,
$ (dollar sign), ,
. (dot character), , ,
using in paths,
wildcard matches,
" (double quotes),
** (exponent) operator,
== (equal to) operator, ,
/ (forward slash), , ,
division operator, ,
\ (backslash), , , , ,
line continuation character,
> (greater than) operator,
>= (greater than or equal to) operator,
# (hash character),
// (integer division/floored quotient) operator,
< (less than) operator,
<= (less than or equal to) operator,
% (modulus/remainder) operator, ,
* (multiplication) operator, , ,
!= (not equal to) operator,
() (parentheses), ,
| (pipe character), ,
+ (plus sign), , , , , ,
addition operator, , , ,
? (question mark), ,
' (single quote),
[] (square brackets), ,
* (star), , ,
using with wildcard character,
zero or more matches with,
- (subtraction) operator, ,
^ (caret symbol), , ,
matching beginning of string,
negative character classes,
''' (triple quotes), ,
_ (underscore),
: (colon), , , , ,
{} (curly brackets), , , ,
greedy vs. nongreedy matching,
matching specific repetitions with,

A

%A directive,

%a directive,

absolute paths,

abspath() function,

addition (+) operator, , , ,

additive color model,

add_heading() method,

addPage() method,

add_paragraph() method,

add_picture() method,

add_run() method,

algebraic chess notation,

all_caps attribute,

ALL search key,

alpha, defined,

and operator,

ANSWERED search key,

API (application programming interface),

append() method,

application-specific passwords,

args keyword,

arguments, function, , , , ,

keyword arguments,
passing to processes,
passing to threads,

assertions, ,

disabling,

assignment (=) operator, ,

AT&T mail, ,

attributes, HTML, ,

augmented assignment operators,

B

\b backspace escape character,

%B directive,

%b directive,

back() method,

backslash (\), , , ,

BarChart() function,

basename() function,

BCC search key,

Beautiful Soup,

(see also bs4 module)

BeautifulSoup objects,

BEFORE search key,

binary files, ,

binary operators,

bitwise or operator,

blank strings,

blocking execution,

blocks of code,

BODY search key,

bold attribute,

Boolean data type, , , , , ,

binary operators,
flow control and,
in operator,
not in operator,
“truthy” and “falsey” values,
using binary and comparison operators together,

box tuples,

breakpoints, debugging using,

break statements, ,

overview,
using in for loop,

browser, opening using webbrowser module,

bs4 module, , , ,

creating object from HTML,
finding element with select() method,
getting attribute,
overview,

built-in functions,

bulleted list, creating in Wiki markup, , , , ,

copying and pasting clipboard,
joining modified lines,
overview,
separating lines of text,

C

calling functions,

call stack, defined,

camelcase,

caret symbol (^), , ,

matching beginning of string,
negative character classes,

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), ,

matching with selenium module,
selectors,

case sensitivity, ,

CC search key,

Cell objects,

cells, in Excel spreadsheets, , , ,

accessing Cell object by its name,
merging and unmerging,
writing values to,

center() method, ,

chaining method calls,

character classes, ,

character styles,

charts, Excel,

chdir() function,

Chrome, developer tools in,

clear() method,

click() function, , ,

clicking mouse,

click() method,

clipboard, using string from,

CMYK color model,

colon (:), , , , ,

color values, ,

CMYK vs. RGB color models,
RGBA values,

column_index_from_string() function,

columns, in Excel spreadsheets, ,

setting height and width of,
slicing Worksheet objects to get Cell objects in,

Comcast mail, ,

comma-delimited items,

command line arguments,

commentAfterDelay() function,

comments, ,

multiline,
overview,

comparison operators, ,

overview,
using binary operators with,

compile() function, , ,

compressed files, , , , ,

backing up folder into,
creating ZIP files,
extracting ZIP files,
overview,
reading ZIP files,

