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Entries in italics indicate photographs and illustrations.
Abdallah, Muhammad Ahmad bin (Mahdi) 270, 271
Abe, Shinzō 207
abortion 189, 190, 236
Adee, Sally 288–9, 364
ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) 39
aesthetics: humanist 229–30, 233, 234, 238; Middle Ages 228–9, 228
Afghanistan 19, 40, 100, 171, 351
Africa: AIDS crisis in 2–3; borders in 167–8, 169; climate change and 214–15; conquest of 259, 350; Ebola outbreak in 11, 13, 203; Sapiens evolution in savannah of 338, 388–9
Agricultural Revolution: animal welfare and 77, 78–9, 83, 90–6, 363; Bible and 77, 78–9, 90–6, 98; Dataist interpretation of history and 379; intersubjective networks and 156, 157
AIDS 2–3, 11–12, 13, 19
algorithms: concept defined 83–4; Dataism and 367, 368, 381, 384–97; humanism, threat to 309–97 see also Dataism; individualism, threat to 328–46; organisation of societies in algorithmic fashion 160–3; organisms as 83–90, 106–7, 112–14, 117, 118, 121, 124, 125, 126–7, 140, 150–1, 304–5, 327, 328–9, 367, 368, 381, 388; render humans economically and militarily useless 307–27
Allen, Woody 29
Alzheimer’s disease 24, 336
Amazon Corporation 343–4
Amenemhat III 161, 162, 175
Andersson, Professor Leif 231
animals: Agricultural Revolution and 77, 78–9, 83, 90–6, 363; as algorithms 83–90; evolutionary psychology and 78–83; animist and biblical views of 75–8, 90–6; cognition/intelligence, underestimation of 127–31; consciousness and 106–7, 120–32; cooperation and 137–43; domesticated, numbers of 71–2; global biomass of 72; humanism and 98–9, 231; inequality, reaction to 140–1, 142; intersubjective web of meaning and 150; mass extinction of 71–5; mother–infant bond 88–90; soul and 101–2; suffering of 78–83, 82, 231, 286
animist cultures 75–8, 91, 92, 96–7, 173
Annie (musical composition program) 325
Anthropocene 71–99
antibiotics 10, 12, 13, 23, 27, 99, 179, 266, 275, 348
antidepressants 40, 49, 122–4
Apple Corporation 15, 155, 343, 372
art: medieval and humanist attitudes towards 228–30, 228, 233; technology and 323–5
artificial intelligence 48; animal welfare and 99; consciousness and 119; humanism, threat to 309–97; individualism, threat to 328–46; putting brakes on development of 50, 51; renders humans economically and militarily useless 307–27; timescale for human-level 50 see also algorithms; Dataism and under individual area of AI
artificial pancreas 330
Ashurbanipal of Assyria, King 68, 68
Associated Press 313
Auschwitz 257, 376
autonomous cars 114, 114, 163, 312, 322, 341–2, 384–5
Aztec Empire 8–9
Babylon 172–3, 309, 390
Bach, Johann Sebastian 324–5, 358
Bariyapur, Nepal 92
bats: experience of the world 356–7, 358; lending and vampire 204–5
Beane, Billy 321
Bedpost 331
Beethoven, Ludwig van 253, 324; Fifth Symphony and value of experience 257–61, 358, 387–8
Belavezha Accords, 1991 145, 145
Bentham, Jeremy 30, 32, 35
Berlin Conference, 1884 168
Berlin Wall, fall of, 1989 133
Berry, Chuck: ‘Johnny B. Goode’ 257–61, 358, 387, 388
Bible 46; animal kingdom and 76–7, 93–5; Book of Genesis 76–8, 77, Dataism and 381; 93–4, 97; composition of, research into 193–5; evolution and 102; homosexuality and 192–3, 195, 275; large-scale human cooperation and 174; Old Testament 48, 76; power of shaping story 172–3; scholars scan for knowledge 235–6; self-absorption of monotheism and 173, 174; source of authority 275–6; unique nature of humanity, promotes 76–8
biological poverty line 3–6
biotechnology 14, 43–4, 46, 98, 269, 273, 375 see also individual biotech area
