Примечания

Глава 1. Грязный бизнес

1. Краткий обзор некоторых долгосрочных последствий этой стратегии см. “A Rainforest Chernobyl”, ChevronToxico, accessed July 24, 2015, chevrontoxico.com/about/ rainforest-chernobyl.

Глава 3. На всю жизнь

1. Stephen Kinzer. All the Shah’s Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley&Sons, Inc., 2003.

2. Jane Mayer. Contract Sport: What Did the VicePresident Do for Halliburton? New Yorker, February 16 & 23, 2004, p. 83.

Глава 4. Индонезия: уроки для ЭУ

1. Jean Gelman Taylo., Indonesia: Peoples and Histories. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003; Theodore Friend. Indonesian Destinies. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2003. См. также Rex Mortime., Indonesian Communism under Sukarno: Ideology and Politics, 1959–1965. Sheffield, UK: Equinox Publishing, 2006.

Глава 5. Спасение страны от коммунизма

1. Tim Weiner. Robert S. McNamara, Architect of a Futile War, Dies at 93. New York Times, July 7, 2009, www.nytimes.com/2009/07/07/us/07mcnamara.html.

Глава 6. Продавая душу

1. Susan Rosegrant and David R. Lampe. Route 128: Lessonsfrom Boston's High-Tech Community. New York: Basic Books, 1993.

Глава 7. Я в роли инквизитора

1. Theodore Friend. Indonesian Destinies. Cambridge MA and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University, 2003, p. 5.

Глава 8. Цивилизация перед судом истории

Arnold Toynbee and D. C. Somervell, Civilization on Trial and The World and the West (New York: Meridian Books, 1958).

Глава 10. Президент Панамы и герой

1. David McCullough. The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1999; William Friar. Portrait of the Panama Canal: From Construction to the Twenty-First Century. New York: Graphic Arts Publishing Company, 1999; Graham Greene. Conversations with the General. New York: Pocket Books, 1984.

2. “Zapata Petroleum Corp.” Fortune, April 1958, p. 248; Darwin Payne. Initiative in Energy: Dresser Industries, Inc. 1880–1978. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979; Stephen Pizzo, Mary Fricker, and Paul Muolo. Inside Job: The Looting of America's Savings and Loans.

New York: McGraw-Hill, 1989; Gary Webb. Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion. New York: Seven Stories Press, 1999; Gerard Colby and Charlotte Dennett, Thy Will Be Done: The Conquest of the Amazon — Nelson Rockefeller and Evangelism in the Age of Oil New York: HarperCollins, 1995.

3. Manuel Noriega and Peter Eisner. America’s Prisoner: The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega. New York: Random House, 1997; Omar Torrijos Herrera. Ideario. Editorial Universitar-ia Centroamericano, 1983; Graham Greene. Conversations with the General. New York: Pocket Books, 1984.

4. Greene. Conversations; Noriega and Eisner, Memoirs.

5. Derrick Jensen. A Language Older Than Words. New York: Context Books, 2000, 86–88.

6. Greene. Conversations; Noriega and Eisner. Memoirs.

Глава 11. Пираты в зоне Панамского канала

1. Подробнее о Панамском канале см. John Majo., Prize Possession: The United States Government and the Panama Canal 1903–1979. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993; David McCullough. The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1999.

Глава 13. Беседы с генералом

1. William Shawcross. The Shah’s Last Ride: The Fate of an Ally. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988; Stephen Kinzer. All the Shah’s Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003, p. 45.

2. Об Арбенсе, United Fruit и полной насилия истории Гватемалы написано очень много; например, можно обратиться к книге моего профессора политологии в Бостонском университете: Howard Zinn. A People’s History of the United States. New York: Harper & Row, 1980, а также к книге Diane К. Stanley. For the Record: The United Fruit Company’s SixtySix Years in Guatemala. Guatemala City: Centro Impresor Piedra Santa, 1994. Короткие справки вы найдете в таких изданиях, как The Banana Republic: The United Fruit Company, http://www.mayaparadise.com/ufcle.html; CIA Involved in Guatemala Coup, 1954, http://www.english.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/ guatemala.html. Более подробная информация об участии семьи Буш содержится в статье “Zapata Petroleum Corp.”, Fortune, April 1958, p. 248.

