001), 324.
25. Hines, Burnham of Chicago, xxvi, 120, 123.
26. Ibid., 125.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid., 137.
29. Ibid.
30. Jackson Lears, No Place of Grace: Anti-modernism and the Transformation of American Culture, 1880–1920 (New York: Pantheon, 1981), 189.
31. Hines, Burnham of Chicago, 271.
32. Ibid., 143.
33. Ibid., 145.
34. Ibid., 153–154.
35, Jeremiah B. C. Axelrod, Inventing Autopia: Dreams and Visions of the Modern Metropolis in Jazz Age Los Angeles (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009), 22.
36. Starr, Material Dreams, 263.
37. Charles Mulford Robinson, «Improvement in City Life: Aesthetic Progress», Atlantic Monthly 83 (June 1899). Online at: .
38. Lewis Mumford, Sticks and Stones: A Study of American Architecture and Civilization (New York: Dover Publications, 1955), 130.
39. Hines, Burnham of Chicago, 174.
40. Charles Mulford Robinson, «Improvement in City Life: Aesthetic Progress».
41. Gray Brechin, Imperial San Francisco: Urban Power, Earthly Ruin (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), 178.
42. Ibid., 145.
43. .
44. Hines, Burnham of Chicago, 210.
45. Thomas R. Metcalf, An Imperial Vision: Indian Architecture and Britain’s Raj (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), 176.
46. Le Corbusier, The City of Tomorrow and Its Planning. Originally published as Urbanisme, 1929 (New York: Dover, 1987), 240–241.
Глава 3: Дома-пластины
1. J. K. Birksted, Le Corbusier and the Occult (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009), jacket copy.
2. Ibid., 120, 231.
3. Ibid., 121.
4. Charles Jencks, Le Corbusier and the Tragic View of Architecture (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1973), 32.
5. Birksted, Le Corbusier and the Occult, 10.
6. Ibid.
7. Jencks, Le Corbusier and the Tragic View of Architecture, 24, 54.
8. Norma Evenson, Le Corbusier: The Machine and the Grand Design (New York: G. Braziller, 1970), 7.
9. Ibid., 9.
10. Stanislaus von Moos, «From the «City for 3 Million Inhabitants» to the «Plan Voisin», in Le Corbusier in Perspective, ed. Peter Serenyi (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall,1975), 135.
11. Ibid., 125–238.
12. Jean-Louis Cohen, The Future of Architecture, Since 1889 (New York: Phaidon Press, 2012), 89.
13. Mardges Bacon, Le Corbusier in America: Travels in the Land of the Timid (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001), 155.
14. Cohen, Future of Architecture, 178–179.
15. Evenson, Le Corbusier, 10.
16. Robert Fishman, Urban Utopias in the 20th Century: Ebenezer Howard, Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1977), 14.
17. Evenson, Le Corbusier, 32.
18. Ibid., 13.
19. Reyner Banham, A Concrete Atlantis: U.S. Industrial Building and European Modern Architecture, 1900–1925 (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986), 227.
20. Le Corbusier, The City of Tomorrow and Its Planning, 167.
21. Ibid. 179.
22. Birksted, Le Corbusier and the Occult, 304.
23. Jencks, Le Corbusier and the Tragic View of Architecture, 64.
24. .
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Le Corbusier, City of Tomorrow and Its Planning, 96.
28. Le Corbusier, The Radiant City (New York: the Orion Press, 1967), 148–152.
29. Ibid.
30. Birksted, Le Corbusier and the Occult, 19, 21, 24–25; Cohen, Future of Architecture, 48, 57, 127.
31. Inaki Abalos and Juan Herreros, Tower and Office: From Modernist Theory to Contemporary Practice (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003), 16–19.
32. Jencks, Le Corbusier and the Tragic View, 120.
33. Bacon, Le Corbusier in America, 3.
34. Le Corbusier, The City of Tomorrow and Its Planning, 76.
35. Le Corbusier, City of Tomorrow, 45, 76.
36. Evenson, Le Corbusier, 29.
37. Ibid.
38. Bacon, Le Corbusier in America, 26.
39. Ibid., 159.
40. Fogelson, Downtown: Its Rise and Fall, 1880–1950, 325.
41. Ibid., 345.
42. Ibid., 340.
43. Samuel Zipp, Manhattan Projects: The Rise and Fall of Urban Renewal in Cold War New York (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), 15.