Bismarck, Otto von 31, 271
Black Death 6–8, 6, 7, 11, 12
Borges, Jorge Luis: ‘A Problem’ 299–300
Bostrom, Nick 327
Bowden, Mark: Black Hawk Down 255
bowhead whale song, spectrogram of 358, 358
brain: Agricultural Revolution and 156–7, 160; artificial intelligence and 278, 278; biological engineering and 44; brain–computer interfaces 48, 54, 353, 359; consciousness and 105–13, 116, 118–19, 121–4, 125; cyborg engineering and 44–5; Dataism and 368, 393, 395; free will and 282–8; happiness and 37, 38, 41; self and 294–9, 304–5; size of 131, 132; transcranial stimulators and manipulation of 287–90; two hemispheres 291–4
brands 156–7, 159–60, 159, 162
Brezhnev, Leonid 273
Brin, Sergey 28, 336
Buddhism 41, 42, 94, 95, 181, 185, 187, 221, 246, 356
Calico 24, 28
Cambodia 264
Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness, 2012 122
capitalism 28, 183, 206, 208–11, 216–17, 218–19, 251–2, 259, 273–4, 369–73, 383–6, 396 see also economics/economy
Caporreto, Battle of, 1917 301
Catholic Church 147, 183; Donation of Constantine 190–2, 193; economic and technological innovations and 274; marriage and 26; papal infallibility principle 147, 190, 270–1; Protestant revolt against 185–7; religious intolerance and 198; Thirty Years War and 242, 243, 246; turns from creative into reactive force 274–5 see also Bible and Christianity
Ceauçescu, Nicolae 133–4, 134, 135–6, 137
Charlie Hebdo 226
Château de Chambord, Loire Valley, France 62, 62
Chekhov Law 17, 18, 55
child mortality 10, 33, 175
childbirth, narration of 297–8, 297
China 1, 269; biotech and 336; Civil War 263; economic growth and 206, 207, 210; famine in 5, 165–6; Great Leap Forward 5, 165–6, 376; Great Wall of 49, 137–8, 178; liberalism, challenge to 267–8; pollution in 213–14; Taiping Rebellion, 1850–64 271; Three Gorges Dam, building of 163, 188, 196
Chinese river dolphin 188, 196, 395
Christianity: abortion and 189; animal welfare and 90–6; change from creative to reactive force 274–6; economic growth and 205; homosexuality and 192–3, 225–6, 275–6; immortality and 22 see also Bible and Catholic Church
Chukwu 47
CIA 57, 160, 293–4
Clever Hans (horse) 128–30, 129
climate change 20, 73, 151, 213, 214–17, 376, 377, 397
Clinton, Bill 57
Clovis, King of France 227, 227
Cognitive Revolution 156, 352, 378
Cold War 17, 34, 149, 206, 266, 372
cold water experiment (Kahneman) 294–5, 338
colonoscopy study (Kahneman and Redelmeier) 296–7
Columbus, Christopher 197, 359, 380
Communism 5, 56, 57, 98, 149, 165, 166, 171, 181; cooperation and 133–7, 138; Dataism and 369, 370–3, 394, 396; economic growth and 206, 207, 208, 217, 218; liberalism, challenge to 264–6, 271–4; religion and 181, 182, 183; Second World War and 263
computers: algorithms and see algorithms; brain–computer interfaces 48, 54, 287, 353, 359; consciousness and 106, 114, 117–18, 119, 120; Dataism and 368, 375, 388, 389
Confucius 46, 267, 391–2; Analects 269, 270
Congo 9, 10, 15, 19, 168, 206, 257–61, 387, 388
consciousness: animal 106–7, 120–32; as biologically useless by-product of certain brain processes 116–17; brain and locating 105–20; computer and 117–18, 119, 120, 311–12; current scientific thinking on nature of 107–17; denying relevance of 114–16; electrochemical signatures of 118–19; intelligence decoupling from 307–50, 352, 397; manufacturing new states of 360, 362–3, 393; positive psychology and 360; Problem of Other Minds 119–20; self and 294–5; spectrum of 353–9, 359, 360; subjective experience and 110–20; techno-humanism and 352, 353–9
