Соответствующие результаты приведены в главе 9 Watts (1999).
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M. Mitchell, J. P. Crutchfield, and P. T. Hraber, “Evolving cellular automata to perform computations – mechanisms and impediments,” Physics D 75 (1994), pp. 361–391; James P. Crutchfield and Melanie Mitchell, “The evolution of emergent computation,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 92 (1995), pp. 10742–10746.