Книга: Век тревожности. Страхи, надежды, неврозы и поиски душевного покоя
Назад: Об авторе
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ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ

Глава первая

  1. Статистика тревожности и расходов на охрану психического здоровья взята из доклада «Экономические последствия тревожных расстройств в 1990-е гг.» (The Economic Burdens of Anxiety Disorders of the 1990s), опубликованного в The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 60, no. 7 (июль 1999).
  2. Гарвардский эпидемиолог Рональд Кесслер изучает этот вопрос не первое десятилетие. См., например, его статью Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of DSM–IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication // Archives of General Psychiatry 62, no. 6 (июнь 2005): 593–602.
  3. R. C. Kessler et al., «Prevalence and Effects of Mood Disorders on Work Performance in a Nationally Representative Sample of U. S. Workers," The American Journal of Psychiatry 163 (2006): 1561–68. См. также "Economic Burdens".
  4. Статистическое управление Министерства труда США, "Table R67: Number and Percent Distribution of Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Involving Days Away from Work by Nature of Injury or Illness and Number of Days Away from Work, 2001."
  5. Drug Topics, March 2006.
  6. "Taking the Worry Cure," Newsweek, February 24, 2003. См. также Restak, Poe's Heart, 185.
  7. Отчет информационной компании Wolters Kluwer Health, Цит. по: Restak, Poe's Heart, 185.
  8. Mental Health Foundation, In the Face of Fear, April 2009, 3–5.
  9. "Prevalence, Severity, and Unmet Need for Treatment of Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys," The Journal of the American Medical Association 291 (June 2004): 2581–90.
  10. "Prevalence and Incidence Studies of Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Literature," The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 51 (2006): 100–13.
  11. Например, "Global Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression," Psychological Medicine 10 (July 2012): 1–14.
  12. См., напр.: "Content of Family Practice: A Data Bank for Patient Care, Curriculum, and Research in Family Practice — 526, 196 Patient Problems," The Journal of Family Practice 3 (1976): 25–68.
  13. "The Hidden Mental Health Network: Treatment of Mental Illness by Non-psychiatric Physicians," Archives of General Psychiatry 42 (1985): 89–94.
  14. "Panic Disorder: Epidemiology and Primary Care," The Journal of Family Practice 23 (1986): 233–39.
  15. "Quality of Care of Psychotropic Drug Use in Internal Medicine Group Practices," Western Journal of Medicine 14 (1986): 710–14.
  16. См., напр.: Peter D. Kramer, "Tapping the Mood Gene," The New York Times, July 26, 2003. См. также Restak, Poe's Heart, 204–12.
  17. Thomas Insel, "Heeding Anxiety's Call" (lecture, May 19, 2005).
  18. Roccatagliata, History of Ancient Psychiatry, 38.
  19. Maurice Charlton, "Psychiatry and Ancient Medicine," in Historical Derivations of Modern Psychiatry, 16.
  20. Charlton, "Psychiatry and Ancient Medicine," 12.
  21. Cм., напр.: Rachel Yehuda et al., "Transgenerational Effects of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Babies of Mothers Exposed to the World Trade Center Attacks During Pregnancy," The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolisim 90, no. 7 (July 2005): 4115 Rachel Yehuda et al., "Gene Expression Patterns Associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following Exposure to the World Trade Center Attacks," Biological Psychiatry 66 (7) (2009): 708–11.
  22. Цит. по: Hunt, Story of Psychology, 72.
  23. См., напр.: "The Relationship Between Intelligence and Anxiety: An Association with Subcortical White Matter Metabolism," Frontiers in Evolutionary Neuroscience 3, no. 8 (февраль 2012). (Также о высоком IQ у евреев: Стивен Пинкер в лекции 2007 г. «Евреи, гены и интеллект» называет «средние показатели их IQ от 108 до 115». Ричард Линн, автор статьи 2004 г. «Интеллект американских евреев» ("The Intelligence of American Jews"), сообщает, что среднеквадратическое отклонение баллов IQ у евреев в два раза выше, чем в среднем у европейцев. В докладе 2005 г. по результатам исследования Natural History of Ashkenazi Intelligence Генри Харпердинг, Джейсон Харди и Грегори Кохран из Университета Юты утверждают, что их испытуемые «набирают от 0, 75 до 1 доли среднеквадратического отклонения выше среднеевропейских показателей, что соответствует IQ 112–115».
  24. "The Relation of Strength of Stimulus to Rapidity of Habit-Formation," The Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology 18 (1908): 459–82.
  25. Los Angeles Examiner, November 4, 1957, цитируется по Tone, Age of Anxiety, 87.
  26. Los Angeles Examiner, March 23, 1958, цитируется по Tone, Age of Anxiety, 87.
  27. Barlow, Anxiety and Its Disorders, 9.
  28. Steve Coll, "The General's Dilemma," The New Yorker, September 8, 2008.