Глава 14. Вступая в новый, зловещий период экономической истории

1. Robert S. McNamara: 8th Secretary of Defense, http://www.defenselink.mil (December 23. 2003).

Глава 15. Отмывание денег Саудовской Аравии

1. Подробнее о событиях, приведших к нефтяному эмбарго и о последствиях эмбарго см. в кн.: Thomas W. Lippman. Inside the Mirage: America’s Fragile Partnership with Saudi Arabia (Boulder CO: Westview Press, 2004), c. 155–159; Daniel Yergin. The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money&Power. New York: Free Press, 1993; Stephen Schneider. The Oil Price Revolution (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983); Ian Seymour. OPEC: Instrument of Change. London: McMillan, 1980.

2. Thomas W. Lippman. Inside the Mirage: America’s Fragile Partnership with Saudi Arabia. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 2004, p. 160.

3. David Holden and Richard Johns. The House of Saud: The Rise and Rule of the Most Powerful Dynasty in the Arab World. New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1981, p. 359.

4. Thomas W. Lippman. Inside the Mirage: America’s Fragile Partnership with Saudi Arabia. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 2004, p. 167.

Глава 16. Сводничество и финансирование Усамы бен-Ладена

1. Robert Baer. Sleeping with the Devil: How Washington Sold Our Soul for Saudi Oi.l(New York: Crown Publishers, 2003, p. 26.

2. Thomas W. Lippman. Inside the Mirage: America’s Fragile Partnership with Saudi Arabia. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 2004, p. 162.

3. Thomas W. Lippman. Inside the Mirage: America’s Fragile Partnership with Saudi Arabia. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 2004, p. 2.

4. Henry Wasswa. Idi Amin, Murderous Ugandan Dictator, Dies. Associated Press, August 17, 2003.

5. “The Saudi Connection”, U.S. News & World Report, December 15. 2003., p. 21.

6. “The Saudi Connection”, U.S. News & World Report, December 15 2003., p. 19, 20, 26.

7. Craig Unger. Saving the Saudis, Vanity Fair, октябрь 2003 г. Более подробная информация об участии семьи Буш в Bechtel и т. д. содержится в изданиях “Zapata Petroleum Corp.”, Fortune, April 1958, c. 248; Darwin Payne, Initiative in Energy: Dresser Industries, Inc. 1880–1978 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979); Nathan Vardi, “Desert Storm: Bechtel Group Is Leading the Charge” и “Contacts for Contracts”, Forbes, 23 июня 2003 г., с. 63–66; Graydon Carter, “Editor’s Letter: Fly the Friendly Skies…” Vanity Fair октябрь 2003; Richard A. Oppel with Diana B. Henriques, “A Nation at War: The Contractor. Company has ties in Washington, and to Iraq”, New York Times. April18, 2003.

Глава 17. Переговоры по Панамскому каналу и Грэм Грин

1. Например: John М. Perkins. Colonialism in Panama Has No Place inl975, Boston Evening Globe, OpEd page, 19 сентября, 1975; John M. Perkins. U.S.-Brazil Pact Upsets Ecuador, The Boston Globe, OpEd page, May 10,1976.

2. Статьи Джона Перкинса, опубликованные в технических журналах: John М. Perkins et al. “A Markov Process Applied to Forecasting, Part I — Economic Development” and “A Markov Process Applied to Forecasting, Part II — The Demand for Electricity”, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Conference Papers C 73 4751 (июль 1973) и С 74 1467 (январь 1974) соответственно; John М. Perkins and Nadipuram R. Prasad, “A Model for Describing Direct and Indirect Interrelationships Between the Economy and the Environment”, Consulting Engineer, апрель 1973; Edwin Vennard, John M. Perkins and Robert C. Ender, “Electric Demand from Interconnected Systems”, TAPPI Journal (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry), 28th Conference Edition, 1974; John M. Perkins et al. “Iranian Steel: Implications for the Economy and the Demand for Electricity” and “Markov Method Applied to Planning”, presented at the Fourth Iranian Conference on Engineering, Pahlavi University, Shiraz, Iran, 12–16 мая 1974 г.; Economic. Theories and Applications: A Collection of Technical Papers with a Foreword by John M. Perkins (Boston: Chas. T. Main, Inc., 1975).