44. To New Horizons (General Motors film, 1940), 19:30.
45. Fogelson, Downtown, 348.
46. Ibid., 350.
47. John R. Short, Alabaster Cities: Urban U.S. Since 1950 (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2006), 79–80.
48. Zipp, Manhattan Projects, 112.
49. Ibid, 78.
50. Ibid., 101.
51. Short, Alabaster Cities, 20.
52. Fogelson, Downtown, 271.
53. Ibid., 278.
54. Ibid., 278.
55. Hilary Ballon and Kenneth T. Jackson, eds. Robert Moses and the Modern City: The Transformation of New York (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007), 124–125.
56. Ibid., 124.
57. Ibid., 97.
58. Robert Caro, The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (New York: Knopf, 1974), 849.
59. Ballon and Jackson, eds. Robert Moses and the Modern City, 97.
60. Ibid., 102.
61. Ibid., 47–49.
62. Ibid., 108.
63. Short, Alabaster Cities, 21–22.
64. Marshall Berman, «Falling», in Beaumont and Dary, Restless Cities, 128.
Глава 4: Усадьбы
1. Patrick J. Meehan, ed., Truth Against the World: Frank Lloyd Wright Speaks for an Organic Architecture (Washington, DC: Preservation Press, 1992), 343.
2. Ibid.
3. Aged 67 in 1935, he was best known: Fishman, Urban Utopias in the 20th Century, 94.
4. Meehan, Truth Against the World, 345.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Myron A. Marty, Communities of Frank Lloyd Wright: Taliesin and Beyond (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2009), 159.
8. Meehan, Truth Against the World, 345.
9. Fishman, Urban Utopias, 129.
10. Ibid., 110.
11. Frank Lloyd Wright, «Broadacre City: A New Community Plan» (1935), in Frank Lloyd Wright: Essential Texts, ed. Robert Twombly (New York: W. W. Norton, 2009), 261.
12. Alvin Rosenbaum, Usonia: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Design for America (Washington, DC: Preservation Press, National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1993), 87.
13. Meehan, Truth Against the World, 345.
14. Wright, Broadacre City, 260.
15. Meehan, Truth Against the World, 345.
16. Wright, Broadacre City, 262.
17. Ibid., 260–261.
18. Hall, Cities of Tomorrow, 89.
19. Fishman, Urban Utopias, 135.
20. Ibid., 123.
21. Twombly, Frank Lloyd Wright: Essential Texts (New York: W. W. Norton, 2009), 259.
22. Frank Lloyd Wright, Autobiography, When Democracy Builds (New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1943).
23. Ibid., 40–41.
24. Ibid.
25. «The greatest architect of the 19th century»: Rosenbaum, Usonia, 75.
26. with whom she had two children: Ibid., 39.
27. Donald Leslie Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright Versus America: the 1930s (Cam bridge, MA: MIT Press, 1990), 6.
28. Bruce Brooks Pfeiffer and Gerald Nordland, eds., Frank Lloyd Wright in the Realm of Ideas (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1988), 166.
29. Fishman, Urban Utopias, 118—19.
30. Ibid., 119.
31. Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright Versus America, 9.
32. Ibid.
33. Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright Versus America, 55.
34. Pfeiffer and Nordland, Frank Lloyd Wright in the Realm of Ideas, 109.
35. Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright Versus America, 158–159.
36. Pfeiffer and Nordland, Frank Lloyd Wright in the Realm of Ideas, 51.
37. Meryle Secrest, Frank Lloyd Wright: A Biography (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 156.
38. Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright Versus America, 61, 63, 64.
39. Ibid., 177.
40. Ibid., 141, 147.
41. «Plan by Frank Lloyd Wright», in City Residential Development: Studies in Planning (University of Chicago Press, May 1916). Marty, Communities of Frank Lloyd Wright, 167.
42. Marty, Communities of Frank Lloyd Wright., 166.
43. Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright Versus America, 129.
44. Rosenbaum, Usonia, 65.
45. Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright Versus America, 110.
46. Marty, Communities of Frank Lloyd Wright, 161–162.
47. Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright Versus America, 112.