Глава вторая

  1. Lifton, Protean Self, 101.
  2. Niebuhr, Nature and Destiny, vol. I, 182.
  3. Hoch and Zubin, Anxiety, v.
  4. Theodore R. Sarbin, "Anxiety: Reification of a Metaphor," Archives of General Psychiatry 10 (1964): 630–38.
  5. Kagan, What is Emotion?, 41.
  6. См., напр.: "Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality," in Freud, Basic Writings.
  7. Freud, Problem of Anxiety, 60.
  8. См., напр.: R. Spitzer and J. Fleiss, "A Re-analysis of the Reliability of Psychiatric Diagnosis," The British Journal of Psychiatry 125 (1974): 341–47; Stuart A. Kirk and Herb Kutchins, "The Myth of the Reliability of DSM," Journal of Mind and Behavior 15, nos. 1–2 (1994): 71–86.
  9. Burton, Anatomy, 261.
  10. Breggin, Medication Madness, 331.
  11. Kagan, What Is Emotion?, 83.
  12. См., напр.: "Fear and the Amygdala," The Journal of Neuroscience 15, no. 9 (September 1995): 5879–91.
  13. Cannon, Bodily Changes, 74.
  14. James, Principles of Psychology, 415.
  15. LeDoux, Emotional Brain, 107.
  16. Из исследования Эрика Кандела, описанного в Barber, Comfortably Numb, 191–96.
  17. Kagan, What is Emotion?, 17.
  18. Barlow, Anxiety and Its Disorders, 35.
  19. Sapolsky, Zebras, 182.
  20. Цит. по: Stephen Hall, "Fear Itself," The New York Times Magazine, February 28, 1999.
  21. Gray and McNaughton, Neuropsychology of Anxiety, 12.
  22. G. Desbordes et al., "Effects of Mindful-Attention and Compassion Meditation Training on Amygdala Response to Emotional Stimuli in an Ordinary, Non-meditative State," Frontiers of Human Neuroscience 6 (2012): 292.
  23. См., напр.: Richard J. Davidson and Antoine Lutz, "Buddha's Brain: Neuroplasticity and Meditation," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 25, no. I (January 2008): 174–76.
  24. Richard A. Friedman, "Like Drugs, Talk Therapy Can Change Brain Chemistry," The New York Times, August 27, 2002.
  25. Tillich, "Existential Philosophy," Journal of the History of Ideas 5, no. I (1944): 44–70. (Впоследствии упоминается в книге Тиллиха 1959 г. «Богословие культуры», Theology of Culture.)
  26. См., напр.: Gabbard, "A Neurobiologically Informed Perspective on Psychotherapy," The British Journal of Psychiatry 177 (2000): 11; A. Ohman and J. J. F. Soares, "Unconscious Anxiety: Phobic Responses to Masked Stimuli," Journal of Abnormal Psychology (1994); John T. Cacioppo et. al., "The Psychophysiology of Emotion," Handbook of Emotions 2 (2000): 173–91.
  27. Shawn, Wish, 10.

Глава третья

  1. David Barlow "Providing Best Treatments for Patients with Panic Disorder," Anxiety and Depression Association of American Annual Conference, Miami, March 24, 2006.
  2. Lauren Slater, "The Cruelest Cure," The New York Times, November 2, 2003.
  3. J. K. Ritow, "Brief Treatment of a Vomiting Phobia," American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 21, no. 4 (1979): 293–96.
  4. Northfield, Conquest of Nerves, 37.
  5. Harvard Medical School, Sensitive Gut, 71.
  6. Ibid., 72.
  7. William E. Whitehead et al., "Tolerance for Rectosigmoid Distention in Irritable Bowel Syndrome," Gastroenterology 98, no. 5 (1990): 1187; William E. Whitehead, Bernard T. Engel, and Marvin M. Schuster, "Irritable Bowel Syndrome," Digestive Diseases and Sciences 25, no. 6 (1980): 404–13.
  8. Ingvard Wilhelmsen. "Brain-Gut Axis as an Example of the Bio-psycho-social Model," Gut 47, supp. 4 (2000): 5–7.
  9. Walter Cannon, "The Influence of Emotional States on the Functions of the Alimentary Canal," The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 137, no. 4 (April 1909): 480–86.
  10. Andrew Fullwood and Douglas A. Drossman, "The Relationship of Psychiatric Illness with Gastrointestinal Disease," Annual Review of Medicine 46, no. 1 (1995): 483–96.
  11. Robert G. Maunder, "Panic Disorder Associated with Gastrointestinal Disease: Review and Hypotheses," Journal of Psychosomatic Research 44, no. 1 (1998): 91.
  12. Цит. по: Roccatagliata, History of Ancient Psychiatry, 106.
  13. Цит. по: Sarason and Spielberger, Stress and Anxiety, vol. 2, 12.
  14. Wolf and Wolff, Human Gastric Function, 112.
  15. Alvarez, Nervousness, 123.
  16. Ibid., 266.
  17. Angela L. Davidson, Christopher Boyle, and Fraser Lauchlan, "Scared to Lose Control? General and Health Locus of Control in Females with a Phobia of Vomiting," Journal of Clinical Psychology 64, no. 1 (2008): 30–39.
  18. Цит. по: Desmond and Moore, Darwin, 531.
  19. Цитируется в Colp, To Be an Invalid, 43–53.
  20. Desmond and Moore, Darwin, 530.
  21. Цит. по: Colp, To Be an Invalid, 84.
  22. Anthony K. Campbell and Stephanie B. Matthews, "Darwin's Illness Revealed," Postgraduate Medical Journal 81, no. 954 (2005): 248–51.
  23. Bowlby, Charles Darwin, 229.
  24. Thomas J. Barloon and Russell Noyes Jr., "Charles Darwin and Panic Disorder," The Journal of the American Medical Association 277, no. 2 (1997): 138–41.
  25. Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, vol. 1, 349.
  26. Quammen, Reluctant Mr. Darwin, 62.
  27. Источники: Bowlby, Charles Darwin; Colp, To Be an Invalid; Desmond and Moore, Darwin; Browne, The Power of Place; and Quammen, The Reluctant Mr. Darwin; и др.
  28. Bowlby, Charles Darwin, 300.
  29. Ibid., 335.
  30. Ibid., 343.
  31. Ibid., 375.
  32. Desmond and Moore, Darwin, 358.
  33. Bowlby, Charles Darwin, 282.