computer screen, ,

coordinates of,
resolution of,

concatenation, ,

of lists,
string,

concurrency issues,

conditions, defined,

continue statements, ,

overview,
using in for loop,

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC),

coordinates, ,

of computer screen,
of an image,

copy() function, , , ,

copytree() function,

countdown project, , , ,

counting down,
overview,
playing sound file,

cProfile.run() function,

crashes, program,

create_sheet() method,

CRITICAL level,

cron,

cropping images,

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), ,

matching with selenium module,
selectors,

CSV files, , , , , , , , , , , ,

defined,

delimeter for,

format overview,

line terminator for,

Reader objects,

reading data in loop,

removing header from, , , , ,

looping through CSV files,
overview,
reading in CSV file,
writing out CSV file,

Writer objects,

curly brackets ({}), , , ,

greedy vs. nongreedy matching,
matching specific repetitions with,

current working directory,

D

\D character class,

\d character class,

%d directive,

data structures, ,

algebraic chess notation,
tic-tac-toe board,

data types, , , , , , , , , , , ,

Booleans,
defined,
dictionaries,
floating-point numbers,
integers,
list() function,
lists,
mutable vs. immutable,
None value,
strings,
tuple() function,
tuples,

datetime module, , , , , , , , , ,

arithmetic using,
converting objects to strings,
converting strings to objects,
fromtimestamp() function,
now() function,
overview, ,
pausing program until time,
timedelta data type,
total_seconds() method,

datetime objects, , ,

converting to strings,
converting from strings to,

debug() function,

debugging, , , , , , , , , , , ,

assertions,

defined,

getting traceback as string,

in IDLE, , ,

overview,
stepping through program,
using breakpoints,

logging, , , , ,

disabling,
to file,
levels of,
logging module,
print() function and,

raising exceptions,

DEBUG level,

decimal numbers, (see floating-point numbers)

decode() method,

decryption, of PDF files,

deduplicating code,

deepcopy() function,

def statements, ,

with parameters,

DELETED search key,

delete_messages() method,

deleting files/folders, ,

permanently,
using send2trash module,

del statements,

dictionaries, , , , , , , , , , , ,

copy() function,
deepcopy() function,
get() method,
in operator,
items() method,
keys() method,
lists vs.,
nesting,
not in operator,
overview,
setdefault() method,
values() method,

directories, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

absolute vs. relative paths,

backslash vs. forward slash,

copying,

creating,

current working directory,

defined,

deleting permanently,

deleting using send2trash module,

moving,

os.path module, , , , , ,

absolute paths in,
file sizes,
folder contents,
overview,
path validity,
relative paths in,

renaming,

walking,

dirname() function,

disable() function,

division (/) operator, ,

Document objects,

dollar sign ($), ,

dot character (.), , ,

using in paths,
wildcard matches,

dot-star character (.*),

doubleClick() function, ,

double quotes ("),

double_strike attribute,

downloading, , , ,

files from web,
web pages,
XKCD comics, ,

DRAFT search key,

dragging mouse,

dragRel() function, , ,

dragTo() function, ,

drawing on images, , , , , , , ,

ellipses,
example program,
ImageDraw module,
lines,
points,
polygons,
rectangles,
text,

dumps() function,

duration keyword arguments,

E

ehlo() method, ,

elements, HTML,

elif statements,

ellipse() method,

else statements,

email addresses, extracting, , , , ,

creating regex,
finding matches on clipboard,
joining matches into a string,
overview,

emails, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

deleting,

disconnecting from server,

fetching, , , , ,

folders,
getting message content,
logging into server,
overview,
raw messages,

gmail_search() method,

IMAP,

marking message as read,

searching,

sending, , , , , , , ,

connecting to SMTP server,
disconnecting from server,
logging into server,
overview,
reminder,
sending “hello” message,
sending message,
TLS encryption,

SMTP,

emboss attribute,

encryption, of PDF files,

endswith() method,

epoch timestamps, , ,

equal to (==) operator, ,

ERROR level,

errors, ,

crashes and,
help for,

escape characters,

evaluation, defined,

Excel spreadsheets, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

application support,

charts in,

column width,

converting between column letters and numbers,

creating documents,

creating worksheets,

deleting worksheets,

font styles,

formulas in,

freezing panes,

getting cell values,

getting rows and columns,

getting worksheet names,

merging and unmerging cells,

opening documents,

openpyxl module,

overview,

reading files, , , ,

overview,
populating data structure,
reading data,
writing results to file,

and reminder emails project,

row height,

saving workbooks,

updating, , ,

overview,
setup,

workbooks vs.,

writing values to cells,

Exception objects,

exceptions, , , ,

assertions and,
getting traceback as string,
handling,
raising,

execution, program, , , ,

defined,
overview,
pausing until specific time,
terminating program with sys.exit(),

