Список литературы

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5 Asch S. E. Opinions and social pressure // Scientifc American, November 1955, Vol. 193, No. 5, 31–35. (Обратите внимание, что это статья в научно-популярном журнале, а не в рецензируемом.)

6 См., например, Whitehouse H., Lanman J. A. The ties that bind us: ritual, fusion, and identifcation // Current Anthropology, Vol. 55, No. 6, December 2014, 674–695.

7 Ссылка на книгу Александра Панчина “Апофения” есть в его ЖЖ: http://scinquisitor.livejournal.com/48300.html

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9 Davenas E. et al. Human basophil degranulation triggered by very dilute antiserum against IgE // Nature, Vol. 333, 816–818 (30 June 1988).

10 Maddox J. et al. “High-dilution” experiments a delusion // Nature, Vol. 334, 287–291 (28 July 1988).

11 Опрос ВЦИОМ про научную грамотность: http://wciom.ru/index.php?id=459&uid=111345

1 http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,20367285,00. html и http://www.livescience.com/8014-placebos-kill-alexa-ray-joel.html – примеры описаний попытки самоубийства Алексы Рэй Джоэл.

2 http://www.traumeel.com/Traumeel-com-Tablets-Russian. html?ActiveID=10008773 – состав таблеток “Траумель С” по информации производителя.

3 http://www.1023.org.uk/the-1023-overdose-event.php и http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/ jan/29/sceptics-homeopathy-mass-overdose-boots – массовая передозировка гомеопатическими средствами и комментарий гомеопатов.

4 Bradford T. L. The Life and Letters of Dr. Samuel Hahnemann. Delhi: published for B. Jain Publishers Ltd. Reprint edition, 1999.

5 Ганеман С. Органон врачебного искусства. При работе над текстом использовалась электронная версия книги, содержащая одновременно правки как к 5-му, так и к 6-му изданию и доступная по ссылке: http://specialist.homeopat-ica.ru/library.shtml?5_content.shtml

6 Сточик А. М., Затравкин С. Н. Состояние лечебного дела в конце VIII века – первой половине XIX века. Статья с сайта кафедры истории медицины МГМСУ: http://www. historymed.ru/encyclopedia/articles/?ELEMENT_ID=5052

7 Leary B. Cholera 1854: Update // Brithish Homoeopathic Journal, April 1994, Vol. 83, 117–121.

8 Cholera Annual Report 2013. Weekly Epidemiological Record, 2014, 89(31), 345–356 (это информационный бюллетень ВОЗ, он доступен по ссылке: http://www.who.int/wer/2014/ wer8931.pdf).

9 Инструкция к оциллококцинуму на сайте производителя: http://www.boiron.ru/drugs/oscillococcinum/?instruction

10 Cтатья про анаферон на “Медпортале”: http://medportal. ru/enc/pediatrics/reading/22/

11 Инструкция к анаферону на сайте производителя: http:// www.anaferon.ru/stat/instruction.pdf

12 Abgrall, J.-M. Healing Or Stealing? Medical Charlatans in the New Age. New York: Algora publishing, 2000.

13 Mathie R. et al. Homeopathic Oscillococcinum for preventing and treating infuenza and infuenza-like illness. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD001957.

14 Объем продаж по данным бизнес-портала Slon.ru: http:// slon.ru/biz/1037105/

15 Gavrilova E. et al. Novel approach to activity evaluation for release-active forms of fnti-interferon-gamma antibodies based on enzyme-linked immunoassay // PLoS One, 2014, Vol. 9, Issue 5 – статья, в которой как бы вроде бы доказывается, что сильно разбавленные антитела мешают менее разбавленным антителам связываться с интерфероном (то есть тоже с ним связываются). Честно указано, что исследование выполнено сотрудниками “Материа Медика” на деньги компании “Материа Медика”. Это само по себе sapienti sat, но и к методике исследования тоже есть ряд вопросов. Например, можно почитать разбор статьи от иммунолога Татьяны Тихомировой; ссылка и обсуждение доступны в ЖЖ врача и научного журналиста Алексея Водовозова: http:// uncle-doc.livejournal.com/375513.html

16 Koley M. et al. A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled feasibility study evaluating individualized homeopathy in managing pain of knee osteoarthritis // Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, July 2015, 20(3), 186–91.