cooperation, intersubjective meaning and 143–51, 155–77; power of human 131–51, 155–77; revolution and 132–7; size of group and 137–43
Cope, David 324–5
credit 201–5
Crusades 146–8, 149, 150–1, 190, 227–8, 240, 305
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly 360
customer-services departments 317–18
cyber warfare 16, 17, 59, 309–10
Cyborg 2 (movie) 334
cyborg engineering 43, 44–5, 66, 275, 276, 310, 334
Cyrus, King of Persia 172, 173
Daoism 181, 221
Darom, Naomi 231
Darwin, Charles: evolutionary theory of 102–3, 252, 271, 372, 391; On the Origin of Species 271, 305, 367
data processing: Agricultural Revolution and 156–60; Catholic Church and 274; centralised and distributed (communism and capitalism) 370–4; consciousness and 106–7, 113, 117; democracy, challenge to 373–7; economy and 368–74; human history viewed as a single data-processing system 377–81, 388; life as 106–7, 113, 117, 368, 377–81, 397; stock exchange and 369–70; value of human experience and 387–9; writing and 157–60 see also algorithms and Dataism
Dataism 366, 367–97; biological embracement of 368; birth of 367–8; computer science and 368; criticism of 393–5; economy and 368–74; humanism, attitude towards 387–8; interpretation of history and 377–80; invisible hand of the data flow, belief in the 385–7; politics and 370–4, 375–6; power/control over data 373–7; privacy and 374, 384–5; religion of 380–5; value of experience and 387–9
Dawkins, Richard 305
de Grey, Aubrey 24, 25, 27
Deadline Corporation 331
death, 21–9 see also immortality
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, The 308–9
Deep Blue 320, 320
Deep Knowledge Ventures 322, 323
DeepMind 321
Dehaene, Stanislas 116
democracy: Dataism and 373–5, 376, 377, 380, 391, 392, 396; evolutionary humanism and 253–4, 262–3; humanist values and 226–8; liberal humanism and 248–50, 262–7, 268; technological challenge to 306, 307–9, 338–41
Dennett, Daniel 116
depression 35–6, 39, 40, 49, 54, 67, 122–4, 123, 251–2, 287, 357, 364
Descartes, René 107
diabetes 15, 27
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 223–4
Dinner, Ed 360
Dix, Otto 253; The War (Der Krieg) (1929–32) 244, 245, 246
DNA: in vitro fertilisation and 52–4; sequencing/testing 52–4, 143, 332–4, 336, 337, 347–8, 392; soul and 105
doctors, replacement by artificial intelligence of 315, 316–17
Donation of Constantine 190–2, 193
drones 288, 293, 309, 310, 310, 311
drugs: computer-assisted methods for research into 323; Ebola and 203; pharmacy automation and 317; psychiatric 39–41, 49, 124
Dua-Khety 175
dualism 184–5, 187
Duchamp, Marcel: Fountain 229–30, 233, 233
Ebola 2, 11, 13, 203
economics/economy: benefits of growth in 201–19; cooperation and 139–40; credit and 201–5; Dataism and 368–73, 378, 383–4, 385–6, 389, 394, 396, 397; happiness and 30, 32, 33, 34–5, 39; humanism and 230, 232, 234, 247–8, 252, 262–3, 267–8, 269, 271, 272, 273; immortality and 28; paradox of historical knowledge and 56–8; technology and 307–8, 309, 311, 313, 318–19, 327, 348, 349
education 39–40, 168–71, 231, 233, 234, 238, 247, 314, 349
Eguía, Francisco de 8
Egypt 1, 3, 67, 91, 98, 141, 142, 158–62, 170, 174–5, 176, 178–9, 206; Lake Fayum engineering project 161–2, 175, 178; life of peasant in ancient 174–5, 176; pharaohs 158–60, 159, 174, 175, 176; Revolution, 2011 137, 250; Sudan and 270
Egyptian Journalists Syndicate 226
Einstein, Albert 102, 253
electromagnetic spectrum 354, 354
Eliot, Charles W. 309
EMI (Experiments in Musical Intelligence) 324–5
Engels, Friedrich 271–2
Enki 93, 157, 323