48. Ibid., 115.
49. Marty, Communities of Frank Lloyd Wright, 159.
50. Ibid, 163.
51. Pfeiffer and Nordland, Frank Lloyd Wright in the Realm of Ideas, 150.
52. Ibid., 89.
53. Rosenbaum, Usonia, 26–27.
54. Ibid., 99.
55. Ibid, 71, 73.
56. Ibid., 48.
57. Hall, Cities of Tomorrow, 275.
58. Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright Versus America, 134.
59. Joseph Oldenburg, «Ford Homes Historic District History», .
60. Rosenbaum, Usonia, 55–57.
61. Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright Versus America, 137.
62. Ibid.
63. Rosenbaum, Usonia, 92.
64. Ibid., 124.
65. Marty, Communities of Frank Lloyd Wright, 165.
66. Rosenbaum, Usonia, 143.
67. Rosenbaum, Usonia, 143.
68. Marty, Communities of Frank Lloyd Wright, 165.
69. Fishman, Urban Utopias, 95.
70. (Stephen Alexander) Rosenbaum, Usonia, 120.
71. Pfeiffer and Nordland, Frank Lloyd Wright in the Realm of Ideas, 159–160.
72. Rosenbaum, Usonia, 133.
73. Ibid., 180.
74. Ibid., 183.
75. Richard Longstreth, The Drive-in, the Supermarket, and the Transformation of Commercial Space in Los Angeles, 1914–1941 (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999), 134.
76. Greg Hise, Magnetic Los Angeles: Planning the Twentieth Century Metropolis (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), 129.
77. «The Economic Development of Southern California, 1920–1976», in The Aerospace Industry as the Primary Factor in the Industrial Development of Southern California: The Instability of the Aerospace Industry, and the Effects of the Region’s Dependence on It, vol. 1 (Los Angeles: City of Los Angeles, Office of the Mayor: June 1976), 5–6.
78. Becky Nicolaides, «Where the Working Man is Welcomed»: Working-Class
Suburbs in Los Angeles, 1900–1940», in Looking for Los Angeles: Architecture, Film, Photography, and the Urban Landscape, ed. Charles Salas and Michael Roth (Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2001), 76, 77.
79. Ibid., 78.
80. Hise, Magnetic Los Angeles, 129.
81. Ibid., 119, 134.
82. D. J. Waldie, Holy Land: A Suburban Memoir (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1996), 25, 45.
83. Hise, Magnetic Los Angeles, 121, 137–140, 142–147.
84. Ibid., 132, 190.
85. Mike Davis, City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles (New York: Vintage Books, 1992), 161.
86. James R. Wilburn, «Social and Economic Aspects of the Aircraft Industry in Metropolitan Los Angeles During World War II» (докторская диссертация, университет Калифорнии, Лос-Анджелес, 1971), 184–187.
87. Waldie, Holy Land, 160.
88. Исторические источники на сайте Лейквуда: .
89. Davis, City of Quartz, 166.
90. Charles F Waite, «Incorporation Fever: Hysteria or Salvation: An Excerpt from a Report on Incorporation and Annexation in Los Angeles County, Prepared for the Falk Foundation» (Los Angeles: Los Angeles Bureau, Copley Newspapers, July 1952).
91. Davis, City of Quartz, 160–165.
92. John Dutton, New American Urbanism: Re-Forming the Suburban Metropolis (Mila: Skira Editore, 2000), 17.
93. Marty, Communities of Frank Lloyd Wright, 167.
Глава 5: Кораллы
1. Hilary Ballon, «Robert Moses and Urban Renewal: The Title I Program», in Robert Moses and the Modern City: The Transformation of New York, ed. Hilary Ballon and Kenneth Jackson (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007), 97.
2. Robert Fishman, «Revolt of the Urbs: Robert Moses and His Critics», in Ballon and Jackson, Robert Moses and the Modern City, 122.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid., 243.
5. Ibid., 94.
6. Ibid., 124.
7. Ibid., 126.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. .
11. Ballon and Jackson, Robert Moses and the Modern City, 125.
12. Ibid., 124.
13. .
14. Все цитаты, приведенные далее, взяты из книги Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York: Vintage Books, 1992).
15. .
16. .
17. ; ; .