17 Популярное описание методики Деборы Нолан: https:// slightlytilted.wordpress.com/tag/coin/

18 Shang A. et al. Are the clinical effects of homoeopathy placebo effects? Comparative study of placebo-controlled trials of homoeopathy and allopathy // Lancet, August 2005, Vol. 366, No. 9487, 726–732.

19 Эдзард Эрнст – очень интересный персонаж. Он много лет изучал гомеопатию и другие направления альтернативной медицины, но постепенно разочаровался и стал одним из самых ярких и непримиримых критиков лженауки. Вот статья об эволюции его взглядов: http:// www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2012/apr/03/homeopa-thy-why-i-changed-my-mind

20 Ernst E. A systematic review of systematic reviews of homeopathy // British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2002 Dec. 54(6), 577–582.

21 Directive 2001/83/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 November 2001 on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use: http://ec.europa.eu/ health/fles/eudralex/vol-1/dir_2001_83_cons2009/2001_83_ cons2009_en.pdf

22 NHMRC Information Paper: Evidence on the effectiveness of homeopathy for treating health conditions. Canberra: National Health and Medical Research Council, 2015; https://www. nhmrc.gov.au/_fles_nhmrc/publications/attachments/ca-m02a_information_paper.pdf

23 Подборка откликов сотрудников ВОЗ о (не)возможности применения гомеопатии при лечении серьезных заболеваний, таких как туберкулез или малярия: https:// sciencebasedpharmacy.wordpress.com/2009/08/21/world-health-organization-warns-against-homeopathy/

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29 Sandler A. Placebo effects in developmental disabilities: implications for research and practice // Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 2005, Vol. 11, 164–170.

30 Zhang W. et al. The placebo effect and its determinants in osteoarthritis: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials // Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 2008; Vol. 67, 1716–1723.

31 Kemeny M. et al. Placebo response in asthma: а robust and objective phenomenon // Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, June 2007, Vol. 119, Issue 6, 1375–1381.

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33 Waber R. et al. Commercial features of placebo and therapeutic effcacy // The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 2008; Vol. 299(9),1016–1017.

34 De Craen A. et al. Effect of colour of drugs: systematic review of perceived effect of drugs and of their effectiveness // BMJ, 1996, Vol. 313,1624.

35 Paul I. et al. Placebo effect in the treatment of acute cough in infants and toddlers // JAMA Pediatrics., 2014; Vol. 168(12), 1107–1113.

36 Munana K. et al. Placebo effect in canine epilepsy trials // Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2010, Jan-Feb; Vol. 24(1), 166–170.

37 Предупреждение FDA о пенициллине в гомеопатии: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm390002.htm

38 Endrizzi C. et al. Harm in homeopathy: aggravations, adverse drug events or medication errors? // Homeopathy, October 2005, Vol. 94, Issue 4, 233–240.

1 Wakefield A. et al. RETRACTED: Ileal-lymphoidnodular hyperplasia, non-specifc colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children // Lancet, February 1998, Vol. 351, No. 9103, 637–641 – отозванная (утратившая статус научной публикации) статья Уэйкфилда.

2 Deer B. How the case against the MMR vaccine was fxed // BMJ, 2011; Vol. 342, c5347.

3 Письмо отца пациента 11, опубликованное на сайте Брайана Дира: http://briandeer.com/solved/dan-olmstedchild-11.pdf

4 Andrews N. et al. Thimerosal exposure in infants and developmental disorders: A retrospective cohort study in the United Kingdom does not support a causal association // Pediatrics, Vol. 114, No. 3; September 1, 2004, 584–591.

5 Hviid A. et al. Association between thimerosal-containing vaccine and autism // JAMA, 2003; Vol. 290(13), 1763–1766.

6 The editors of the Lancet. Retraction – Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specifc colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children // Lancet, February 2010, Vol. 375, No. 9713, 445.