exists() function,

exit codes,

expand keyword,

exponent (**) operator,

expressions, ,

conditions and,
in interactive shell,

expunge() method,

extensions, file,

extractall() method,

extracting ZIP files,

extract() method,

F

FailSafeException exception,

“falsey” values,

fetch() method, ,

file editor,

file management, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

absolute vs. relative paths,

backslash vs. forward slash,

compressed files, , , , ,

backing up to,
creating ZIP files,
extracting ZIP files,
overview,
reading ZIP files,

creating directories,

current working directory,

multiclipboard project,

opening files,

os.path module, , , , , ,

absolute paths in,
file sizes,
folder contents,
overview,
path validity,
relative paths in,

overview,

paths,

plaintext vs. binary files,

reading files,

renaming files, date styles,

saving variables with pformat() function,

send2trash module,

shelve module,

shutil module, , , ,

copying files/folders,
deleting files/folders,
moving files/folders,
renaming files/folders,

walking directory trees,

writing files,

filenames, defined,

File objects,

findall() method,

find_element_by_* methods,

find_elements_by_* methods,

Firefox, developer tools in,

FLAGGED search key,

flipping images,

float() function,

floating-point numbers, , ,

integer equivalence,
overview,
rounding,

flow control, , , , , , , , , , , , ,

binary operators,
blocks of code,
Boolean values and,
break statements,
comparison operators,
conditions,
continue statements,
elif statements,
else statements,
if statements,
overview,
using binary and comparison operators together,
while loops,

folders, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

absolute vs. relative paths,

backing up to ZIP file, , , ,

creating new ZIP file,
figuring out ZIP filename,
walking directory tree,

backslash vs. forward slash,

copying,

creating,

current working directory,

defined,

deleting permanently,

deleting using send2trash module,

moving,

os.path module, , , , , ,

absolute paths in,
file sizes,
folder contents,
overview,
path validity,
relative paths in,

renaming,

walking directory trees,

Font objects,

font styles, in Excel spreadsheets,

for loops, , ,

overview,
using dictionary items in,
using lists with,

format attribute,

format_description attribute,

formData list,

form filler project, , , , , , , ,

overview,
radio buttons,
select lists,
setting up coordinates,
steps in process,
submitting form,
typing data,

formulas, in Excel spreadsheets,

forward() method,

forward slash (/),

FROM search key,

fromtimestamp() function, ,

functions, , , , , , , , , , , ,

(see also names of individual functions)
arguments, ,
as “black box”,
built-in,
def statements,
exception handling,
keyword arguments,
None value and,
overview,
parameters,
return values,

G

get_active_sheet() method,

get_addresses() method,

get_attribute() method,

getcolor() function, ,

get_column_letter() function,

getcwd() function,

get() function, ,

overview,
requests module,

get_highest_column() method, ,

get_highest_row() method,

get_payload() method,

getpixel() function, , ,

get_sheet_by_name() method,

get_sheet_names() method,

getsize() function,

get_subject() method,

getText() function,

GIF format,

global scope,

Gmail, , ,

gmail_search() method,

Google Maps,

graphical user interface automation, (see GUI (graphical user interface) automation)

greater than (>) operator,

greater than or equal to (>=) operator,

greedy matching, ,

dot-star for,
in regular expressions,

group() method, ,

groups, regular expression, , , , , , , ,

matching, , , , , ,

greedy,
nongreedy,
one or more,
optional,
specific reptitions,
zero or more,

using parentheses,

using pipe character in,

Guess the Number program,

GUI (graphical user interface) automation, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

(see also form filler project)

controlling keyboard, , , , ,

hotkey combinations,
key names,
pressing and releasing,
sending string from keyboard,

controlling mouse, , , , ,

clicking mouse,
dragging mouse,
scrolling mouse,

determining mouse position,

image recognition,

installing pyautogui module,

logging out of program,

overview,

screenshots,

stopping program,

H

%H directive,

hash character (#),

headings, Word document,

help, ,

asking online,
for error messages,

hotkey combinations,

hotkey() function, ,

Hotmail.com, ,

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), , , , ,

browser developer tools and,
finding elements,
learning resources,
overview,
viewing page source,

