1. Toynbee, pp. 10–11.

2. Mark Whittow, The Making of Byzantium, 600-1025 (1996), pp. 321–322.

3. Ibn Fadlan, Ibn Fadlan’s Journey to Russia, trans. Richard N. Frye (2005), pp. 64–65.

4. Ibid., pp. 68–70; Franklin and Shepard, pp. 44–45.

5. Jones, History of the Vikings, p. 260.

6. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 68.

7. Leo the Deacon, p. 156.

8. Wladyslaw Duczko, Viking Rus (2004), pp. 214–215.

9. Toynbee, pp. 499–505; Whittow, pp. 258–259.

10. B. J. Kidd, Documents Illustrative of the History of the Church, vol. 3 (1920), p. 103.

11. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 84.

12. Vasiliev, p. 302.

13. Leo the Deacon, pp. 58, 82.

14. Ostrogorsky, pp. 284–285.

15. Leo the Deacon, p. 83.

16. Ostrogorsky, pp. 284–285; Leo the Deacon, pp. 85–86.

17. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 87. Хронология этих событий не полностью ясна, здесь приведена лишь одна из нескольких вероятных реконструкций. См. также: Whittow, рр. 260–261, and Ostrogorsky, pp. 292–293.

18. Leo the Deacon, pp. 136–141.

19. Ibid., p. 147.

20. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 90.

21. Jones, History of the Vikings, pp. 262–263.

22. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 113.

23. Ibid., pp. 97–98, 116

24. Ibid., p. 117.