7 Очень много материалов собрано на сайте Брайана Дира. См., например, краткое описание всего расследования: http://briandeer.com/mmr/lancet-summary.htm и фильм об Эндрю Уэйкфилде и его работах: http://briandeer.com/ wakefeld/mmr-what-they-didnt-tell-you.htm

8 Madsen K. et al. A Population-Based Study of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccination and Autism // New England Journal of Medicine, 2002; Vol. 347, 1477–1482.

9 Taylor L. et al. Vaccines are not associated with autism: An evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies // Vaccine, 2014, Vol. 32, Issue 29, 3623–3629.

10 Demicheli V. et al. Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children // Evidence-Based Child Health:A Cochrane Review Journal, November 2013; Vol. 8, Issue 6, 2076–2238.

11 Пара статей с цитатами из публичных выступлений Уэйкфилда в 1998 году: http://www.rawstory.com/2015/02/ andrew-wakefeld-father-of-the-anti-vax-movement-insists-mmr-vaccine-causes-autism/ и http://leftbrainrightbrain. co.uk/2013/04/17/andrew-wakefeld-dont-try-to-blame-me-for-the-results-of-what-i-said-and-did/

12 Поучительное интервью Уэйкфилда, демонстрирующее, как важно сохранять уверенные интонации, даже когда все факты против тебя: http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Au-tism/autism-vaccine-link-research-dr-andrew-wakefeld-fraud/ story?id=12630566 (второй видеосюжет в подкасте).

13 NHS Immunisation Statistics, England 2011–12. https://cat-alogue.ic.nhs.uk/publications/public-health/immunisation/ nhs-immu-stat-eng-2011-2012/nhs-immu-stat-eng-2011-12-rep. pdf

14 Статистика заболеваемости корью в Англии и Уэльсе: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140505192926, http://www.hpa.org.uk/web/HPAweb&HPAwebStandard/ HPAweb_C/1195733778332

15 Editorial team. Measles once again endemic in the United Kingdom. Euro Surveillance, 2008; 13(27), pii=18919. Текст доступен по ссылке http://www.eurosurveillance.org/View-Article.aspx?ArticleId=18919

16 McBrein J. et al. Measles outbreak in Dublin, 2000 // Pe-diatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2003 July, 22(7), 580–584.

17 Первая за 14 лет жертва кори в Великобритании: http:// news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/4871728.stm

18 СМИ связывают эпидемию в Уэльсе с деятельностью Уэйкфилда: http://www.forbes.com/sites/emilywill-ingham/2013/07/21/the-price-of-the-autism-mea-sles-panic-15-years-later/, http://www.npr.org/sections/ health-shots/2013/05/21/185801259/ffteen-years-after-a-vac-cine-scare-a-measles-epidemic

19 Уэйкфилд комментирует ситуацию в Уэльсе: https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=d7kbWfsygG4

20 Ярилин А. А. Иммунология: учебник. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2010. 752 с.

21 Вакцины и вакцинация: национальное руководство / под ред. В. В. Зверева, Б. Ф. Семенова, Р. М. Хаитова. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2011. 880 с.

22 Обзор CDC (американских Центров по контролю и профилактике заболеваний) о полиомиелите: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/po-lio.pdf

23 По данным сайта Polio Global Eradication Initiative (существующего под эгидой ВОЗ): http://www.polioeradi-cation.org/Dataandmonitoring/Poliothisweek.aspx

24 Roush S. et al. Historical comparisons of morbidity and mortality for vaccine-preventable diseases in the united states // JAMA, 2007; Vol. 298(18), 2155–2163.

25 Van den Hof S. et al. Measles outbreak in a community with very low vaccine coverage, the Netherlands // Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2001; Vol. 7(3 Suppl), 593–597.

26 Vitek C. R., Wharton M. Diphtheria in the former Soviet Union: reemergence of a pandemic disease // Emerging Infectious Diseases, 1998 Oct. – Dec.; Vol. 4(4), 539–550.

27 Markina S. et al. Diphtheria in the Russian Federation in the 1990s // Emerging Infectious Diseases (2000), 181(Sup-plement 1), S27–S34.

28 Таточенко В. К. Безопасность вакцинации: современные данные // Педиатрическая фармакология, № 3, т. 4, 2007, c. 73–79.