I

%I directive,

id attribute,

IDLE (interactive development environment), , , , , , , ,

creating programs,

debugging in, , ,

overview,
stepping through program,
using breakpoints,

expressions in,

overview,

running scripts outside of,

starting,

if statements, ,

overview,
using in while loop,

imageDraw module,

imageDraw objects,

ImageFont objects,

Image objects,

images, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

adding logo to,

attributes for,

box tuples,

color values in,

coordinates in,

copying and pasting in,

cropping,

drawing on, , , , , , , ,

example program,
ellipses,
ImageDraw module,
lines,
points,
polygons,
rectangles,
text,

flipping,

opening with Pillow,

pixel manipulation,

recognition of,

resizing,

RGBA values,

rotating,

transparent pixels,

IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol), , , , , , ,

defined,
deleting messages,
disconnecting from server,
fetching messages,
folders,
logging into server,
searching messages,

imapclient module,

IMAPClient objects,

immutable data types,

importing modules, ,

overview,
pyautogui module,

imprint attribute,

im variable,

indentation,

indexes, , , , , ,

for dictionaries, (see keys, dictionary)

for lists, , , ,

changing values using,
getting value using,
negative,
removing values from list using,

for strings,

IndexError,

index() method,

infinite loops, , ,

INFO level,

in operator, , ,

using with dictionaries,
using with lists,
using with strings,

input() function, , ,

overview, ,
using for sensitive information,

installing, , , , ,

openpyxl module,
pyautogui module,
Python,
selenium module,
third-party modules,

int,

(see also integers)

integer division/floored quotient (//) operator,

integers, ,

floating-point equivalence,
overview,

interactive development environment, (see IDLE (interactive development environment))

interactive shell, (see IDLE)

Internet Explorer, developer tools in,

Internet Message Access Protocol, (see IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol))

interpreter, Python,

int() function,

isabs() function,

isalnum() method,

isalpha() method,

isdecimal() method,

isdir() function,

is_displayed() method,

is_enabled() method,

isfile() function,

islower() method,

is_selected() method,

isspace() method,

istitle() method,

isupper() method,

italic attribute,

items() method,

iter_content() method,

J

%j directive,

join() method, , , ,

JPEG format,

JSON files, , , , , ,

APIs for,
defined,
format overview,
reading,
and weather data project,
writing,

justifying text,

K

keyboard, , , ,

controlling, with PyAutoGUI, , ,

hotkey combinations,
pressing and releasing keys,
sending string from keyboard,

key names,

KeyboardInterrupt exception, , ,

keyDown() function, , ,

keys, dictionary,

keys() method,

keyUp() function, , ,

keyword arguments,

L

LARGER search key,

launchd,

launching programs, , , , , , , , , ,

and countdown project,
opening files with default applications,
opening websites,
overview,
passing command line arguments to processes,
poll() method,
running Python scripts,
scheduling,
sleep() function,
wait() method,

len() function, , ,

finding number of values in list,
overview,

less than (<) operator,

less than or equal to (<=) operator,

LibreOffice, ,

line breaks, Word document,

LineChart() function,

line continuation character (\),

line() method,

linked styles,

Linux, , , , , , , , , , , ,

backslash vs. forward slash,
cron,
installing Python,
installing third-party modules,
launching processes from Python,
logging out of automation program,
opening files with default applications,
pip tool on,
Python support,
running Python programs on,
starting IDLE,
Unix philosophy,

listdir() function,

list_folders() method,

list() function, ,

lists, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

append() method,
augmented assignment operators,
changing values using index,
concatenation of,
copy() function,
deepcopy() function,
dictionaries vs.,
finding number of values using len(),
getting sublists with slices,
getting value using index,
index() method,
in operator,
insert() method,
list() function,
Magic 8 Ball example program using,
multiple assignment trick,
mutable vs. immutable data types,
negative indexes,
nesting,
not in operator,
overview,
remove() method,
removing values from,
replication of,
sort() method,
storing variables as,
using with for loops,

ljust() method,

load_workbook() function,

loads() function, ,

local scope,

locateAllOnScreen() function,

locateOnScreen() function,

location attribute,

logging, , , ,

disabling,
to file,
levels of,
print() function and,

logging module,

logging out, of automation program,

login() method, , ,

logo, adding to an image, , , , ,

looping over files,
opening logo image,
overview,
resizing image,

logout() method,

LogRecord objects,

loops, , , , , , ,

break statements,
continue statements,
for loop,
range() function for,
reading data from CSV file,
using lists with,
while loop,

lower() method,

lstrip() method,

M

%M directive,

%m directive,

Mac OS X, (see OS X)

