Stuart A. Kauffman, “Metabolic stability and epigenesis in randomly constructed genetic nets,” Journal of Theoretical Biology 22 (1969), pp. 437–467. Популярное изложение этой темы можно найти в книге Stuart A. Kauffman, At Home in the Universe: The Search for Lam of Self Organization and Complexity (Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1995).