29 Soysal A. et al. Effect of BCG vaccination on risk of My-cobacterium tuberculosisinfection in children with household tuberculosis contact: a prospective community-based study // Lancet, 2005; Vol. 366, 1443–1451.

30 Trunz B. et al. Effect of BCG vaccination on childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis worldwide: a metaanalysis and assessment of cost-effectiveness // Lancet, 2006; 367, 1173–1180.

31 Публикация Роспотребнадзора об инфекционной заболеваемости в РФ: http://rospotrebnadzor.ru/activi-ties/statistical-materials/statictic_details.php?ELEMENT_ ID=2938

32 Интервью с сотрудниками НИИ вакцин и сывороток: http://22century.ru/docs/impfung

1 Соболезнования по поводу смерти Нозифо Бенгу от Treatment Action Campaign: http://www.tac.org.za/community/ node/2210

2 Описание диеты Нозифо: http://www.economist.com/ node/7033269

3 Natrass N. Antiretroviral treatment and the problem of political will in South Africa // Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine, 2006, Vol. 7 (2), 29–31.

4 Chigwedere P. et al. Estimating the lost benefts of an-tiretroviral drug use in South Africa // Journal of Acquired Immune Defciency Syndromes, 2008, Dec. 1; 49(4), 410–415.

5 Описание первых случаев оппортунистических инфекций на сайте Центров по контролю и профилактике заболеваний: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrht-ml/lmrk077.htm

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8 Sarngadharan M. et al. Antibodies reactive with human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV–III) in the serum of patients with AIDS // Science, 1984, May 4, Vol. 224(4648), 506–508.

9 Gao F. et al. Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes // Nature, 1999, Vol. 397, 436–441.

10 D’arc M. et al. Origin of the HIV-1 group O epidemic in western lowland gorillas // PNAS, 2015, Vol. 112, No. 11, E1343–E1352.

11 Chen Z. et al. Genetic characterization of new West African simian immunodefciency virus SIVsm: geographic clustering of household-derived SIV strains with human immuno-defciency virus type 2 subtypes and genetically diverse viruses from a single feral sooty mangabey troop // Journal of Virology, June 1996, Vol. 70, No. 6, 3617–3627.

12 Kalish M. et al. Central African hunters exposed to Simian immunodefciency virus // Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2005 Dec., Vol. 11(12), 1928–1930.

13 Gilbert T. et al. The emergence of HIV/AIDS in the Americas and beyond // PNAS, 2007, Vol. 104, No. 47, 18566– 18570.

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15 Ярилин А. А. Иммунология: учебник. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2010. 752 с.

16 Атлас по медицинской микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии: Учебное пособие для студентов медицинских вузов / под ред. А. А. Воробьева, А. С. Быкова. М.: Медицинское информационное агентство, 2003. 236 с.

17 Doitsh G. et al. Cell death by pyroptosis drives CD4 T– cell depletion in HIV-1 infection // Nature, Jan. 2014, Vol. 505, 509–514.

18 The Durban Declaration // Nature, July 2000, Vol. 406, 15–16. Доступна по ссылке: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/ v406/n6791/full/406015a0.html

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20 Volberding P. et al. Zidovudine in asymptomatic human immunodefciency virus infection. A controlled trial in persons with fewer than 50 °CD4-positive cells per cubic millimeter // New England Journal of Medicine, 1990, Vol. 322(14), 941–949.

21 Dournon E. et al. Effects of zidovudine in 365 consecutive patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex // Lancet, Dec. 1988, Vol. 332, No. 8623, 1297–1302.

22 Connor E. et al. Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of human immunodefciency virus type 1 with zidovu-dine treatment. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 Study Group // New England Journal of Medicine, Nov. 1994, 3; Vol. 331(18), 1173–1180.

23 Larder B, Kemp A. Multiple mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase confer high-level resistance to zidovudine (AZT) // Science, Dec. 1989: Vol. 246, No. 4934, 1155–1158.

24 Hammer S. et al. A controlled trial of two nucleoside analogues plus indinavir in persons with human immunodefcien-cy virus infection and CD4 cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or less. AIDS Clinical Trials Group 320 Study Team // New England Journal of Medicine, 1997, Sep. 11, Vol. 337(11), 725–733.