Magic 8 Ball example program,

makedirs() function, ,

maps, open when location is copied, , , , , ,

figuring out URL,
handling clipboard content,
handling command line argument,
launching browser,
overview,

Match objects,

math, ,

operators for,
programming and,

mergePage() method,

Message objects,

methods, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

chaining calls,

defined,

dictionary, , , , ,

get() method,
items() method,
keys() method,
setdefault() method,
values() method,

list, , , , ,

append() method,
index() method,
insert() method,
remove() method,
sort() method,

string, , ,

center() method,
copy() method,
endswith() method,

isalnum() method,

isalpha() method,

isdecimal() method,

islower() method,

isspace() method,

istitle() method,

isupper() method,

join() method,

ljust() method,

lower() method,

lstrip() method,

paste() method,

rjust() method,

rstrip() method,

split() method,

startswith() method,

strip() method,

upper() method,

Microsoft Windows, (see Windows OS)

middleClick() function, ,

modules, ,

importing,
third-party, installing,

modulus/remainder (%) operator, ,

Monty Python,

mouse, , , , , , , , , , , , ,

controlling, , , , ,

clicking mouse,
dragging mouse,
scrolling mouse,

determining position of,

locating, , , , , ,

getting coordinates,
handling KeyboardInterrupt exception,
importing pyautogui module,
infinite loop,
overview,

and pixels, identifying colors of,

mouseDown() function, ,

mouse.position() function,

mouseUp() function,

move() function,

moveRel() function, , , ,

moveTo() function, , ,

moving files/folders,

multiclipboard project, , , , , ,

listing keywords,
loading keyword content,
overview,
saving clipboard content,
setting up shelf file,

multiline comments,

multiline strings,

multiple assignment trick,

multiplication (*) operator, , ,

multithreading, , , , , , , , , , ,

concurrency issues,

downloading multiple images,, , , ,

creating and starting threads,
using downloadXkcd() function,
waiting for threads to end,

join() method,

overview,

passing arguments to threads,

start() method, ,

Thread() function,

mutable data types,

N

NameError,

namelist() method,

negative character classes,

negative indexes,

nested lists and dictionaries,

newline keyword argument,

None value,

nongreedy matching, ,

dot, star, and question mark for,
in regular expressions,

not equal to (!=) operator,

not in operator, , ,

using with dictionaries,
using with lists,
using with strings,

not operator,

NOT search key,

now() function, ,

O

ON search key,

open() function, , , ,

opening files,

OpenOffice, ,

open program,

openpyxl module, installing,

operators, , , , , ,

augmented assignment,
binary,
comparison,
defined,
math,
using binary and comparison operators together,

order of operations,

or operator,

OR search key,

OS X, , , , , , , , , , , ,

backslash vs. forward slash,
installing Python,
installing third-party modules,
launchd,
launching processes from Python,
logging out of automation program,
opening files with default applications,
pip tool on,
Python support,
running Python programs on,
starting IDLE,
Unix philosophy,

outline attribute,

Outlook.com, ,

P

%p directive,

page breaks, Word document,

Page objects,

Paragraph objects,

paragraphs, Word document,

parameters, function,

parentheses (), ,

parsing, defined,

passing arguments,

passing references,

passwords, , , , , ,

application-specific,

managing project, , , , ,

command-line arguments,
copying password,
data structures,
overview,

pastebin.com,

paste() method, , ,

paths, , , , , , , , , ,

absolute vs. relative,

backslash vs. forward slash,

current working directory,

overview,

os.path module, , , , , ,

absolute paths in,
file sizes,
folder contents,
overview,
path validity,
relative paths in,

PAUSE variable, ,

PdfFileReader objects,

PDF files, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

combining pages from multiple files, , , , , ,

adding pages,
finding PDF files,
opening PDFs,
overview,
saving results,

creating,

decrypting,

encrypting,

extracting text from,

format overview,

pages in, , ,

copying,
overlaying,
rotating,

PdfFileWriter objects,

pformat() function, ,

overview, ,

saving variables in text files using,

phone numbers, extracting, , , , ,

creating regex,
finding matches on clipboard,
joining matches into a string,
overview,