18. A + U, Tokyo, Special Issue, November 1977, 69—152. Перепечатано в журнале Architectural Design 54 (июльавгуст 1984): 70—105. Также в Demetri Porphyrios, ed., Lйon Krier: Houses, Palaces, Cities (London: Academy Publications, 1984); .
19. .
20. Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, and Jeff Speck, Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream (New York: North Point Press, 2000), xi.
21. Ibid., 160.
22. Ibid., 15.
23. Ibid., 156.
24. Ibid., 177.
25. Dutton, New American Urbanism, 51–52.
26. Duany, Plater-Zyberk, and Speck, Suburban Nation, 253.
27. Принцип 10 нового урбанизма: .
28. Robert H. Kargon and Arthur P. Molella, Invented Edens: Techno-Cities of the Twentieth Century (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008), 135.
29. Andrew Ross, Celebration Chronicles: Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Property Value in Disney’s New Town (New York: Ballantine Books, 2011), 32.
30. Ibid., 277.
31. Duany, Plater-Zyberk, and Speck, Suburban Nation, 210–211.
32. Ibid., 254.
33. Ibid., 210.
34. Dutton, New American Urbanism, 67.
35. .
36. Duany, Plater-Zyberk, and Speck, Suburban Nation, 230.
37. .
38. Dutton, New American Urbanism, 79.
Глава 6: Моллы
1. .
2. Johann Friedrich Geist, Arcades, the History of a Building Type (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1983), 60.
3. Ibid., 4.
4. Walter Benjamin, «The Paris of the Second Empire in Baudelaire», quoted in David S. Ferris, The Cambridge Introduction to Walter Benjamin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 36–37.
5. James J. Farrell, One Nation Under Goods: Malls and the Seductions of American Shopping (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books, 2003), 5.
6. Ferris, Cambridge Introduction to Walter Benjamin, 117.
7. Ibid., 36–37.
8. Ibid., 116.
9. Geist, Arcades, 49.
10. Chuihua Judy Chung and Sze Tsung Leong, eds., Harvard Design School Guide to Shopping (Kӧln: Taschen, 2001), 236.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid., 238.
13. 204 In the wake of Paxton’s achievement: Ibid., 33.
14. Mark Moss, Shopping as an Entertainment Experience (New York: Lexington Books, 2007), xx.
15. Hines, Burnham of Chicago, 303.
16. Farrell, One Nation Under Goods, 8.
17. Victor Gruen, The Heart of Our Cities: The Urban Crisis; Diagnosis and Cure (New York, Simon and Schuster, 1964), 10.
18. M. Jeffrey Hardwick, Mall Maker: Victor Gruen, Architect of an American Dream (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004), 35.
19. Ibid., 72–86.
20. Frances Anderton et al., You Are Here: The Jerde Partnership International (London: Phaidon, 1999), 46.
21. Chung and Leong, Harvard Design School Guide to Shopping, 116.
22. Ibid., photo caption.
23. Farrell, One Nation Under Goods, 27.
24. Ibid., 219–220, 224.
25. Robert Steuteville, «Restoring the Lifeblood to Main Street», .
26. .
27. Margaret Crawford, «The Architect and the Mall», in Anderton et al., You Are Here, 45.
28. .
29. Gruen, Heart of Our Cities, 65.
30. Chung and Leong, Harvard Design School Guide to Shopping, 384.
31. Farrell, One Nation Under Goods, 9—10.
32. Gruen, Heart of Our Cities, 191.
33. Ibid., 28.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid., 19.
36. Ibid., 220
37. Farrell, One Nation Under Goods, 11.
38. Hardwick, Mall Maker, 216–217.
39. Chung and Leong, Harvard Design School Guide to Shopping, 742.
40. Victor Gruen, «The Sad Story of Shopping Centers», Town and Country Planning 46 (1978): 350–352.
41. Chung and Leong, Harvard Design School Guide to Shopping, 746.
42. Joshua Olsen, Better Places, Better Lives: A Biography of James Rouse (Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute, 2003), 242.