3. John M. Perkins. Colonialism in Panama Has No Place in 1975, Boston Evening Globe, OpEd page, September 19 1975.

4. Graham Greene. Getting to Know the Genera.l(New York: Pocket Books, 1984, p. 89–90.

5. Graham Greene. Getting to Know the General (New York: Pocket Books, 1984).

Глава 18. Иранский царь царей

1. William Shawcross. The Shah’s Last Ride: The Fate of an Ally (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988). Более подробно о восхождении шаха к власти читайте в изданиях: Н. D. S. Greenway. “The Iran Conspiracy”, New York Review of Books, 23 сентября 2003 г.; Stephen Kinzer. All the Shah’s Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003).

2. Более подробно об Ямине, проекте «Цветущая пустыня» и Иране читайте в книге: John Perkins. Shapeshifting (Rochester, VT: Destiny Books, 1997).

Глава 19. Исповедь человека, которого пытали

1. Erich Kolig. Conservative Islam: A Cultural Anthropology. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2012.

2. Saeed Kamali Dehghan and Richard Norton-Taylor. CIA Admits Role in 1953 Iranian Coup” Guardian, August 19, 2013, www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/19/cia-admits-role-1953-iranian-coup.

Глава 20. Падение царя

1. Подробнее о восхождении шаха к власти см.: H.D.S. Greenway. The Iran Conspiracy. New York Review of Books, 23 сентября 2003 г.; Stephen Kinzer, All the Shah’s Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003).

2. Об аятолле Хомейни читайте в статьях в журнале «TIME» от 12 февраля 1979 г., 7 января 1980 г. и 17 августа 1987 г.

Глава 21. Колумбия: замковый камень латиноамериканской арки

1. Gerard Colby and Charlotte Dennet. Thy Will Be Done, The Conquest of the Amazon: Nelson Rockefeller and Evangelism in the Age of Oil. New York: Harper Collins, 1995, p. 381.

Глава 22. Американская республика против глобальной империи

1. Мнение эксперта можно посмотреть здесь: Dylan Matthews and Kimberly Ann El-lio.,Poor Countries Can Keep Workers Safe and Still Escape Poverty. Washington Post, April 25, 2013,

www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/04/25/poor-countries-can-keep-workers-safe-and-still-escape-poverty. Подробнее о потогонных предприятия Китая в частности см.: “Sweatshops in China”, War on Want, accessed August 12,2015, www.waronwant.org/sweatshops-china.

Глава 24. Президент Эквадора против большой нефти

1. Maria Guadalupe Moog Rodrigues. “Environmental Activism Beyond Brazil I — The Struggle against Oil Exploitation in Ecuador,” in Global Environmentalism and Local Politics: Transnational Advocacy Networks in Brazil, Ecuador, and India. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2004, 93-114.

2. Подробнее о ЛИЛ и ее связях с нефтяными компаниями и семьей Рокфеллеров см.: Gerard Colby and Charlotte Dennet. Thy Will Be Done, The Conquest of the Amazon: Nelson Rockefeller and Evangelism in the Age of Oil (New York: HarperCollins, 1995); Joe Kane. Savages (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995), (информация о Рейчел Сейнт на с. 85, 156, 227).

3. John D. Martz. Politics and Petroleum in Ecuador. New Brunswick and Oxford: Transaction Books, 1987, p. 272.

4. Jose Carvajal Candall. Objetivos у PolTticas de CEPE. Quito, Ecuador: Primer Seminario, 1979, p. 88.

Глава 26. Смерть президента Эквадора

1. John D. Martz. Politics and Petroleum in Ecuador. New Brunswick and Oxford: Transaction Books, 1987, p. 272.

2. Gerard Colby and Charlotte Dennet. Thy Will Be Done, The Conquest of the Amazon: Nelson Rockefeller and Evangelism in the Age of Oil.New York, HarperCollins, 1995, p. 813.