Pillow, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

copying and pasting in images,

cropping images,

drawing on images, , , , , , , ,

ellipses,
example program,
ImageDraw module,
lines,
points,
polygons,
rectangles,
text,

flipping images,

image attributes,

module,

opening images,

pixel manipulation,

resizing images,

rotating images,

transparent pixels,

pipe character (|), ,

pip tool,

pixelMatchesColor() function, ,

pixels, ,

plaintext files,

plus sign (+), ,

PNG format,

point() method,

poll() method,

polygon() method,

Popen() function, , ,

opening files with default applications,
passing command line arguments to,

position() function, ,

pprint() function,

precedence of math operators,

press() function, , ,

print() function, , , , ,

logging and,
overview,
passing multiple arguments to,
using variables with,

processes, , , , , , , ,

and countdown project,
defined,
opening files with default applications,
opening websites,
passing command line arguments to,
poll() method,
Popen() function,
wait() method,

profiling code,

programming, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

blocks of code,
comments,
creativity needed for,
deduplicating code,
defined,
exception handling,
execution, program,
functions as “black boxes”,
global scope,
indentation,
local scope,
math and,
Python,
terminating program with sys.exit(),

projects, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Adding Bullets to Wiki Markup,
Adding a Logo,
Automatic Form Filler,
Backing Up a Folder into a ZIP File,
Combining Select Pages from Many PDFs,
Downloading All XKCD Comics,
Extending the mouseNow Program,
Fetching Current Weather Data,
Generating Random Quiz Files,
“I’m Feeling Lucky” Google Search,
“Just Text Me” Module,
mapIt.py with the webbrowser Module,
Multiclipboard,
Multithreaded XKCD Downloader,
Password Locker,
Phone Number and Email Address Extractor,
Reading Data from a Spreadsheet,
Removing the Header from CSV Files,
Renaming Files with American-Style Dates to European-Style Dates,
Sending Member Dues Reminder Emails,
Simple Countdown Program,
Super Stopwatch,
Updating a Spreadsheet,
“Where Is the Mouse Right Now?”,

putpixel() method,

pyautogui.click() function,

pyautogui.click() method,

pyautogui.doubleClick() function,

pyautogui.dragTo() function,

pyautogui.FailSafeException exception,

pyautogui.hotkey() function,

pyautogui.keyDown() function,

pyautogui.keyUp() function,

pyautogui.middleClick() function,

pyautogui module, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

form filler project,

controlling keyboard, , , , ,

hotkey combinations,
key names,
pressing and releasing keys,
sending string from keyboard,

controlling mouse, , , , ,

clicking mouse,
dragging mouse,
scrolling mouse,

documentation for,

fail-safe feature,

functions,

image recognition,

importing,

installing,

pausing function calls,

screenshots,

pyautogui.mouseDown() function,

pyautogui.moveRel() function, ,

pyautogui.moveTo() function,

pyautogui.PAUSE variable,

pyautogui.position() function,

pyautogui.press() function,

pyautogui.rightClick() function,

pyautogui.screenshot() function,

pyautogui.size() function,

pyautogui.typewrite() function, , ,

py.exe program,

pyobjc module,

PyPDF2 module, , , , , , , , ,

combining pages from multiple PDFs,

creating PDFs,

decrypting PDFs,

encrypting PDFs,

extracting text from PDFs,

format overview,

pages in PDFs, , ,

copying,
overlaying,
rotating,

pyperclip module,

Python, , , , , , , , , , ,

data types,
downloading,
example program,
help,
installing,
interactive shell,
interpreter, defined,
math and,
overview,
programming overview,
starting IDLE,

python-docx module,

pyzmail module, ,

PyzMessage objects,

Q

question mark (?), ,

quit() method, , ,

quiz generator, , , , , , ,

creating quiz file,
creating answer options,
overview,
shuffling question order,
storing quiz data in dictionary,
writing content to files,