Epicenter, Stockholm 45
Epicurus 29–30, 33, 35, 41
epilepsy 291–2
Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip 207
eugenics 52–3, 55
European Union 82, 150, 160, 250, 310–11
evolution 37–8, 43, 73–4, 75, 78, 79–83, 86–7, 89, 102–5, 110, 131, 140, 150, 203, 205, 252–3, 260, 282, 283, 297, 305, 338, 359, 360, 388, 391
evolutionary humanism 247–8, 252–7, 260–1, 262–3, 352–3
Facebook 46, 137, 340–1, 386, 387, 392, 393
famine 1–6, 19, 20, 21, 27, 32, 41, 55, 58, 166, 167, 179, 205, 209, 219, 350
famine, plague and war, end of 1–21
First World War, 1914–18 9, 14, 16, 52, 244, 245, 246, 254, 261–2, 300–2, 301, 309, 310
‘Flash Crash’, 2010 313
fMRI scans 108, 118, 143, 160, 282, 332, 334, 355
Foucault, Michel: The History of Sexuality 275–6
France: famine in, 1692–4 3–4, 5; First World War and 9, 14, 16; founding myth of 227, 227; French Revolution 155, 308, 310–11; health care and welfare systems in 30, 31; Second World War and 164, 262–3
France, Anatole 52–3
Frederick the Great, King 141–2
free will 222–3, 230, 247, 281–90, 304, 305, 306, 338
freedom of expression 208, 382, 383
freedom of information 382, 383–4
Freudian psychology 88, 117, 223–4
Furuvik Zoo, Sweden 125–6
Future of Employment, The (Frey/Osborne) 325–6
Gandhi, Indira 264, 266
Gazzaniga, Professor Michael S. 292–3, 295
GDH (gross domestic happiness) 32
GDP (gross domestic product) 30, 32, 34, 207, 262
genetic engineering viii, 23, 25, 41, 44, 48, 50, 52–4, 212, 231, 274, 276, 286, 332–8, 347–8, 353, 359, 369
Germany 36; First World War and 14, 16, 244, 245, 246; migration crisis and 248–9, 250; Second World War and 255–6, 262–3; state pensions and social security in 31
Gilgamesh epic 93
Gillies, Harold 52
global warming 20, 213, 214–17, 376, 377, 397
God: Agricultural Revolution and 95, 96, 97; Book of Genesis and 77, 78, 93–4, 97, 98; Dataism and 381, 382, 386, 389, 390, 393; death of 67, 98, 220, 234, 261, 268; death/immortality and 21, 22, 48; defining religion and 181, 182, 183, 184; evolutionary theory and 102; hides in small print of factual statements 189–90, 195; homosexuality and 192–3, 195, 226, 276; humanism and 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 234–7, 241, 244, 248, 261, 268, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 276, 305, 389, 390–1; intersubjective reality and 143–4, 145, 147–9, 172–3, 179, 181, 182, 183, 184, 189–90, 192–3, 195; Middle Ages, as source of meaning and authority in 222, 224, 227, 228, 235–7, 305; Newton myth and 97, 98; religious fundamentalism and 220, 226, 268, 351; Scientific Revolution and 96, 97, 98, 115; war narratives and 241, 244
gods: Agricultural Revolution and theist 90–6, 97, 98, 156–7; defining religion and 180, 181, 184–5; disappearance of 144–5; dualism and 184–5; Epicurus and 30; humans as (upgrade to Homo Deus) 21, 25, 43–9, 50, 55, 65, 66, 98; humanism and 98; intersubjective reality and 144–5, 150, 155, 156–7, 158–60, 161–3, 176, 178–80, 323, 352; modern covenant and 199–200; new technologies and 268–9; Scientific Revolution and 96–7, 98; spirituality and 184–5; war/famine/plague and 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 19
Google 24, 28, 114, 114, 150, 157, 163, 275, 312, 321, 322, 330, 334–40, 341, 384, 392, 393; Google Baseline Study 335–6; Google Fit 336; Google Flu Trends 335; Google Now 343; Google Ventures 24
Gorbachev, Mikhail 372
Götze, Mario 36, 63
Greece 29–30, 132, 173, 174, 228–9, 240, 265–6, 268, 305
greenhouse gas emissions 215–16
Gregory the Great, Pope 228, 228
guilds 230
hackers 310, 313, 344, 382–3, 393
Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem 287
Hamlet (Shakespeare) 46, 199
HaNasi, Rabbi Yehuda 94
happiness 29–43
Haraway, Donna: ‘A Cyborg Manifesto’ 275–6
Harlow, Harry 89, 90
Harris, Sam 196
Hassabis, Dr Demis 321
Hattin, Battle of, 1187 146, 147
Hayek, Friedrich 369
Heine, Steven J. 354–5
helmets: attention 287–90, 362–3, 364; ‘mind-reading’ 44–5
Henrich, Joseph 354–5
Hercules 43, 176
Herodotus 173, 174
Hinduism 90, 94, 95, 181, 184, 187, 197, 206, 261, 268, 269, 270, 348, 381
Hitler, Adolf 181, 182, 255–6, 352–3, 375
Holocaust 165, 257
Holocene 72
Holy Spirit 227, 227, 228, 228
Homo deus: Homo sapiens upgrade to 43–9, 351–66; techno-humanism and 351–66
Homo sapiens: conquer the world 69, 100–51; end famine, plague and war 1–21; give meaning to the world 153–277; happiness and 29–43; Homo deus, upgrade to 21, 43–9; immortality 21–9; loses control, 279–397; problems with predicting history of 55–64
homosexuality 120, 138–9, 192–3, 195, 225–6, 236, 275
Hong Xiuquan 271
Human Effectiveness Directorate, Ohio 288
humanism 65–7, 98, 198, 219; aesthetics and 228–9, 228, 233, 233, 241–6, 242, 245; economics and 219, 230–1, 232, 232; education system and 231, 233, 233, 234; ethics 223–6, 233; evolutionary see evolutionary humanism; formula for knowledge 237–8, 241–2; homosexuality and 225–6; liberal see liberal humanism; marriage and 223–5; modern industrial farming, justification for 98; nationalism and 248–50; politics/voting and 226–7, 232, 232, 248–50; revolution, humanist 220–77; schism within 246–57; Scientific Revolution gives birth to 96–9; socialist see socialist humanism/socialism; value of experience and 257–61; techno-humanism 351–66; war narratives and 241–6, 242, 245, 253–6; wars of religion, 1914–1991 261–7
hunter-gatherers 34, 60, 75–6, 90, 95, 96–7, 98, 140, 141, 156, 163, 169, 175, 268–9, 322, 355, 360, 361, 378
Hussein, Saddam 18, 310
IBM 315–16, 320, 330
Iliescu, Ion 136, 137
‘imagined orders’ 142–9 see also intersubjective meaning
immigration 248–50
immortality 21–9, 30, 43, 47, 50, 51, 55, 56, 64, 65, 67, 138, 179, 268, 276, 350, 394–5
in vitro fertilisation viii, 52–3
Inanna 157, 323
India: drought and famine in 3; economic growth in modern 205–8, 349; Emergency in, 1975 264, 266; Hindu revival, 19th-century 270, 271, 273; hunter-gatherers in 75–6, 96; liberalism and 264, 265; population growth rate 205–6; Spanish Flu and 9
individualism: evolutionary theory and 103–4; liberal idea of undermined by twenty-first-century science 281–306; liberal idea of undermined by twenty-first-century technology 327–46; self and 294–304, 301, 303
Industrial Revolution 57, 61, 270, 274, 318, 319, 325, 374
inequality 56, 139–43, 262, 323, 346–50, 377, 397
intelligence: animal 81, 82, 99, 127–32; artificial see artificial intelligence; cooperation and 130–1, 137; decoupling from consciousness 307–50, 352, 397; definition of 130–1; development of human 99, 130–1, 137; upgrading human 348–9, 352 see also techo-humanism; value of consciousness and 397
intelligent design 73, 102
internet: distribution of power 374, 383; Internet-of-All-Things 380, 381, 382, 388, 390, 393, 395; rapid rise of 50
intersubjective meaning 143–51, 155–77, 179, 323, 352
Iraq 3, 17, 40, 275
Islam 8, 18, 21, 22, 64, 137, 188, 196, 205, 206, 207, 221, 226, 248, 261, 268, 269, 270, 271, 274, 275, 276, 351, 392; fundamentalist 18, 196, 226, 268, 269, 270, 275, 351 see also Muslims
Islamic State (IS) 275, 351
Isonzo battles, First World War 300–2, 301
Israel 48, 96, 225–6, 249
Italy 262, 300–2, 301
