1. David Christian, A History of Russia, Inner Asia and Mongolia (1998), p. 248.

2. Procopius, History of the Wars, Secret History, and Buildings, book 3; Wilhelm Barthold, An Historical Geography of Iran, trans. Svat Soucek (1984), pp. 19–20; Thapar, Early India, p. 286.

3. Radha Kumud Mookerji, The Gupta Empire (1969), pp. 70, 74.

4. Sastri, History of South India (1966), p. 109.

5. D. K. Ganguly, The Imperial Guptas and Their Times (1987), pp. 108–109.

6. H. C. Ray, The Dynastic History of Northern India (Early Mediaeval Period),

2d ed., vol. 1 (1973), p. xxxiii; Mookerji, p. 92; Thapar, Early India, p. 286; Hermann Kulke, A History of India, 4th ed. (2004), p. 90.

7. Keay, p. 102; Sastri, History of South India, p. 444.

8. Sastri, History of South India, p. 83.

9. Ibid., p. 117.

10. Michael, pp. 96–97.