R

radio buttons,

raise_for_status() method,

raise keyword,

range() function,

raw strings, ,

Reader objects,

reading files, ,

readlines() method,

read() method,

rectangle() method,

Reddit,

Reference objects,

references, ,

overview,
passing,

refresh() method,

Regex objects, ,

creating,
matching,

regular expressions, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

beginning of string matches,

case sensitivity,

character classes,

creating Regex objects,

defined,

end of string matches,

extracting phone numbers and emails addresses,

findall() method,

finding text without,

greedy matching,

grouping, , , , , ,

matching specific repetitions,
one or more matches,
optional matching,
using parentheses,
using pipe character in,
zero or more matches,

HTML and,

matching with,

multiple arguments for compile() function,

nongreedy matching,

patterns for,

spreading over multiple lines,

substituting strings using,

symbol reference,

wildcard character,

relative paths,

relpath() function, ,

remainder/modulus (%) operator, ,

remove() method,

remove_sheet() method,

renaming files/folders, , , , , ,

date styles, , , , ,

creating regex for dates,
identifying dates in filenames,
overview,
renaming files,

replication, ,

of lists,
string,

requests module, ,

downloading files,
downloading pages,

resolution of computer screen,

Response objects,

return values, function,

reverse keyword,

RGBA values,

RGB color model,

rightClick() function, ,

rjust() method, ,

rmdir() function,

rmtree() function,

rotateClockwise() method,

rotateCounterClockwise() method,

rotating images,

rounding numbers,

rows, in Excel spreadsheets, ,

setting height and width of,
slicing Worksheet objects to get Cell objects in,

rstrip() method,

rtl attribute,

Run objects, ,

running programs, , , , ,

on Linux,
on OS X,
overview,
on Windows,
shebang line,

S

\S character class,

\s character class,

%S directive,

Safari, developer tools in,

save() method,

scope, ,

global,
local,

screenshot() function, ,

screenshots, ,

analyzing,
getting,

scripts, ,

running from Python program,
running outside of IDLE,

scroll() function, , ,

scrolling mouse,

searching, , , , , , ,

email,

the Web, , , , , ,

finding results,
getting command line arguments,
opening web browser for results,
overview,
requesting search page,

search() method,

SEEN search key,

see program,

select_folder() method,

select lists,

select() method, bs4 module,

selectors, CSS, ,

selenium module, , , , , , ,

clicking buttons,
finding elements,
following links,
installing,
sending special keystrokes,
submitting forms,
using Firefox with,

send2trash module,

sending reminder emails, , , , ,

finding unpaid members,
opening Excel file,
overview,
sending emails,

send_keys() method,

sendmail() method, ,

sequence numbers,

sequences,

setdefault() method,

shadow attribute,

shebang line,

shelve module,

Short Message Service (SMS), ,

sending messages,
Twilio service,

shutil module, , ,

deleting files/folders,
moving files/folders,
renaming files/folders,

SID (string ID),

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, (see SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol))

SINCE search key,

single quote ('),

single-threaded programs,

size() function,

sleep() function, , , ,

slices, ,

getting sublists with,
for strings,

small_caps attribute,

SMALLER search key,

SMS (Short Message Service), ,

sending messages,
Twilio service,

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), , , , , , ,

connecting to server,
defined,
disconnecting from server,
logging into server,
sending “hello” message,
sending message,
TLS encryption,

SMTP objects,

sort() method,

sound files, playing,

source code, defined,

split() method, , ,

spreadsheets, (see Excel spreadsheets)

square brackets [],

Stack Overflow,

standard library,

star (*), , , ,

using with wildcard character,
zero or more matches with,

start() method, , ,

start program,

startswith() method,

starttls() method, ,

step argument,

stopwatch project, , , ,

overview,
set up,
tracking lap times,

strftime() function, ,

str() function, , ,

strike attribute,

string ID (SID),

strings, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

center() method,
concatenation,
converting datetime objects to,
converting to datetime objects,
copying and pasting,
double quotes for,
endswith() method,
escape characters,
extracting PDF text as,
getting traceback as,
indexes for,
in operator,
isalnum() method,
isalpha() method,
isdecimal() method,
islower() method,
isspace() method,
istitle() method,
isupper() method,
join() method,
literals,
ljust() method,
lower() method,
lstrip() method,
multiline,
mutable vs. immutable data types,
not in operator,
overview,
raw,
replication of,
rjust() method,
rstrip() method,
slicing,
split() method,
startswith() method,
strip() method,
substituting using regular expressions,
upper() method,

strip() method,

strptime() function, ,

strs,

(see also strings)