Глава четвертая

  1. Oppenheim, "Shattered Nerves," 114.
  2. Davenport-Hines, Pursuit of Oblivion, 56.
  3. Цит. по: Marshall, Social Phobia, 140.
  4. "Memoir of William Cowper," Procedings of the American Philosophical Society 97, no. 4 (1953): 359–82.
  5. Gandhi, Autobiography. На этот источник меня навела глава пятая книги Тейлора Кларка «Нерв» (Nerve).
  6. Все упоминания о Джефферсоне взяты из книги Джошуа Кендалла «Американская одержимость» (American Obsessives, 21).
  7. Mohr, Gasping for Airtime, 134.
  8. "Hugh Grant: Behind That Smile Lurks a Deadly Serious Film Star," USA Today, December 17, 2009.
  9. "A Gloom of Her Own," The New York Times Magazine, November 21, 2004.
  10. Casper, Johann Ludwig, "Biographie d'une idée fixe" (translated into French, 1902), Archives de Neurologie, 13, 270–287.
  11. Burgess, Physiology or Mechanism of Blushing, 49.
  12. Hartenberg, Les timides et la timidite (Felix Alcon, 1901).
  13. Ken-Ichiro Okano, "Shame and Social Phobia: A Transcultural Viewpoint," Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 58, no. 3 (1994): 323–38.
  14. Michael Liebowitz et al., "Social Phobia," Archives of General Psychiatry 42, no. 7 (1985): 729–36.
  15. "Disorders Made to Order," Mother Jones, July/August 2002.
  16. Manjula et al., "Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) — a Review," International Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 2, no. 2 (2012): 55–59.
  17. Davidson et al., "While a Phobic Waits: Regional Brain Electrical and Autonomic Activity in Social Phobias During Anticipation of Public Speaking," Biological Psychiatry 47 (2000): 85–95.
  18. "On Anxiety," in Epictetus, Discourses, ch. 13.
  19. См., напр.: Kathryn J. Zerbe, "Uncharted Waters: Psychodynamic Considerations in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Social Phobia," Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 58, no. 2 (1994): A3. См. также Capps, Social Phobia, 120–25.
  20. "Anxious Adults Judge Facial Cues Faster, but Less Accurately," Science News, July 19, 2006.
  21. "Whaddya Mean by That Look?," Los Angeles Times, July 24, 2006.
  22. См., напр.: Arne Ohman, "Face the Beast and Fear the Face: Animal and Social Fears as Prototypes for Evolutionary Analyses of Emotion," Psychophysiology 23, no. 2 (March 1986): 123–45.
  23. Marshall, Social Phobia, 50.
  24. K. Blair et al., The American Journal of Psychiatry 165, no. 9 (September 2008): 193–202; K. Blair et al., Archives of General Psychiatry 65, no. 10 (October 2008): 1176–84.
  25. K. Blair et al., "Neural Response to Self– and Other Referential Praise and Criticism in Generalized Social Phobia," Archives of General Psychiatry 65, no. 10 (October 2008): 1176–84.
  26. Например, Murray B. Stein et al., "Increased Amygdala Activation to Angry and Contemptuous Faces in Generalized Social Phobia," Archives of General Psychiatry 59, no. 11 (2002): 1027.
  27. Zinbarg et al., "Neural and Behavioral Evidence for Affective Priming from Unconsciously Perceived Emotional Facial Expressions and the Influence of Trait Anxiety," Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20, no. 1 (January 2008): 95–107.
  28. Murray B. Stein, «Neurobiological Perspectives on Social Phobia: From Affiliation to Zoology," Biological Psychiatry 44, no. 12 (1998): 1277.
  29. См., напр.: Robert Sapolsky, "Testicular Function, Social Rank and Personality Among Wild Baboons," Psychoneuroendocrinology 16, no. 4 (1991): 281–93; Robert Sapolsky, "The Endocrine Stress-Response and Social Status in the Wild Baboon," Hormones and Behavior 16, no. 3 (September 1982): 279–92; Robert Sapolsky, "Stress-Induced Elevation of Testosterone Concentrations in High Ranking Baboons: Role of Catecholamines," Endocrinology 118 no. 4 (April 1986): 1630.
  30. См., напр.: Raleigh et al., "Serotonergic Mechanisms Promote Dominance Acquisition in Adult Male Vervet Monkeys," Brain Research 559, no. 2 (1991): 181–90.
  31. Например, Lanzenberger et al., "Reduced Serotonin-1A Receptor Binding in Social Anxiety Disorder," Biological Psychiatry 61, no. 9 (May 2007): 1081–89.
  32. См., напр.: van der Linden et al., "The Efficacy of the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia): A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials," Intenational Clinical Psychopharmacology 15, supp. 2 (2000): S15–23; Stein et al., "Serotonin Transporter Gene Promoter Polymorphism Predicts SSRI Response in Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder," Psychopharmacology 187, no. 1 (July 2006): 68–72.
  33. См., напр.: Wai S. Tse and Alyson J. Bond, "Serotonergic Intervention Affects Both Social Dominance and Affiliative Behaviour," Psychopharmacology, 161 (2002): 324–330.
  34. См., напр.: Morgan et al., "Social Dominance in Monkeys: Dopamine D2 Receptors and Cocaine Self-Administration," Nature Neuroscience 5 (2002): 169–74; Morgan et al., "Predictors of Social Status in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) After Group Formation," American Journal of Primatology 52, no. 3 (November 2118): 115–31.
  35. См., напр.: Stein and Stein, "Social Anxiety Disorder," Lancet 371 (2008): 1115–25.