25 Gulick R. et al. Treatment with Indinavir, Zidovudine, and Lamivudine in adults with human immunodefciency virus infection and prior antiretroviral therapy // New England Journal of Medicine, 1997, Vol. 337, 734–739.

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31 Hutter G., Thiel E. Allogeneic transplantation of CCR5-defcient progenitor cells in a patient with HIV infection: An update after 3 years and the search for patient no. 2 // AIDS, Jan. 2011, Vol. 25, Issue 2, 273–274.

32 Yukl S. et al. Challenges in detecting HIV persistence during potentially curative interventions: A study of the Berlin patient // PLOS Pathogens, May 2013, Vol. 9(5), e1003347.

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7 Ahn A. et al. Electrical properties of acupuncture points and meridians: a systematic review // Bioelectromagnetics, 2008, Vol. 29, 245–256.

8 Cheng K. Neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture for some common illnesses: a clinician’s perspective // Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, 2014 June, Vol. 7(3), 105–114.

9 Scott W., Scott N. A biochemical hypothesis for the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of substance abuse: Acupuncture and the reward cascade //American Journal of Acupuncture, 1997, Vol. 25, 33–40.

10 Kendall D. A scientifc model of acupuncture, parts 1 & 2 // American Journal of Acupuncture, 1989; 17(3): 251–268; 17(4): 343–360” – вот все, что известно о статье про выделение серотонина, которую невозможно найти.

11 Yoshimoto K. et al. Acupuncture stimulates the release of serotonin, but not dopamine, in the rat nucleus accum-bens // Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2006 Apr. Vol. 208(4), 321–326.

12 Moffet H. Sham acupuncture may be as effcacious as true acupuncture: a systematic review of clinical trials //Jo u r – nal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2009 Mar, Vol. 15(3), 213–216.

13 Manyanga T. et al. Pain management with acupuncture in osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis // BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014, Vol. 14, 312.

14 Vickers A. et al. Acupuncture for chronic pain: individual patient data meta-analysis // Archives of Internal Medicine, 2012, Oct. 22, Vol. 172(19), 1444–1453.

15 Madsen M. et al. Acupuncture treatment for pain: systematic review of randomised clinical trials with acupuncture, placebo acupuncture, and no acupuncture groups // BMJ, 2009, Jan. 27, Vol. 338, a3115.

16 Ernst E. Acupuncture: What does the most reliable evidence tell us? // Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, April 2009, Vol. 37, Issue 4, 709–714.

17 White P. et al. Practice, practitioner, or placebo? A multi-factorial, mixed-methods randomized controlled trial of acupuncture // Pain, 2012, Vol. 153, 455–462.

18 Ernst E. et al. Acupuncture: Does it alleviate pain and are there serious risks? A review of reviews // Pain, 2011, Vol. 152, 755–764.

19 Chang S et al. Aortoduodenal fstula complicated by acupuncture // International Journal of Cardiology, 2005, Sep. 30, Vol. 104(2), 241–242.

1 Статистические данные ИСИЭЗ НИУ ВШЭ: http://www. hse.ru/monitoring/innpeople/inp1 (в т. ч. см. pdf-документ, который можно скачать по ссылке с этой страницы).

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6 Cohen S. et al. Construction of biologically functional bacterial plasmids in vitro // PNAS, Nov. 1973, Vol. 70, No. 11, 3240–3244.

7 Статистика сайта gmo-compass.org, поддерживаемого независимой командой ученых и научных журналистов. Мне хотелось на него где-нибудь сослаться, потому что это вообще хорошая база данных по ГМ-растениям, используемым в Европе (еще одна хорошая база данных по ГМ-растениям, используемым в мире, есть на сайте isaaa.org).

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9 Watson J.D. In Defense of DNA. 1976 Annual Report, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, цитирую по статье на сайте FDA, посвященной двадцатипятилетию трансгенного инсулина: http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/WhatWeDo/ History/ProductRegulation/SelectionsFromFDLIUpdate-SeriesonFDAHistory/ucm081964.htm#ftn7

10 Инге-Вечтомов С. Г. Генетика с основами селекции: учебник для студентов высших учебных заведений. 2-е издание, перераб. и доп. СПб.: Изд-во Н-Л, 2010. 720 с.