3. John D. Martz. Politics and Petroleum in Ecuador. New Brunswick and Oxford: Transaction Books, 1987, p. 303.

4. John D. Martz. Politics and Petroleum in Ecuador. New Brunswick and Oxford: Transaction Books, 1987, p. 381, 400.

Глава 27. Панама: еще одна смерть президента

1. Graham Greene. Getting to Know the General. New York: Pocket Books, 1984, p. 11.

2. Джордж Шульц был министром финансов и председателем Совета по экономической политике при Никсоне — Форде в 1972–1974 гг., исполнительным президентом Bechtel в 1974–1982 гг., госсекретарем при Рейгане — Буше в 1982–1989 гг.; Каспар Уайнбергер был директором Отдела управления и бюджета (Office of Management and Budget) и министром здравоохранения, образования и социального обеспечения при Никсоне При Форде, 1973–1975, вице-президент и генеральный советник Bechtel Group в 1975–1980 гг., министр обороны при Рейгане — Буше в 1980–1987 гг.

3. Во время слушаний 1973 года в связи с Уотергейтом в своих показаниях Сенату США Джон Дин первым рассказал о заговоре США с целью устранения Торрихоса; в 1975 году в результате запросов Сената в ЦРУ, сделанных сенатором Фрэнком Черчем, были получены дополнительные свидетельства и документы в связи с планом устранения Торрихоса и Норьеги. Обратитесь, например, к книге Manuel Noriega with Peter Eisner. The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega, America’s Prisoner. New York: Random House, 1997, p. 107.

Глава 28. Моя энергетическая компания, Enron и Джордж Буш

1. Дополнительную информацию об IPS и ее дочерней фирме Archbald Power Corporation и бывшем генеральном директоре фирмы Джоне Перкинсе см. в статьях: Jack М. Daly and Thomas J. Duffy. “Burning Coal’s Waste at Archbald”, Civil Engineering, июль 1988; Vince Coveleskie, “CoGeneration Plant Attributes Cited”, The Scranton Times, 17.10 1987.; Robert Curran, “Archibald Facility Dedicated”, Scranton Tribune, 17.10 1987.; “Archibald Plant Will Turn Coal Waste into Power”, Citizen’s Voice, Wilkes-Barre, PA, 06. 06 1988.; “Liabilities to Assets: Culm to Light, Food”, editorial, Citizen’s Voice, WilkesBarre, PA, June 7,1988.

2. Joe Conason. “The George W. Bush Success Story”. Harpers Magazine, февраль 2000; Craig Unger. Saving the Saudis. Vanity Fair, October 2003, p. 165.

3. Craig Unger. Saving the Saudis, Vanity Fair, October 2003, p. 178.

4. George Lardner Jr. and Lois Romano. “The Turning Point After Coming Up Dry”. Washington Post, July 30,1999; Joe Conason. “The George W.Bush Success Story”. Harpers Magazine, February 2000; and Sam Parry. “The Bush Family Oiligarchy — Part Two: The Third Generation”,

http://www.newnetizen.com/presidential/bushoiligarchy.htm (April 19 2002).

5. Эта теория приобрела особое значение и вот-вот должна была стать предметом рассмотрения общественности, когда несколько лет спустя стало ясно, что высокоуважаемая фирма «Артур Андерсен» вошла в сговор с высокопоставленными сотрудниками Enron, чтобы обманным путем получить миллиарды долларов за счет потребителей электроэнергии, сотрудников Enron и американских граждан. Надвигавшаяся война в Ираке 2003 года отвлекла внимание. Во время войны Бахрейн играл значительную роль в стратегии президента Буша.

Глава 29. Я беру взятку

l. Jim Garrison. American Empire: Global Leader or Rogue Power? (San Francisco: BerrettKoehler Publishers, Inc., 2004, p. 38.

Глава 30. Соединенные Штаты вторгаются в Панаму

1. Manuel Noriega with Peter Eisner. The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega, America’s Prisoner. New York: Random House, 1997, p. 56.

2. David Harris. Shooting the Moon: The True Story of an American Manhunt Unlike Any Other, Ever. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2001, p. 31–34.

3. David Harris. Shooting the Moon: The True Story of an American Manhunt Unlike Any Other, Ever. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2001, p. 43.

4. Manuel Noriega with Peter Eisner. The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega, America’s Prisoner (New York: Random House, 1997), c. 212; см. также Craig Unger. “Saving the Saudis”, Vanity Fair, октябрь 2003, p. 165.