Jainism 94–5
Jamestown, Virginia 298
Japan 30, 31, 33, 34, 207, 246, 349
Jefferson, Thomas 31, 192, 249, 282, 305
Jeopardy! (game show) 315–16, 315
Jesus Christ 91, 155, 183, 187, 271, 274, 297
Jews/Judaism: ancient/biblical 60, 90–1, 94, 172–3, 174, 181, 193, 194–5, 268, 390; animal welfare and 94; expulsions from early modern Europe 197, 198; Great Jewish Revolt (AD 70) 194; homosexuality and 225–6; Second World War and 164–5, 165, 182
Jolie, Angelina 332–3, 335, 347
Jones, Lieutenant Henry 254
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 354–5
Joyce, James: Ulysses 240
JSTOR digital library 383
Jung, Carl 223–4
Kahneman, Daniel 294, 295–6, 338–9
Kasparov, Garry 320–1, 320
Khmer Rouge 264
Khrushchev, Nikita 263, 273–4
Kurzweil, Ray 24, 25, 27; The Singularity is Near 381
Kyoto protocol, 1997 215–16
Lake Fayum engineering project, Egypt 161–2, 175, 178
Larson, Professor Steve 324–5
Law of the Jungle 14–21
lawns 58–64, 62, 63
lawyers, replacement by artificial intelligence of 314
Lea, Tom: That 2,000 Yard Stare (1944) 244, 245, 246
Lenin Academy for Agricultural Sciences 371–2
Lenin, Vladimir 181, 207, 251, 271, 272, 273, 375
Levy, Professor Frank 322
liberal humanism/liberalism 98, 181, 247; contemporary alternatives to 267–77; free will and 281–90, 304; humanism and see humanism; humanist wars of religion, 1914– 1991 and 261–7; individualism, belief in 290–304, 305; meaning of life and 304, 305; schism within humanism and 246–57; science undermines foundations of 281–306; technological challenge to 305–6, 307–50; value of experience and 257–9, 260, 387–8; victory of 265–7
life expectancy 5, 25–7, 32–4, 50
‘logic bombs’ (malicious software codes) 17
Louis XIV, King 4, 64, 227
lucid dreaming 361–2
Luther, Martin 185–7, 275, 276
Luther King, Martin 263–4, 275
Lysenko, Trofim 371–2
MAD (mutual assured destruction) 265
malaria 12, 19, 315
malnutrition 3, 5, 6, 10, 27, 55
Mao Zedong 27, 165, 167, 251, 259, 263, 375
Maris, Bill 24
marriage: artificial intelligence and 337–8, 343; gay 275, 276; humanism and 223–5, 275, 276, 291, 303–4, 338, 364; life expectancy and 26
Marx, Karl/Marxism 56–7, 60, 183, 207, 247–8, 271–4; Communist Manifesto 217; Das Kapital 57, 274
Mattersight Corporation 317–18
Mazzini, Giuseppe 249–50
meaning of life 184, 222, 223, 299–306, 338, 386
Memphis, Egypt 158–9
Mendes, Aristides de Sousa 164–5, 164
Merkel, Angela 248–9
Mesopotamia 93
Mexico 8–9, 11, 263
Michelangelo 27, 253; David 260
Microsoft 15, 157, 330–1; Band 330–1; Cortana 342–3
Mill, John Stuart 35
‘mind-reading’ helmet 44–5
Mindojo 314
MIT 322, 383
modern covenant 199–219, 220
Modi, Narendra 206, 207
money: credit and 201–5; Dataism and 352, 365, 379; intersubjective nature of 144, 145, 171, 177; invention of 157, 158, 352, 379; investment in growth 209–11
mother–infant bond 88–90
Mubarak, Hosni 137
Muhammad 188, 226, 270, 391
Murnane, Professor Richard 322
Museum of Islamic Art, Qatar 64
Muslims: Charlie Hebdo attack and 226; Crusades and 146, 147, 148, 149; economic growth, belief in 206; evaluating success of 174; evolution and 103; expulsions of from early modern Europe 197, 198; free will and 285; lawns and 64; LGBT community and 225 see also Islam
Mussolini, Benito 302
Myanmar 144, 206
Nagel, Thomas 357
nanotechnology 23, 25, 51, 98, 212, 269, 344, 353
National Health Service, UK 334–5
National Salvation Front, Romania 136
NATO 264–5
Naveh, Danny 76, 96
Nayaka people 75–6, 96
Nazism 98, 164–5, 181, 182, 247, 255–7, 262–3, 375, 376, 396
Ne Win, General 144