11 National Research Council (US) Commission on Life Sciences. Biotechnology and the Food Supply: Proceedings of a Symposium. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1988. Potential food safety problems related to new uses of biotechnolo-g y. Текст доступен по ссылке: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK235027/

12 Cohen S. Recombinant DNA: Fact and fction // Western Journal of Medicine, May 1977, Vol. 126, 415–420 (Reprinted from Science, Feb. 1977, Vol. 195, 654–657).

13 Ye X. et al. Engineering the provitamin A (beta-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm // Science, 2000, Jan. 14, Vol. 287(5451), 303–305.

14 Paine J. et al. Improving the nutritional value of Golden Rice through increased pro-vitamin A content // Nature Biotechnology, Mar. 2005, Vol. 23, 482–487.

15 Данные по дефициту витамина А и его последствиям от ВОЗ: http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/vad/en/

16 Harrigan G. et al. The forage and grain of MON 87460, a drought-tolerant corn hybrid, are compositionally equivalent to that of conventional corn // Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Sep. 2009, Vol. 57, 9754–9763.

17 Sammons B. et al. Characterization of drought-tolerant maize MON 87460 for use in environmental risk assessment // Crop Science, Mar-Apr 2014, Vol. 54, 719–729.

18 Gantz V., Bier E. The mutagenic chain reaction: A method for converting heterozygous to homozygous mutations // Science, Apr. 2015: Vol. 348, No. 6233, 442–444.

19 Liang P. et al. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in human tripronuclear zygotes // Protein Cell, May 2015, Vol. 6, Issue 5, 363–372.

20 Kuiper H. et al. Adequacy of methods for testing the safety of genetically modifed foods // Lancet, Oct. 1999, Vol. 354, No. 9187, 1315–1316.

21 Пересказ отчета экспертов из Института Роберта Коха (не первоисточник, потому что я не умею гуглить и читать на немецком): http://www.gmo-safety.eu/archive/201.dead-dairy-cows-maize-under-suspicion.html

22 Nordlee J. et al. Identifcation of a Brazil-nut allergen in transgenic soybeans // New England Journal of Medicine, Mar. 1996, Vol. 334, 688–692.

23 Сайт Ирины Ермаковой: http://www.irina-ermakova.ru/

24 Ермакова И. В. Влияние сои с геном EPSPS CP4 на физиологическое состояние и репродуктивные функции крыс в первых двух поколениях // Современные проблемы науки и образования. Биологические науки. 2009, № 5, с. 15–20.

25 Marshall A. GM soybeans and health safety – a controversy reexamined // Nature Biotechnology, Sep. 2007, Vol. 25, No. 9, 981–987.

26 Ermakova I. GM soybeans – revisiting a controversial format // Nature Biotechnology, Dec. 2007, Vol. 25, No. 12, 1351–1354.

27 Chassy B. et al. Response to GM soybeans – revisiting a controversial format // Nature Biotechnology, Dec. 2007, Vol. 25, No. 12, 1356–1358.

28 Seralini G-E. et al. RETRACTED: Long term toxici-ty of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modifed maize // Food and Chemical Toxicology, Nov. 2012, Vol. 50, Issue 11, 4221–4231.

29 Prejean J. et al. Spontaneous Tumors in Sprague-Daw-ley Rats and Swiss Mice // Cancer Research, Nov. 1973, Vol. 33, 2768–2773.

30 Konig A. et al. Assessment of the safety of foods derived from genetically modifed (GM) crops // Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2004, Vol. 42, 1047–1088.

31 EFSA Panel on Genetically Modifed Organisms (GMO). Guidance for risk assessment of food and feed from genetically modifed plants. EFSA Journal, 2011, Vol. 9(5), 2150 [37 p.]. Доступно по ссылке: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajour-nal/pub/2150.htm#

32 European Comission. A decade of EU-funded GMO research. 2010. Доступно по ссылке: https://ec.europa.eu/research/biosociety/pdf/a_decade_of_ eu-funded_gmo_research.pdf

33 Klumper W., Qaim M. A meta-analysis of the impacts of genetically modifed crops // PLoS One, Nov. 2014, Vol. 9(11), e111629.