  36. Arthur Kummer, Francisco Cardoso, and Antonio L. Teixeira, "Frequency of Social Phobia and Psychometric Properties of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale in Parkinson's Disease," Movement Disorders 23, no. 12 (2008): 1739–43.
  37. См., напр.: Schneier et al., "Low Dopamine D2 Reception Binding Potential in Social Phobia," The American Journal of Psychiatry 157 (2000): 457–59.
  38. Stein, Murray B., "Neurobiological Perspectives on Social Phobia: from Affiliation to Zoology," Biological Psychiatry 44, no. 12 (1998): 1277–85. См. также: David H. Skuse and Louise Gallagher, "Dopaminergic-Neuropeptide Interactions in the Social Brain," Trends in Cognitive Sciences 13, no. 1 (2009): 27–35.
  39. См., напр.: Seth J. Gillihan et al., "Association Between Serotonin Transporter Genotype and Extraversion," Psychiatric Genetics 17, no. 6 (2007): 351–54.
  40. Sapolsky, "Social Status and Health in Humans and Other Animals," Annual Review of Anthropology 33 (2004): 393–418.
  41. Dirk Helmut Hellhammer et al., "Social Hierarchy and Adrenocortical Stress Reactivity in Men," Psychoneuroendocrinology 22, no. 8 (1997): 643–50.
  42. Robert M. Yerkes and John D. Dodson, "The Relation of Strength of Stimulus to Rapidity of Habit-Formation," The Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology 18, no. 5 (1908): 459–82.
  43. Цит. по: Ballard, Beautiful Game, 76.
  44. "Strikeouts and Psych-Outs," The New York Times Magazine, July 7, 1991.
  45. Sian L. Beilock and Thomas H. Carr, "On the Fragility of Skilled Performance: What Governs Choking Under Pressure?," Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 130, no. 4 (2001): 701.
  46. Подробнее см.: Beilock, Choke.
  47. Цит. по: Clark, Nerve, 208.
  48. Herodotus, Histories, vol. 4, bk. 7.
  49. Gabriel, No More Heroes, 104.
  50. Ibid., 139.
  51. "Stress Detector for Soldiers," BBC World News, May 29, 2002.
  52. Цит. по: Gabriel, No More Heroes, 51.
  53. Herman, Trauma and Recovery, 21.
  54. "The Psychology of Panic in War," American Review of Reviews 50 (October 1914): 629.
  55. Цит. по: Barber, Comfortably Numb, 73.
  56. Цит. по: Bourke, Fear, 219.
  57. Ibid.
  58. Shephard, War of Nerves, 219.
  59. Jeffrey Gettleman, "Reduced Charges for Soldier Accused of Cowardice in Iraq," The New York Times, November 7, 2003.
  60. Jacob Mendes Da Costa, "On Irritable Heart: A Clinical Study of a Form of Functional Cardiac Disorder and Its Consequences," The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 121, no. 1 (1871): 2–52.
  61. Collins, Violence, 46.
  62. Paul Fussell, "The Real War, 1939–45," The Atlantic, August 1989.
  63. Kaufman, " 'Ill Health' as an Expression of Anxiety in a Combat Unit," Psychosomatic Medicine 9 (March 1947): 108.
  64. Цит. по: Clark, Nerve, 234.
  65. Manchester, Goodbye, Darkness, 5.
  66. Christopher Hitchens, "The Blair Hitch Project," Vanity Fair, February 2011.
  67. Alvarez, Nervousness, 18.
  68. См., напр.: Grinker and Spiegel, Men Under Stress.
  69. Leach, Survival Psychology, 24.
  70. Ibid., 25.
  71. Janis, Air War, 80.
  72. Bourke, Fear, 231.
  73. Felix Brown, "Civilian Psychiatric Air-Raid Casualties," The Lancet 237, no. 6144 (May 1941): 689.
  74. V. A. Kral, "Psychiatric Observations Under Severe Chronic Stress," The American Journal of Psychiatry 108 (1951): 185–92.
  75. Kathleen E. Bachynski et al., "Mental Health Risk Factors for Suicides in the US Army, 2007–8," Injury Prevention 18, no. 6 (2012): 405–12.
  76. Hoge et al., "Mental Health Problems, Use of Mental Health Services, and Attrition from Military Service After Returning from Deployment to Iraq or Afganistan," JAMA 259, no. 9 (2006): 1023–32.
  77. Boscarino, Joseph, "Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Mortality Among U. S. Army Veterans 30 Years After Military Service," Annals of Epidemiology 16, no. 4 (2006): 248–56.
  78. "Mike Mullen on Military Veteran Suicide," Huffington Post, July 2, 2012.
  79. Charles A. Morgan et. al., "Relationship Among Plasma Cortisol, Catecholamines, Neuropeptide Y, and Human Performance During Exposure to Uncontrollable Stress," Psychosomatic Medicine 63, no. 3 (2001): 412–22.
  80. "Intranasal Neuropeptide Y May Offer Therapeutic Potential for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder," Medical Press, April 23, 2013.
  81. Brian J. Mickey et al., "Emotion Processing, Major Depression, and Functional Genetic Variation of Neuropeptide Y," Archives of General Psychiatry 68, no. 2 (2011): 158.
  82. Mirjam van Zuiden et al., "Pre-existing High Glucocorticoid Receptor Number Predicting Development of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms After Military Deployment," The American Journal of Psychiatry 168, no. 1 (2011): 89–96.
  83. George Plimpton, "Sportsman of the Year Bill Russell," Sports Illustrated, December 23, 1968.
  84. См., напр.: John Taylor, The Rivalry: Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain, and the Golden Age of Basketball (New York: Random House, 2005).
  85. Gay Talese, "The Loser," Esquire, March 1964.
  86. Фрагмент о Пизе во время войны взят из Arieti, Parnas.