Neanderthals 49, 156, 261, 273, 356, 378
Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylonia 172–3, 310
Nelson, Shawn 255
New York Times 309, 332–4, 347, 370
New Zealand: Animal Welfare Amendment Act, 2015 122
Newton, Isaac 27, 97–8, 143, 197
Nietzsche, Friedrich 234, 254, 268
non-organic beings 43, 45
Norenzayan, Ara 354–5
Novartis 330
nuclear weapons 15, 16, 17, 17, 131, 149, 163, 216, 265, 372
Nyerere, Julius 166
Oakland Athletics 321
Obama, President Barack 313, 375
obesity 5–6, 18, 54
OncoFinder 323
Ottoman Empire 197, 207
‘Our Boys Didn’t Die in Vain’ syndrome 300–3, 301
Page, Larry 28
paradox of knowledge 55–8
Paris Agreement, 2015 216
Pathway Pharmaceuticals 323
Petsuchos 161–2
Pfungst, Oskar 129
pharmacists 317
pigs, domesticated 79–83, 82, 87–8, 90, 98, 99, 100, 101, 231
Pinker, Steven 305
Pius IX, Pope 270–1
Pixie Scientific 330
plague/infectious disease 1–2, 6–14
politics: automation of 338–41; biochemical pursuit of happiness and 41; liberalism and 226–7, 229, 232, 232, 234, 247–50, 247n, 252; life expectancy and 26–7, 29; revolution and 132–7; speed of change in 58
pollution 20, 176, 213–14, 215–16, 341–2
poverty 3–6, 19, 33, 55, 205–6, 250, 251, 262, 349
Presley, Elvis 159–60, 159
Problem of Other Minds 119–20, 126–7
Protestant Reformation 185–7, 198, 242–4, 242, 243
psychology: evolutionary 82–3; focus of research 353–6, 360–2; Freudian 117; humanism and 223–4, 251–2; positive 360–2
Putin, Vladimir 26, 375
pygmy chimpanzees (bonobos) 138–9
Quantified Self movement 331
quantum physics 103, 170, 182, 234
Qur’an 170, 174, 269, 270
rats, laboratory 38, 39, 101, 122–4, 123, 127–8, 286–7
Redelmeier, Donald 296
relativity, theory of 102, 103, 170
religion: animals and 75–8, 90–8, 173; animist 75–8, 91, 92, 96–7, 173; challenge to liberalism 268; Dataism 367–97 see also Dataism; defining 180–7; ethical judgments 195–7; evolution and see evolution; formula for knowledge 235–7; God, death of 67, 234, 261, 268; humanist ethic and 234–5; monotheist 101–2, 173; science, relationship with 187–95, 197–8; scriptures, belief in 172–4; spirituality and 184–7; theist religions 90–6, 98, 274
revolutions 57, 60, 132–7, 155, 263–4, 308, 310–11
Ritalin 39, 364
robo-rat 286–7
Roman Empire 98, 191, 192, 194, 240, 373
Romanian Revolution, 1989 133–7, 138
Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare) 365–6
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 223, 282, 305
Russian Revolution, 1917 132–3, 136
Rwanda 15
Saarinen, Sharon 53
Saladin 146, 147, 148, 150–1
Santino (chimpanzee) 125–7
Saraswati, Dayananda 270, 271, 273
Scientific Revolution 96–9, 197–8, 212, 236–7, 379
Scotland 4, 303–4, 303
Second World War, 1939–45 21, 34, 55, 115, 164, 253, 262–3, 292
self: animal self-consciousness 124–7; Dataism and 386–7, 392–3; evolutionary theory and 103–4; experiencing and narrating self 294–305, 337, 338–9, 343; free will and 222–3, 230, 247, 281–90, 304, 305, 306, 338; life sciences undermine liberal idea of 281–306, 328–9; monotheism and 173, 174; single authentic self, humanist idea of 226–7, 235–6, 251, 281–306, 328–41, 363–6, 390–1; socialism and self-reflection 251–2; soul and 285; techno-humanism and 363–6; technological challenge to liberal idea of 327–46, 363–6; transcranial stimulator and 289
Seligman, Martin 360
Senusret III 161, 162
September 11 attacks, New York, 2011 18, 374
Shavan, Shlomi 331
Shedet, Egypt 161–2
Silico Medicine 323
Silicon Valley 15, 24, 25, 268, 274, 351, 381
Sima Qian 173, 174
Singapore 32, 207
smallpox 8–9, 10, 11
Snayers, Pieter: Battle of White Mountain 242–4, 243, 246