34 Rhee G. S. et al. Multigeneration reproductive and developmental toxicity study of bar gene inserted into genetically modifed potato on rats // Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, Dec. 2005, Vol. 68(23–24), 2263–2276.

35 Snell C. et al. Assessment of the health impact of GM plant diets in long-term and multigenerational animal feeding trials: a literature review // Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2012, Vol. 50, 1134–1148.

36 Van Eenennaam A., Young E. Prevalence and impacts of genetically engineered feedstuffs on livestock populations // Journal of Animal Science, Nov. 2014, Vol. 92, No. 10, 4255–4278 (обращайте внимание на название журнала: эти же авторы описали свое исследование еще и в маленькой новостной статье для издания ISB News Report, оставив при этом тот же самый заголовок, что создает путаницу).

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2 Shoshani J. Understanding proboscidean evolution: a formidable task // Trends in Ecology and Evolution, Dec. 1998, Vol. 13, Issue 12, 480–487.

3 ВЦИОМ. Пресс-выпуск № 1372. Дарвинисты среди нас, или Кто создал человека и был ли всемирный потоп? 2009. http://wciom.ru/index.php?id=236&uid=12813.

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5 Kelemen D. Are children “intuitive theists”? Reasoning about purpose and design in nature // Psychological Science, May 2004, Vol. 15(5), 295–301.

6 Evans M. Cognitive and contextual factors in the emergence of diverse belief systems: creation versus evolution // Cognitive Psychology, May 2001, Vol. 42, 217–266.

7 Langergraber K. et al. Generation times in wild chimpanzees and gorillas suggest earlier divergence times in great ape and human evolution // PNAS, Sep. 2012, Vol. 109, No. 39, 15716–15721.

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9 Bourque G. Reconstructing the genomic architecture of ancestral mammals: lessons from human, mouse, and rat genomes // Genome Research, 2004 Apr., Vol. 14(4), 507–516.

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11 Erwin D. et al. The Cambrian conundrum: Early divergence and later ecological success in the early history of animals // Science, Nov. 2011, Vol. 334(6059), 1091–1097.

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16 Fu Q. et al. An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor // Nature, Aug. 2015, Vol. 524(7564), 216–219.

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22 Dimond C. et al. Feathers, dinosaurs, and behavioral cues: defning the visual display hypothesis for the adaptive function of feathers in non-avian theropods // BIOS, Sep. 2011, Vol. 82(3), 58–63.

23 Thorpe et al. Origin of human bipedalism as an adaptation for locomotion on fexible branches // Science, June 2007, Vol. 316, No. 5829, 1328–1331.

24 Blount Z. et al. Historical contingency and the evolution of a key innovation in an experimental population of Escherichia coli // PNAS, June 2008, Vol. 105(23), 7899–7906.

25 Lucas J. et al. The evolution of fungicide resistance // Advances in Applied Microbiology, 2015, Vol. 90, 29–92.

26 Gilbert J. and Manica A. The evolution of parental care in insects: A test of current hypotheses // Evolution, May 2015, Vol. 69(5), 1255–1270.

27 Breggin P. The biological evolution of guilt, shame and anxiety: A new theory of negative legacy emotions // Medical Hypotheses, July 2015, Vol. 85(1), 17–24.

28 Список ученых, подписавших письмо, которое как бы поддерживает концепцию разумного замысла: http://www.dissentfromdarwin.org/

29 Оценка числа ученых в США: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/ infbrief/nsf02325/

30 Проект Стива: http://ncse.com/taking-action/project-steve

1 National center for education statistics – ценнейший кладезь данных о любых аспектах американского образования. Данные о биологах – по ссылке http://nces. ed.gov/programs/digest/d14/tables/dt14_325.22.asp

2 U. S. Congress, Offce of Technology Assessment. Alternatives to Animal Use in Research, Testing, and Education. Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Offce, OTA-BA-273, February 1986. Документ доступен по ссылке: http://govin-fo.library.unt.edu/ota/Ota_3/DATA/1986/8601.PDF

3 Taylor K. et al. Estimates for worldwide laboratory animal use in 2005 // Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, 2008 July, Vol. 36(3), 327–342.