Глава пятая

  1. "Restless Gorillas," Boston Globe, September 28, 2003; "Restless and Caged, Gorillas Seek Freedom," Boston Globe, September 29, 2003.
  2. Цитируется, среди многих прочих, по: Kramer, Freud, 33. Подробнее об употреблении Фрейдом кокаина см.: Markel, An Anatomy of Addiction.
  3. Davenport-Hines, Pursuit of Oblivion, 154.
  4. Парадокс подмечен в том числе Питером Крамером.
  5. Tone, Age of Anxiety, 10.
  6. Tone, Age of Anxiety, 10.
  7. Topics of the Times, The New York Times, January 23, 1906.
  8. Tone, Age of Anxiety, 22.
  9. Цит. по: Tone, Age of Anxiety, 25.
  10. История Фрэнка Берджера и «Милтауна» приводится по Andrea Tone, Age of Anxiety; Edward Shorter, Before Prozac; Mickey Smith, Small Comfort.
  11. Цит. по: Tone, Age of Anxiety, 34.
  12. Taylor Manor Hospital, Discoveries in Biological Psychiatry, 122.
  13. Цит. по: Tone, Age of Anxiety, 43.
  14. Henry H. Dixon et al., "Clinical Observations on Tolserol in Handling Anxiety Tension States," The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 220, no. 1 (1950): 23–29.
  15. Borrus, "Study of Effect of Miltown (2-Methyl-2-n-Propyl-1, 3-Propoanediol Dicarbamate) on Psychiatric Studies," The Journal of the American Medical Association, April 30, 1955, 1596–98.
  16. Lowell Selling, "Clinical Use of a New Tranquilizing Drug," The Journal of the American Medical Association, April 30, 1955, 1594–96.
  17. Цит. по: Tone, Age of Anxiety, 52.
  18. "Onward and Upward with the Arts: Getting There First with Tranquility," The New Yorker, May 3, 1958.
  19. Restak, Poe's Heart, 187.
  20. Цит. по: Tone, Age of Anxiety, 57.
  21. Tone, Age of Anxiety, 57.
  22. Ibid.
  23. Ibid., 58.
  24. Restak, Poe's Heart, 187.
  25. Tone, Age of Anxiety, 76.
  26. Restak, Poe's Heart, 187.
  27. Nathan S. Kline, False and Misleading Advertisements (Prescription Traquilizing Drugs): Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, 4.
  28. "Soothing, but Not for Businessmen," BusinessWeek, March 10, 1956.
  29. Tone, Age of Anxiety, 90.
  30. Shorter, History of Psychiatry, 248.
  31. Shorter, Before Prozac, 49.
  32. Valenstein, Blaming the Brain, 27.
  33. Tone, Age of Anxiety, 80.
  34. Kline, From Sad to Glad, 122.
  35. Valenstein, Blaming the Brain, 60–62.
  36. Цит. по: Abbott, Alison, "Neuroscience: The Molecular Wake-up Call," Nature 447, no. 7143 (2007): 368–70.
  37. Shorter, Before Prozac, 69.
  38. Valenstein, Blaming the Brain, 69–70.
  39. Healy, Creation of Psychopharmacology, 106, 205–6.
  40. Alfred Pletscher, Parkhurst A. Shore, and Bernard B. Brodie, "Serotonin Release as a Possible Mechanism of Reserpine Action," Science 122, no. 3165 (1955): 374–75.
  41. Healy, Antidepressant Era, 148.
  42. Shorter, Before Prozac, 52.
  43. Roland Kuhn, "The Treatment of Depressive States with G22355 (Imipramine Hydrochloride)," The American Journal of Psychiatry 115, no. 5 (1958): 459–64.
  44. Shorter, Before Prozac, 62.
  45. Joseph J. Schildkraut, "The Catecholamine Hypothesis of Affective Disorders: A Review of Supporting Evidence," The American Journal of Psychiatry 122, no. 5 (1965): 509–22.

Глава шестая

  1. Sheehan, Anxiety Disease, 37.
  2. Donald F. Klein, "Commentary by a Clinical Scientist in Psychopharmacological Research," Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology 17, no. 3 (2007): 284–87.
  3. Donald F. Klein, "Anxiety Reconceptualized," Comprehensive Psychiatry 21, no. 6 (1980): 411.
  4. Цит. по: Kramer, Listening to Prozac, 80.
  5. Donald F. Klein and Max Fink, "Psychiatric Reaction Patterns to Imipramine," The American Journal of Psychiatry 119, no. 5 (1962): 432–38.
  6. Цит. по: Kramer, Listening to Prozac, 84.
  7. Donald F. Klein, "Delineation of Two Drug-Responsive Anxiety Syndromes," Psychopharmacology 5, no. 6 (1964): 397–408; Klein and Oaks, "Importance of Psychiatric Diagnosis in Prediction of Clinical Drug Effects," Archives of General Psychiatry 16, no 1 (1967): 118.
  8. Цит. по: Kramer, Listening to Prozac, 84.
  9. Kramer, Listening to Prozac, 77.
  10. Tone, The Age of Anxiety, 111.
  11. Caplan, They Say You're Crazy, 234.
  12. Kutchins and Kirk, Making Us Crazy, 28.
  13. David Sheehan, "Rethinking Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Depression" (заметки на конференции Американской ассоциации по исследованию тревожно-депрессивных расстройств, Саванна, штат Джорджия, 7 марта 2008 г.).
  14. Рассказ об открытиях Штернбаха приводится, в том числе, по Baenninger et al., Good Chemistry, 65–78; Tone, Age of Anxiety, 120–40.
  15. Leo Sternbach, "The Discovery of Librium," Agents and Actions 2 (1972): 193–96.
  16. Smith, Small Comfort, 74.
  17. Цит. по: Davenport-Hines, Pursuit of Oblivion, 327.
  18. Tone, Age of Anxiety, 130.
  19. Joseph M. Tobin and Nolan D. C. Lewis, "New Psychotherapeutic Agent, Chlordiazepoxide Use in Treatment on Anxiety States and Related Symptoms," The Journal of the American Medical Association 174, no. 10 (1960): 1242–49.
  20. Harry H. Farb, "Experience with Librium in Clinical Psychiatry," Diseases of the Nervous System 21 (1960): 27.
  21. Shorter, Before Prozac, 100.
  22. M. Marinker, "The Doctor's Role in Prescribing," The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners 23, supp. 2 (1973): 26.
  23. Restak, Poe's Heart, 191.
  24. Valenstein, Blaming the Brain, 56.
  25. George E. Vaillant, Jane R. Brighton, and Charles McArthur, "Physicians' Use of Mood-Altering Drugs: A 20-Year Follow-up Report." The New England Journal of Medicine (1970).
  26. Цит. по: Smith, Small Comfort, 113.
  27. Hollister, Clinical Use of Psychotherapeutic Drugs, 111.
  28. D. Jacobs, "The Psychoactive Drug Thing: Coping or Cop Out?," Journal of Drug Issues 1 (1971): 264–68.
  29. Цит. по: Smith, Small Comfort, 91.
  30. Цит. по: Whitaker, Anatomy of an Epidemic, 137.
  31. M. H. Lader, M. Ron, and H. Petursson, "Computed Axial Brain Tomography in Long-Term Benzodiazepine Users," Psychological Medicine 14, no. 1 (1984): 203–6. Дополнительно см.: "Brain Damage from Benzodiazepines," Psychology Today, November 18, 2010.

