, we may have encountered the following problem when trying to examine a file such as /etc/shadow:, when we cover processes, you will see that some of these other “users” are, in fact, quite busy.
While many Unix-like systems assign regular users to a common group such as users, modern Linux practice is to create a unique, single-member group with the same name as the user. This makes certain types of permission assignment easier.). The first of these characters is the file type. lists the file types you are most likely to see (there are other, less common types too)..
umask permanent.The last topic we’ll cover in this chapter is setting passwords for yourself (and for other users if you have access to superuser privileges). To set or change a password, the passwd command is used. The command syntax looks like this:
passwd [user]To change your password, just enter the passwd command. You will be prompted for your old password and your new password:
[me@linuxbox ˜]$ passwd (current) UNIX password: New UNIX password:The passwd command will try to enforce use of “strong” passwords. This means it will refuse to accept passwords that are too short, are too similar to previous passwords, are dictionary words, or are too easily guessed:
[me@linuxbox ˜]$ passwd (current) UNIX password: New UNIX password: BAD PASSWORD: is too similar to the old one New UNIX password: BAD PASSWORD: it is WAY too short New UNIX password: BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary wordIf you have superuser privileges, you can specify a username as an argument to the passwd command to set the password for another user. Other options are available to the superuser to allow account locking, password expiration, and so on. See the passwd man page for details.
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