4 График, наглядно демонстрирующий снижение числа экспериментальных животных в последние годы, доступен по ссылке: http://speakingofresearch.com/facts/statistics/, а данные, на которых он основан, собраны Службой по контролю здоровья животных и растений при Министерстве сельского хозяйства США: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ wps/portal/aphis/ourfocus/animalwelfare/ (вкладка Research Facility Annual Reports).

5 Число забитых в 2014 году животных по данным Министерства сельского хозяйства США: по первой ссылке птицы, по второй млекопитающие. http://www.nass. usda.gov/Publications/Todays_Reports/reports/pslaan15.pdf, http://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/Todays_Reports/re-ports/ lstk0415.pdf

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1 Pruetz J. et al. New evidence on the tool-assisted hunting exhibited by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in a savannah habitat at Fongoli, Sénégal // Royal Society Open Science, Apr. 2015, Vol. 2, 140507.

2 Watts D. Environmental infuences on mountain gorilla time budgets // American Journal of Primatology, 1988, Vol. 15(3), 195–211.

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4 Balter V. et al. Evidence for dietary change but not landscape use in South African early hominins // Nature, Sep. 2012, Vol. 489, 558–560.

5 Ingenbleek Y. and McCully K. Vegetarianism produces subclinical malnutrition, hyperhomocysteinemia and athero-genesis // Nutrition, Feb. 2012, Vol. 28, Issue 2, 148–153.

6 Список людей, пострадавших от фанатичного веганства (преимущественно не своего, а родительского): http:// whatstheharm.net/childvegetarianism.html

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11 Black M. Effects of vitamin B12 and folate defciency on brain development in children // Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 2008 June, Vol. 29(2 Suppl), S126–131.

12 Amit M. Vegetarian diets in children and adolescents // Pa e – diatrics and Child Health, 2010 May-June, Vol. 15(5), 303–308.

13 Научно-популярная статья Коли Кукушкина про кофе (к сожалению, в интернет-версии – без его картинок, фанаты могут попробовать найти бумажный журнал или pdf-версию): http://zdr.ru/articles/pejte_kofe

14 Huang T. et al. Cardiovascular disease mortality and cancer incidence in vegetarians: a meta-analysis and systematic review // Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, June 2012, Vol. 60, No. 4, 233–240.

15 Singh P. et al. Does low meat consumption increase life expectancy in humans? // American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Sep. 2003, Vol. 78, No. 3, 526S–532S.

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26 Micha R. et al. Red and processed meat consumption and risk of incident coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis // Circulation, 2010, June 1, Vol. 121(21), 2271–2283.

27 Rohrmann S. et al. Meat consumption and mortality – results from the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition // BMC Medicine, 2013, Mar. 7, Vol. 11, 63.

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1 Watson C. et al. Unabated global mean sea-level rise over the satellite altimeter era // Nature Climate Change, 2015, Vol. 5, 565–568.

2 IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [T. F. Stock-er, D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P. M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, N Y, USA, 1535 p.

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4 Thomassen M. et al. Life cycle assessment of conventional and organic milk production in the Netherlands // Agricultural Systems, 2008, Vol. 96, 95, 107.

5 Европейские правила выращивания органической продукции: Commission Regulation (EC) No. 889/2008 of 5 September 2008, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/Lex-UriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:2008R0889:20100701:EN: PDF

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9 IFOAM. Criticisms and Frequent Misconceptions about Organic Agriculture: The Counter-Arguments. 2008. http://infohub.ifoam.bio/sites/default/fles/page/fles/miscon-ceptions_compiled.pdf – Длинный список аргументов против органических продуктов – с возражениями от их производителей.

10 Simeone V. et al. Residues of rotenone, azadirachtin, py-rethrins and copper used to control Bactrocera oleae (Gmel.) in organic olives and oil // Food Additives and Contaminants, Apr. 2009, Vol. 26, No. 4, 475–481.

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