Style objects,

SUBJECT search key,

sublists, getting with slices,

sub() method,

submitButtonColor variable, ,

submitButton variable,

submit() method,

subprocess module, ,

subtraction (-) operator, ,

subtractive color model,

Sudoku puzzles,

sys.exit() function,

T

tag_name attribute,

Tag objects,

tags, HTML,

Task Scheduler,

termination, program, ,

text attribute, ,

text messaging, , ,

automatic notifications,
sending messages,
Twilio service,

text() method,

TEXT search key,

textsize() method,

third-party modules, installing,

Thread() function, ,

threading module, ,

Thread objects,

threads, , , , , ,

concurrency issues,

join() method,

multithreading, ,

image downloader,

passing arguments to,

processes vs.,

tic-tac-toe board,

timedelta data type, ,

timedelta objects,

time module, , , , ,

overview,
sleep() function, ,
stopwatch project,
time() function,

TLS encryption,

top-level domains,

TO search key,

total_seconds() method, ,

traceback, getting from error,

transparency, ,

transpose() method,

triple quotes ('''), ,

truetype() function,

truth tables,

“truthy” values,

tuple data type, ,

overview,
tuple() function,

twilio module,

TwilioRestClient objects,

Twilio service, , ,

automatic text messages,
overview,
sending text messages,

TypeError, ,

typewrite() function, , , , , ,

U

Ubuntu, , , , ,

cron,
launching processes from Python,
opening files with default applications,
Unix philosophy,

UNANSWERED search key,

UNDELETED search key,

underline attribute,

underscore (_),

UNDRAFT search key,

UNFLAGGED search key,

Unicode encodings,

Unix epoch, , ,

Unix philosophy,

unlink() function,

UNSEEN search key,

upper() method,

UTC (Coordinated Universal Time),

V

ValueError, ,

values, defined, ,

values() method,

variables, , , , , , , , , , , ,

(see also lists)
assignment statements,
defined,
global,
initializing,
local,
naming,
None value and,
overwriting,
references,
saving with shelve module,
storing as list,

Verizon mail, ,

volumes, defined,

W

\W character class,

\w character class,

%w directive,

walk() function, ,

WARNING level,

weather data, fetching, , , , ,

downloading JSON data,
getting location,
loading JSON data,
overview,

webbrowser module, ,

open() function,
opening browser using,

WebDriver objects,

WebElement objects,

web scraping, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

bs4 module, , , ,

creating object from HTML,
finding element with select() method,
getting attribute,
overview,

downloading, , ,

files,
images,
pages,

and Google maps project,

and Google search project,

HTML, , , , ,

browser developer tools and,
finding elements,
learning resources,
overview,
viewing page source,

overview,

requests module,

selenium module clicking buttons, , , , , , ,

finding elements,
following links,
installing,
sending special keystrokes,
submitting forms,
using Firefox with,

websites, opening from script,

while loops, , ,

getting and printing mouse coordinates using,
infinite,
overview,

whitespace, removing,

wildcard character (.),

Windows OS, , , , , , , , , , ,

backslash vs. forward slash,
installing Python,
installing third-party modules,
launching processes from Python,
logging out of automation program,
opening files with default applications,
pip tool on,
Python support,
running Python programs on,
starting IDLE,
Task Scheduler,

Word documents, , , , , , , , , , ,

adding headings,
creating documents with nondefault styles,
format overview,
getting text from,
line/page breaks,
pictures in,
python-docx module,
reading,
Run object attributes,
styling paragraphs,
writing to file,

Workbook objects,

workbooks, Excel, , , , ,

creating worksheets,
deleting worksheets,
opening,
saving,

Worksheet objects,

write() method,

Writer objects,

writerow() method,

X

XKCD comics, , , , , , , , ,

downloading project, , , , ,

designing program,
downloading web page,
overview,
saving image,

multithreaded downloading project, , , ,

creating and starting threads,
using downloadXkcd() function,
waiting for threads to end,

Y

%Y directive,
%y directive,
Yahoo! Mail, ,

Z

zipfile module, , , , ,

creating ZIP files,
extracting ZIP files,
and folders,
overview,
reading ZIP files,

ZipFile objects,

ZipInfo objects,

Назад: D. Resources