5. Manuel Noriega with Peter Eisner. The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega, America’s Prisoner. New York: Random House, 1997, p. 114.

6. “George H. W. Bush,” Famous Texans, accessed August 12, 2015, www.famoustexans.com/georgebush.htm.

7. Manuel Noriega with Peter Eisner. The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega, America’s Prisoner. New York: Random House, 1997, p. 56–57.

8. David Harris. Shooting the Moon: The True Story of an American Manhunt Unlike Any Other, Ever. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2001, p. 6.

9. “George H. W. Bush,” Famous Texans.

10. David Harris. Shooting the Moon: The True Story of an American Manhunt Unlike Any Other, Ever. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2001, p. 4.

11. Manuel Noriega with Peter Eisner. The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega, America’s Prisoner. New York: Random House, 1997, p. 248.

12. Manuel Noriega with Peter Eisner. The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega, America’s Prisoner. New York: Random House, 1997, p. 211.

13. Manuel Noriega with Peter Eisner. The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega, America’s Prisoner. New York: Random House, 1997, p. XXI.

Глава 31. Провал ЭУ в Ираке

1. Morris Barrett. “The Web’s Wild World”, TIME, April 26,1999, p. 62.

Глава 32. 11 сентября и его последствия лично для меня

1. Подробнее читайте в кн.: Joe Kane. Savages. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995.

Глава 33. Венесуэла: спасенная Саддамом

1. “Venezuela on the Brink”, редакционная статья, New York Times, December 18, 200.

2. “Venezuelan President Forced to Resign”, Associated Press, April 12, 2002.

3. Simon Romero, “Tenuous Truce in Venezuela for the State and its Oil Company”, New York Times, April 24, 2002.

4. Bob Edwards, “What Went Wrong with the Oil Dream in Venezuela”, National Public Radio, Morning Edition, July 8, 2003.

5. Ginger Thompson, “Venezuela Strikers Keep Pressure on Chavez and Oil Export, New York Times, December 30, 2002.

6. Для большего представления о «шакалах» см.: Р. W. Singer. Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry (Ithaca NY and London: Cornell University Press, 2003); James R. Davis. Fortune’s Warriors: Private Armies and the New World Order (Vancouver and Toronto: Douglas&McIntyre, 2000); Felix I. Rodriguez and John Weisman. Shadow Warrior: The CIA Hero of 100 Unknown Battles (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989).

7. Tim Weiner. “A Coup by Any Other Name”, New York Times, April 14, 2002.

8. “Venezuela Leader Urges 20 Years for Strike Chiefs”. Associated Press, February 22, 2003.

9. Paul Richter. “U.S. Had Talks on Chavez Ouster”. Los Angeles Times, April 17, 2002.

Глава 34. Заговор: меня отравили?

1. Американцы боятся Китая больше, чем ИГИЛ. См. “What Are Americans Most Afraid Of?” Vanity Fair, January 2015, www.vanityfair.com/culture/2015/01/fear-60-minutes-poll.

Глава 35. Признания шакала: Сейшельский заговор

1. Хотя его имя может найти любой, кто интересуется, по его просьбе я решил все же использовать псевдоним «Джек». Он всегда утверждал, что никогда не работал на ЦРУ, и это совершенная правда.

2. “Indian Ocean Isle Repulses Raiders,” New York Times, November 27,1981, www.nytimes.com/1981/ll/27/world/indian-ocean-isle-repulses-raiders.html.

3. Подробнее об этом: “Trial Gives Peek at South African Intelligence Web,” by Joseph Lelyveld, New York Times, May 10,1982,

http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0AllFA3F5C0C738DDDAC0894DA484D81&scp=l&sq=TRIAL+GIVES+PEEK+AT+SOUTH+AFRICA+INTELLIGENCE+WEB+&st=nyt, and Mike Hoare, The Seychelles Affair (Paladin Press, 2009).

Глава 36. Мятеж в Эквадоре

1. Encyclopaedia Britannica, s.v. “Rafael Correa,” updated October 23, 2014, www.britannica.com/biography/Rafael-Correa.

2. Sandy Tolan, “Ecuador: Lost Promises,” National Public Radio, Morning Edition, July 9, 2003, www.npr.org/programs/morning/features/2003/jul/latinoil.