Глава седьмая

  1. M. N. Stagnitti, Trends in Antidepressant Use by the U. S. Civilian Non-institutionalized Population, 1997 and 2002, Statistical Brief 76 (Rockville, Md.: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, May 2005).
  2. United Press International, "Study: Psych Drugs Sales Up," March 28, 2007.
  3. См., напр.: "In Our Streams: Prozac and Pesticides," Time, August 25, 2003; "River Fish Accumulate Human Drugs," Nature News Service, September 5, 2003; "Frogs, Fish, and Pharmaceuticals: A Troubling Brew," CNN.com, November 14, 2003; "Prozac in the Water," Governing 19, no. 12 (September 2006); "Fish on Prozac Are Violent and Obsessive," Smithsonian.com, November 12, 2012.
  4. Healy, Let Them Eat Prozac, 39.
  5. Shorter, Before Prozac, 172.
  6. Healy, Let Them Eat Prozac, 39.
  7. "Eternal Sunshine," The Observer, May 12, 2007.
  8. Цит. по: Barber, Comfortably Numb, 55.
  9. Цит. по: Shorter, Before Prozac, 44.
  10. Joanna Moncrieff and Irving Kirsch, "Efficacy of Antidepressants in Adults," British Medical Journal 331, no. 7509 (2005): 155.
  11. Цит. по: Barber, Comfortably Numb, 106.
  12. Tomas Helgason, Helgi Tomasson, and Tomas Zoega, "Antidepressants and Public Health in Iceland: Time Series Analysis of National Data," The British Journal of Psychiatry 184, no. 2 (2004): 157–62.
  13. Joanna Moncrieff and Joceline Pomerleau, "Trends in Sickness Benefits in Great Britain and the Contributions of Mental Disorders," Journal of Public Health 22, no. 1 (2000): 59–67.
  14. Robert Rosenheck, "The Growth of Psychopharmacology in the 1990s: Evidence-Based Practice or Irrational Exuberance," International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 28, no. 5 (2005): 467–83.
  15. См., напр.: Healy, Let Them Eat Prozac, 20. См. также McHenry, "Ethical Issues in Psychopharmacology," Journal of Medical Ethics 32 (2006): 405–10.
  16. www.who.int
  17. Greenberg, Manufacturing Depression, 193.
  18. Gerald L. Klerman, "A Reaffirmation of the Efficacy of Psychoactive Drugs," Journal of Drug Issues 1 (1971): 312–19.
  19. Dean I. Manheimer et al., "Popular Attitudes and Beliefs About Tranquilizers," The American Journal of Psychiatry 130, no. 11 (1973): 1246–53.
  20. Mental Health America, Attitudinal Survey 2007.
  21. Marie Asberg et al., " 'Serotonin Depression' — a Biochemical Subgroup Within the Affective Disorders?," Science 191, no. 4226 (1976): 478–80.
  22. "CINP Meeting with the Nobels, Montreal, Canada, June 25, 2002: Speaker's Notes — Dr. Arvid Carlsson," Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Newsletter (March 2003).
  23. L. McHenry, "Ethical Issues in Psychopharmacology," Journal of Medical Ethics 32, no. 7 (2006): 405–10.
  24. Valenstein, Blaming the Brain, 96.
  25. Kenneth S. Kendler, "Toward a Philosophical Structure for Psychiatry," The American Journal of Psychiatry 162, no. 3 (2005): 433–40. Подробнее об постепенном отказе от серотониновой гипотезы см.: Jeffrey R. Lacasse and Jonathan Leo, "Serotonin and Depression: A Disconnect Between the Advertisements and the Scientific Literature," PLoS Medicine 2, no. 12 (2005): e392.
  26. Tolson, Pilgrim, 129.
  27. Рассуждения Питера Крамера в Kramer, Listening to Prozac.
  28. Статья перепечатана в сборнике Перси Signposts in a Strange Land.
  29. Цитируется, в том числе, по: Elie, The Life You Save, 276; Elliott and Chambers, Prozac as a Way of Life, 135.

Глава восьмая

  1. Ron Kessler, "Comorbidity of Anxiety Disorders with Other Physical and Mental Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication" (доклад на конференции Американской ассоциации по исследованию тревожно-депрессивных расстройств, Саванна, штат Джорджия, 7 марта 2008 г.).
  2. Freud, Three Essays.
  3. Breger, Dream of Undying Fame, 9.
  4. Gay, Freud, 11.
  5. Breger, Freud, 18.
  6. Kramer, Freud, 20.
  7. Complete Letters of Freud to Fliess, 272.
  8. Freud, Problem of Anxiety, 99.
  9. Ibid.
  10. Ibid., 119.
  11. Ibid., 117.
  12. Karen, Becoming Attached, 30.
  13. Ibid., 31.
  14. Ibid.
  15. Bowlby, Separation, viii.
  16. Karen, Becoming Attached, 44.
  17. Ibid., 45.
  18. Ibid.
  19. Выдержки о пребывании Эйнсворт в Уганде приводятся по ее книге Infancy in Uganda и по главе 11 Karen, Becoming Attached.
  20. Karen, Becoming Attached, 180.
  21. Konrad Z. Lorenz, "The Companion in the Bird's World," The Auk 54, no. 3 (1937): 245–73.
  22. Issroff, Winnicott and Bowlby, 121.
  23. Harry Frederick Harlow, "The Nature of Love," American Psychologist (1958): 673–85.
  24. Bowlby, Secure Base, 26.
  25. См., напр.: Yvette Spencer-Booth and Robert A. Hinde, "Effects of 6 Days Separation from Mother on 18– to 32-Week-Old Rhesus Monkeys," Animal Behaviour 19, no. 1 (1971): 174–91.
  26. Harry F. Harlow and Margaret Harlow, "Learning to Love," American Scientist 54, no. 3 (1966): 244–72.
  27. См., напр.: Stephen J. Suomi, "How Gene-Environment Interactions Can Shape the Development of Socioemotional Regulation in Rhesus Monkeys," Emotional Regulation and Developmental Health: Infancy and Early Childhood (2002): 5–26.
  28. См., напр.: Mathew et al., "Neuroimaging Studies in Nonhuman Primates Reared Under Early Stressful Conditions," Fear and Anxiety (2004).
  29. См., напр.: Jeremy D. Coplan et al., "Variable Foraging Demand Rearing: Sustained Elevations in Cisternal Cerebrospinal Fluid Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Concentrations in Adult Primates," Biological Psychiatry 50, no. 3 (2001): 200–4.
  30. См., напр.: Tamashiro, Kellie L. K., "Metabolic Syndrome: Links to Social Stress and Socioeconomic Status," Annals of the New York Academy of Science 1231, no. 1 (2011): 46–55.
  31. См., напр.: Joel J. Silverman et al., "Psychological Distress and Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Jewish Adolescents Following a Brief Exposure to Concentration Camps," Journal of Child and Family Studies 8, no. 1 (1999): 71–89.
  32. Maselko et al., "Mother's Affection at 8 Months Predicts Emotional Distress in Adulthood," Journal of Epidemiology and Comminity Health 65, no. 7 (2011): 621–25.
  33. См., напр.: L. Alan Sroufe, "Attachment and Development: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study from Birth to Adulthood," Attachment and Human Development 7, no. 4 (2005): 349–67.
  34. Corine de Ruiter and Marinus H. Van Ijzendoorn, "Agoraphobia and Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment: An Integrative Review," Journal of Anxiety Disorders 6, no. 4 (1992): 365–81.
  35. Dozier et al., "Attachment and Psychopathology in Adulthood," in Handbook of Attachment, 718–44.
  36. Warren et al., "Child and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders and Early Attachment," Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 36, no. 5 (1997): 637–44.
  37. Hane, Amie Ashley, and Nathan A. Fox, "Ordinary variations in maternal caregiving influence human infants' stress reactivity," Psychological Science 17.6 (2006): 550–556.