Sobek 161–2, 163, 171, 178–9
socialist humanism/socialism 247–8, 250–2, 256, 259–60, 261–2, 263, 264, 265, 266–7, 271–4, 325, 351, 376
soul 29, 92, 101–6, 115–16, 128, 130, 132, 138, 146, 147, 148, 150, 160, 184–5, 186, 189, 195, 229, 272, 282, 283, 285, 291, 324, 325, 381
South Korea 33, 151, 264, 266, 294, 349
Soviet Union: communism and 206, 208, 370, 371–2; data processing and 370, 370, 371–2; disappearance/collapse of 132–3, 135, 136, 145, 145, 266; economy and 206, 208, 370, 370, 371–2; Second World War and 263
Spanish Flu 9–10, 11
Sperry, Professor Roger Wolcott 292
St Augustine 275, 276
Stalin, Joseph 26–7, 256, 391
stock exchange 105–10, 203, 210, 294, 313, 369–70, 371
Stone Age 33–4, 60, 74, 80, 131, 155, 156, 157, 163, 176, 261
subjective experience 34, 80, 82–3, 105–17, 143–4, 155, 179, 229, 237, 312, 388, 393
Sudan 270, 271, 273
suicide rates 2, 15, 33
Sumerians 156–8, 159, 162–3, 323
Survivor (TV reality show) 240
Swartz, Aaron 382–3; Guerilla Open Access Manifesto 383
Sylvester I, Pope 190–1
Syria 3, 19, 149, 171, 220, 275, 313
Taiping Rebellion, 1850–64 271
Talwar, Professor Sanjiv 286–7
techno-humanism: definition of 352–3; focus of psychological research and 353–9; human will and 363–6; upgrading of mind 359–66
technology: Dataism and see Dataism; inequality and future 346–50; liberal idea of individual challenged by 327–46; renders humans economically and militarily useless 307–27; techno-humanism and see techno-humanism
Tekmira 203
terrorism 14, 18–19, 226, 288, 290, 311
Tesla 114, 322
Thatcher, Margaret 57, 372
Thiel, Peter 24–5
Third Man, The (movie) 253–4
Thirty Years War, 1618–48 242–3
Three Gorges Dam, 163, 188, 196
Thucydides 173, 174
Toyota 230, 294, 323
transcranial stimulators 44–5, 287–90, 362–3, 364
Tree of Knowledge, biblical 76–7, 77, 97, 98
tuberculosis 9, 19, 23, 24
Turing, Alan 120, 367
Turing Machine 367
Turing Test
120 23andMe 336
Twitter 47, 137, 313, 387
US Army 287–90, 362–3, 364
Uganda 192–3, 195
United States: Dataism and 374; energy usage and happiness levels in 34; evolution, suspicion of within 102; Kyoto protocol, 1997 and 215–16; liberalism, view of within 247n; nuclear weapons and 163; pursuit of happiness and 31; value of life in compared to Afghan life 100; Vietnam War and 264, 265; well-being levels 34
Universal Declaration of Human Rights 21, 24, 31
Urban II, Pope 227–8
Uruk 156–7
Valla, Lorenzo 192
Valle Giulia, Battle of, 1968 263
vampire bats 204–5
Vedas 170, 181, 270
Vietnam War, 1954–75 57, 244, 264, 265
virtual-reality worlds 326–7
VITAL 322–3
Voyager golden record 258–9
Waal, Frans de 140–1
Walter, Jean-Jacques: Gustav Adolph of Sweden at the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631) 242, 243, 244–5
war 1–3, 14–19; humanism and narratives of 241–6, 242, 245, 253–6
Warsaw Pact 264–5
Watson (artificial intelligence system) 315–17, 315, 330
Watson, John 88–9, 90
Waze 341–2
web of meaning 143–9
WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialised, rich and democratic) countries, psychology research focus on 354–5, 359, 360
West Africa: Ebola and 11, 13, 203
‘What Is It Like to Be a Bat?’ (Nagel) 357
White House lawn 62, 62, 63
Wilson, Woodrow 309
Wojcicki, Anne 336
World Cup Final, 2014 36, 37, 63
World Food Conference, Rome, 1974 5
World Health Organization 10, 11, 13
writing: algorithmic organisation of societies and 160–3; invention of 157–60, 379; shaping reality through 163–77
Yersinia pestis 7, 7
Zeus 47, 144–5, 176
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