3. Juan Forero, “Seeking Balance: Growth vs. Culture in Amazon,” New York Times, December 10, 2003.

4. Abby Ellin/ Suit Says ChevronTexaco Dumped Poisons in Ecuador, New York Times, May 8, 2003.

Глава 37. Гондурас: ЦРУ наносит удар

1. Mark Weisbrot, “Who’s in Charge of US Foreign Policy? Guardian, July 16, 2009, www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2009/jul/16/honduras-coup-obama-clinton.

2. Amy Goodman, “Exclusive Interview with Manuel Zelaya on the US Role in Honduran Coup, WikiLeaks and Why He Was Ousted,” Democracy Now! May 31, 2011, www.democracynow.org/2011 /5/31/exclusiveinterviewwithmanuelzelayaon.

Глава 38. Ваш приветливый банкир — экономический убийца

1. Nicholas Kristof. A Banker Speaks, with Regret. New York Times, November 30, 2011, www.nytimes.com/2011/12/01/opinion/kristof-a-banker-speaks-withregret.html.

2. James McBride, Christopher Alessi, d Mohammed Aly Sergie. Understanding the Libor Scandal. Council on Foreign Relations, May 21, 2015, www.cfr.org/united-kingdom/understanding-libor-scandal/p28729.

Глава 40. Стамбул: инструменты современной империи

1. “Use It and Lose It: The Outsize Effect of US Consumption on the Environment,” Scientific Arne rican, September 14,2012, www.scientificamerican.com/article/american-consumption-habits.

Глава 41. Нападение на Fundacion Pachamama

1. Oliver Balch. Buen Vivir: The Social Philosophy Inspiring Movements in South America. Guardian, February 4, 2013,

www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/blog/buen-vivir-philosophy-south-americaeduardo-gudynas.

2. “The Hague Rules against Chevron in Ecuador Case,” teleSUR, March 13, 2015, www.telesurtv.net/english/news/The-Hague-Rules-against-Chevron-in-Ecuador-Case-20150313-0009.html.

3. “Data: Ecuador,” World Bank, updated September 17, 2015, http://data.worldbank.org/country/ecuador.

4. Daniel Cancel and Lester Pimentel, “Ecuador’s Audit Commission Finds ‘Illegality’ in Debt (Update 5),” Bloomberg.com, November 20, 2008, www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a8suBA8I.3ik.

Глава 42. Очередной банковский скандал

1. Virginia Harrison and Mark Thompson. 5 Big Banks Pay $5.4 Billion for Rigging Currencies. CNN Money, May 20, 2015,

http://money.cnn.com/2015/05/20/investing/ubs-foreign-exchange/index.html.

2. Leo King. Bandits, Mafia, Cartel. Bank Traders’ Astonishing Online Messages. Forbes, May 21, 2015, www.forbes.com/sites/leoking/2015/05/21/forex-barclays-citi-ubs-jpmorgan-online-chat-instant-messenger.

3. Harrison and Thompson. 5 Big Banks Pay $5.4 Billion.

4. Stephanie Clifford and Matt Apuzzo. After Indicting 14 Soccer Officials, US Vows to End Graft in FIFA. New York Times, May 27, 2015, www.nytimes.com/2015/05/28/sports/ soccer/fifa-officials-arrested-on-corruption-chargesblatter-isnt-among-them.html.

5. Laura Shin. The 85 Richest People in the World Have as Much Wealth as the 3.5 Billion Poorest. Forbes, January 23, 2014, www.forbes.com/sites/laurashin/2014/01/23/the-85-richest-people-in-the-world-have-as-muchwealth-as-the-3-5-billion-poorest.

6. Ricardo Fuentes-Nieva and Nick Galasso. Working for the Few: Political Capture and Economic Inequality. 178 Oxfam briefing paper — Summary, January 20, 2014, www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/bp-working-for-fewpolitical-capture-economic-inequality-200114-summ-en.pdf.

7. “Poverty Overview,” World Bank, updated April 6, 2015, www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/overview.