43. Ibid., 248–249.
44. Ibid., 268.
45. Moss, Shopping as an Entertainment Experience, 111.
46. Farrell, One Nation Under Goods, 263.
47. Moss, Shopping as an Entertainment Experience, 59.
48. Anderton et al., You Are Here, 46.
49. Jon Jerde, The Jon Jerde Partnership International: Visceral Reality (Milan: l’Arca Edizioni Spa, 1998), 8.
50. Cathie Gandel, Jon Jerde in Japan: Designing the Spaces Between (Glendale, CA: Balcony Press, 2000), 21.
51. Anderton et al., You Are Here, 17.
52. Ibid., 18.
53. Jerde, Jon Jerde Partnership International, 9.
54. Marcy Goodwin, «One Hand Clapping», in John Jerde: Redesigning the City, каталог выставки, организованной Художественным центром Сан-Диего, 2 мая – 7 сентября 1986, стр. 4–5.
55. Ibid., 9.
56. Anderton et al., You Are Here, 18.
57. Goodwin, One Hand Clapping, 8.
58. Jerde, Jon Jerde Partnership International, 10.
59. Ibid., 13.
60. Anderton et al., You Are Here, 9.
61. Jerde, Jon Jerde Partnership International, 43.
62. Moss, Shopping as an Entertainment Experience, 19.
63. Chung and Leong, Harvard Design School Guide to Shopping, 534.
64. Moss, Shopping as an Entertainment Experience, 49.
65. Chung and Leong, Harvard Design School Guide to Shopping, 532.
66. Jerde, Jon Jerde Partnership International, 9.
67. Anderton et al., You Are Here, 129.
68. Chung and Leong, Harvard Design School Guide to Shopping, 403.
69. Gandel, Jon Jerde in Japan, 18.
70. .
71. Jerde, Jon Jerde Partnership International, 11.
72. Anderton et al., You Are Here, 176.
73. Chung and Leong, Harvard Design School Guide to Shopping, 534.
74. Sze Tsung Leong, «Mobility» in Chung and Leong, Harvard Design School Guide to Shopping, 477.
75. Jerde, Jon Jerde Partnership International, 10.
76. Craig Hodgetts, «And Tomorrow… The World?» in Anderton et al., You Are Here, 190.
Глава 7: Хабитаты
1. «Project for Floating Cloud Structures (Cloud Nine)», ca. (1960). Черно-белая фотография на картоне, 15 7/8 x 19 3/4 in. (40,3 x 50,2 cm.) .
2. TK
3. David B. Stewart, The Making of a Modern Japanese Architecture: 1868 to the Present (Tokyo: New York: Kodansha International, 1987), 170.
4. Ibid., 164.
5. Kenzo Tange and Udo Kulturmann, Kenzo Tange: Architecture and Urban Design (New York: Praeger, 1970), 17–27.
6. Stewart, Making of a Modern Japanese Architecture, 175.
7. Ibid, 137.
8. Reyner Banham, Megastructure: Urban Futures of the Recent Past (London: Thames and Hudson, 1976), 47.
9. Stewart, Making of a Modern Japanese Architecture, 179.
10. Rem Koolhaas and Hans Obrist, Project Japan: Metabolism Talks (Koln: Taschen, 2011), B.
11. Ibid., 341.
12. Ibid., 19
13. Stewart, Making of a Modern Japanese Architecture, 179.
14. Banham, Megastructure, 98.
15. Ibid., 100–101.
16. R. Buckminster Fuller, Critical Path (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1981), 333.
17. Ibid., 337.
18. .
19. Banham, Megastructure, 116.
20. Moshe Safdie, The City After the Automobile: An Architect’s Vision (New York: Basic Books, 1997), x.
21. Ibid.
22. Banham, Megastructure, 108.
23. Ibid., 111.
24. Ibid.
25. Safdie, City After the Automobile, 90.
26. Koolhaas, Project Japan, 507.
27. Ibid.
28. Banham, Megastructure, 130.
29. Ibid., 196.
30. Ibid., 208–209.
31. Koolhaas and Obrist, Project Japan, 25.
32. Ibid., 209.
33. Ibid., 389.
34. .
35. Foster Catalogue 2001 (Munich; New York: Prestel, 2001), 29.
36. Ibid., 6.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid., 6.
39. .
40. Ibid.
41. 276 the insurance company sold the building in 2007: Fiona Walsh, «Gherkin Sold for 600m», Guardian, February 5, 2007.
notes