Глава девятая

  1. Kenneth S. Kendler et al., "The Genetic Epidemiology of Irrational Fears and Phobias in Men," Archives of General Psychiatry 58, no. 3 (2001): 257. См. также Kenneth S. Kendler, John Myers, and Carol A. Prescott "The Etiology of Phobias: An Evaluation of the Stress-Diathesis Model," Archives of General Psychiatry 59, no. 3 (2002): 242.
  2. См., напр.: Hettema et al., "A Review and Meta-Analysis of the Genetic Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders," The American Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 10 (2001) 1568–78.
  3. Цит. по: Restak, Poe's Heart, 64; см. также Kagan, Unstable Ideas, 161–163.
  4. Исследования описаны в Robin Marantz Henig, "Understanding the Anxious Mind," The New York Times Magazine, September 29, 2009.
  5. См., напр.: Gleb P. Shumyatsky et al., "Identification of a Signaling Network in Lateral Nucleus of Amygdala Important for Inhibiting Memory Specifically Related to Learned Fear," Cell 111, no. 6 (2002): 905–18.
  6. См., напр.: Gleb P. Shumyatsky et al., "Stathmin, a Gene Enriched in the Amygdala, Controls Both Learned and Innate Fear," Cell 123, no. 4 (2005): 697–709.
  7. Smoller et al., "Influence of RGS2 on Anxiety-Related Temperament, Personality, and Brain Function," Archives of General Psychiatry 65, no. 3 (2008): 298–308.
  8. Цит. по: Smoller et al., "Genetics of Anxiety Disorders: The Complex Road from DSM to DNA," Depression and Anxiety 26, no. 11 (2009): 965–75.
  9. Leygraf et al., "RGS2 Gene Polymorphisms as Modulators of Anxiety in Humans," Journal of Neural Transmission 113, no. 12 (2006): 1921–25.
  10. Koenen et al., "RGS2 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder in an Epidemiologic Sample of Hurricane-Exposed Adults," Depression and Anxiety 26, no. 4 (2009): 309–15.
  11. "Unique Study Identifies Gene Associated with Anxious Phenotypes," Medscape News, March 29, 2011.
  12. R. Bachner-Melman et al., "AVPR1a and SLC6A4 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Creative Dance Performance," PLoS Genetics 1, no. 3 (2005): e42.
  13. См., напр.: "Catechol O-methyltransferase Val158met Genotype and Neural Mechanisms Related to Affective Arousal and Regulation," Archives of General Psychiatry 63, no. 12 (2006); 1396. А также Montag et al., "COMT Genetic Variation Affects Fear Processing: Psychophysiological Evidence," Behavioral Neuroscience 122, no. 4 (1008): 901.
  14. См., напр.: Stein et al., "Warriors versus Worriers: The Role of COMT Gene Variants," CNS Spectrums 11, no. 10 (2006): 745–48. Also, "Finding the 'Worrier-Warrior' Gene," Philadelphia Inquirer, June 2, 2003.
  15. Например, Lesch, et al., "Association of Anxiety-Related Traits with a Polymorphism in the Serotonin Transporter Gene Regulatory Region," Science 274, no. 5292 (1996): 1527–31. См. также: Hariri, Ahmad R., et al., "Serotonin Transporter Genetic Variation and the Response of the Human Amygdala." Science 297, no. 5580 (2002): 400–403. (Более популярное изложение исследования см. у Dobbs, "The Science of Success," The Atlantic, December 2009.)
  16. Charles F. Gillespie et al., "Risk and Resilience: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Development of the Stress Response," Depression and Anxiety 26, no. 11 (2009): 984–92. См. также Rebekah G. Bradley et al., "Influence of Child Abuse on Adult Depression: Moderation by the Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Gene," Archives of General Psychiatry 65, no. 2 (2008): 190; Kerry J. Ressler et al., "Polymorphisms in CRHR1 and the Serotonin Transporter Loci: Genex Genex Environment Interactions on Depressive Symptoms," American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics 153, no. 3 (2010): 812–24.
  17. Ibid. См. также: Elisabeth B. Binder et al., "Association of FKBP5 Polymorphisms and Childhood Abuse with Risk of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Adults," The Journal of the American Medical Association 299, no. 11 (2008): 1291–305; Divya Mehta et al., "Using Polymorphisms in FKBP5 to Define Biologically Distinct Subtypes of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Evidence from Endocrine and Gene Expression Studies," Archives of General Psychiatry (2011): archgenpsychiatry-2011.
  18. Stein, Murray B., Margaret Daniele Fallin, Nicholas J. Schork, and Joel Gelernter. "COMT Polymorphisms and Anxiety-related Personality Traits." Neuropsychopharmacology 30, no. 11 (2005): 2092–2102.
  19. Martin E. P. Seligman, "Phobias and Preparedness," Behavior Therapy 2, no. 3 (1971): 307–20.
  20. Susan Mineka and Arne Ohman, "Born to Fear: Non-associative Vs. Associative Factors in the Etiology of Phobias," Behaviour Research and Therapy 40, no. 2 (2002): 173–84.
  21. Ohman and Mineka, "Fears, Phobias, and Preparedness: Toward an Evolved Module of Fear and Fear Learning," Psychological Review 108, no. 3 (2001): 483.

Глава десятая

  1. Beard, A Practical Treatise, 1.
  2. A. D. Rockwell, "Some Causes and Characteristics of Neurasthenia," New York Medical Journal 58 (1893): 590
  3. Beard, American Nervousness, 176.
  4. Ibid., 96.
  5. Ibid., 96.
  6. Beard, Practical Treatise, 15.
  7. Ibid., 53 [Micale, Hysterical Men, 35]
  8. Ibid., 54.
  9. Ibid., 60.
  10. Подробнее см.: Lutz, American Nervousness; Schuster, Neurasthenic Nation.
  11. American Psychological Association, Stress in America, 2010.
  12. IMS Health Data, National Disease and Therapeutic Index, Diagnosis Visits, 2002–2006.
  13. Ibid.
  14. Swindle et al., "Responses to Nervous Breakdowns in America over a 40-year period," American Psychologist 55, no. 7 (2000): 740.
  15. Goodwin, Renee D., "The Prevalence of Panic Attacks in the United States: 1980 to 1995," Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 55, no. 9 (2003): 914–16.
  16. Twenge, Generation Me, 107.
  17. "How Big a Problem is Anxiety?" Psychology Today, April 30, 2008.
  18. Kessler et al., "Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Survey Initiative," World Psychiatry 6, no. 3 (2007): 168.
  19. "Anxiety Disorders Have Soared Since Credit Crunch," The Telegraph, January 1, 2012.
  20. Mental Health Foundation, Facing the Fear, April 2009.
  21. LeGoff, Medieval Civilization, 325.
  22. Slater, Pursuit of Loneliness, 24.
  23. Schwartz, Paradox of Choice, 2, 43.
  24. Tillich, Protestant Era, 245.
  25. Цит. по: May, Meaning of Anxiety, 12.
  26. The New York Times, February 1, 1948.
  27. May, Meaning of Anxiety, 12.
  28. Рассуждения Сапольски приведены в Zebras, 378–83.
  29. Kagan, What Is Emotion?, 14.
  30. May, Meaning of Anxiety, 191.
  31. Hunter and Macalpine, Three Hundred Years of Psychiatry, 116.
  32. Michel J. Dugas, Mark H. Freeston, and Robert Ladouceur, "Intolerance of Uncertainty and Problem Orientation in Worry," Cognitive Therapy and Research 21, no. 6 (1997): 593–606.
  33. Scott Baker, Nicholas Bloom, and Stephen Davis, "Measuring Economic Policy Uncertainty" (Chicago Booth Research Paper 13–02, 2013).
  34. Цит. по: Oppenheim, "Shattered Nerves," 14.
  35. Цит. по: Micale, Hysterical Men, 81.
  36. Cheyne, The English Malady, xxx.
  37. Burton, Anatomy, Book I, 34.
  38. Ibid., 261.
  39. Ibid.
  40. Ibid., 21.
  41. Ibid., 50.
  42. May, Meaning of Anxiety, xiv.

Глава одиннадцатая

  1. Это наблюдение встречается у Кагана неоднократно в разных работах.
  2. Micale, Hysterical Men, 214.
  3. Simonton, "Are Genius and Madness Related? Contemporary Answers to an Ancient Question," Psychiatric Times 22, no. 7 (2005): 21–23. См. также "The Case for Pessimism," Businessweek, August 13, 2004.
  4. Письма цитируются по: Masson, Complete Letters.
  5. Цит. по: Robin Marantz Henig, "Understanding the Anxious Mind," The New York Times Magazine, September 29, 2009.
  6. Nicholas A. Turiano et al., "Big 5 Personality Traits and Interleukin-6: Evidence for 'Healthy Neuroticism' in a US Population Sample," Brain, Behavior, and Immunity (2012).
  7. Corrine Bendersky and Neha Parikh Shah, "The Downfall of Extroverts and the Rise of Neurotics: The Dynamic Process of Status Allocation in Task Groups, Academy of Management Journal," AMJ-2011–0316. R3.
  8. "Leadership Tip: Hire the Quiet Neurotic, Not the Impressive Extrovert," Forbes, April 11, 2013.
  9. Adam M. Perkins and Philip J. Corr, "Can Worriers Be Winners? The Association Between Worrying and Job Performance," Personality and Individual Differences 38, no. 1 (2005): 25–31.
  10. Jeremy D. Coplan et al., "The Relationship Between Intelligence and Anxiety: An Association with Subcortical White Matter Metabolism," Frontiers in Evolutionary Neuroscience 3 (2012).
  11. См. Winifred Gallagher, "How We Become What We Are," The Atlantic, September 1994.
  12. Stephen J. Suomi, "Risk, Resilience, and Gene-Environment Interplay in Primates," Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 20, no. 4 (November 2011): 289–97.

Глава двенадцатая

  1. Bate, Samuel Johnson, 11727.
  2. Charney, "The Psychobiology of Resilience to Extreme Stress: Implications for the Treatment and Prevention of Anxiety Disorders," программное выступление на конференции Американской ассоциации по исследованию тревожно-депрессивных расстройств, 23 марта 2006 г.
  3. См., напр.: Albert Bandura, "Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change," Psychological Review 84, 191–215; Albert Bandura, "The Assessment and Predictive Generality of Self-Percepts of Efficacy," Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 13, 195–99.
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