8. James S. Henry. Where the Money Wen. Across the Board, March/April 2004, 42–45. Подробнее об этом см. James S. Henry, The Blood Bankers: Tales from the Global Underground Economy. New York: Four Walls Eight Windows, 2003.

9. Jacob Kushner et al. Burned Out: World Bank Projects Leave Trail of Misery Around Globe. Huffington Post, April 16,2015, http://projects.huffingtonpost.com/worldbank-evicted-abandoned/worldbank-projects-leave-trail-miseryaround-globe-kenya.

Глава 43. Кто такие современные экономические убийцы

1. Lee Fang. “Where Have All the Lobbyists Gone? The Nation, February 19, 2014, www.thenation.com/article/shadow-lobbying-complex.

2. Brooks Barnes. MPAA and Christopher Dodd Said to Be Near Deal. New York Times, February 20, 2011, mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/20/m-p-aa-and-chris-topher-dodd-said-to-be-near-deal.

3. Center for Responsive Politics. Former Members. OpenSecrets.org, accessed July 24, 2015, www.opensecrets.org/revolving/top.php?display=Z.

4. Fang. Where Have All the Lobbyists Gone?

5. Lee Drutman. How Corporate Lobbyists Conquered American Democracy. Atlantic, April 20, 2015, www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/04/how-corporate-lobbyists-conquered-american-democracy/390822.

6. Conn Hallinan and Leon Wofsy. The American Century’ Has Plunged the World into Crisis. What Happens Now? Common Dreams, June 22, 2015, www.commondreams.org/ views/2015/06/22/american-century-has-plungedworld-crisis-what-happens-now.

7. Niraj Chokshi. The United States of Subsidies: The Biggest Corporate Winners in Each State. Washington Post, March 18, 2015, www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/govbeat/wp/2015/ 03/17/the-united-states-of-subsidies-the-biggestcorporate-winners-in-each-state.

8. See Jim Brunner.Labor Group Disinvites Inslee over Boeing Tensions. Seattle Times, July 20, 2015, www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/labor-groupdisinvites-ins-lee-over-boeing-tensions; and Mike Baker, “Boeing to Throw Party to Thank Washington Lawmakers for $8.7B,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, February 4, 2014, www.stltoday. com/business/local/boeing-to-throw-partyto-thank-washington-lawmakers-for-b/ article_6dl91691-9f07-5063-8e67-c2808ad4b302.html.

9. Greg LeRoy. Site Location 101: How Companies Decide Where to Expand or Relocate, chap. 2 in The Great American Jobs Scam: Corporate Tax Dodging and the Myth of Job Creation (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2005); and Leroy, “Fantus and the Rise of the Economic War among the States,” chap. 3 in The Great American Jobs Scam.

10. Philip Mattera and Kasia Tarczynska, with Greg LeRoy, “Megadeals: The Largest Economic Development Subsidy Packages Ever Awarded by State and Local Governments in the United States,” Good Jobs First, June 2013,

www.goodjobsfirst.org/sites/default/files/docs/pdf/megadeals_report.pdf.

11. Damian Carrington and Harry Davies.“US Taxpayers Subsidising World’s Biggest Fossil Fuel Companies, Guardian, May 12, 2015, www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/ may/12/us-taxpayers-subsidising-worlds-biggest-fossilfuel-companies.

12. Andrea Germanos. Corporate Influence Has Won’: House Passes Anti-GMO Labeling Bill. Common Dreams, July 23, 2015, www.commondreams.org/news/2015/07/23/ corporate-influence-has-won-house-passes-anti-gmolabeling-bill.

13. Deirdre Fulton. Exposed: How Walmart Spun an ‘Extensive and Secretive Web’ of Overseas Tax Havens. Common Dreams, June 17,2015, www.commondreams.org/news/2015/06/17/ exposed-how-walmart-spun-extensiveand-secretive-web-overseas-tax-havens.

14. Clare O’Connor. Report: Walmart Workers Cost Taxpayers $6.2 Billion in Public Assistance. Forbes, April 15, 2014, www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2014/04/15/ report-walmart-workers-cost-taxpayers-6-2-billion-in-publicassistance.

15. Greg Palast, Maggie O’Kane, Chavala Madlena. Vulture Funds Await Jersey Decision on Poor Countries’ Debts. Guardian, November 15, 2011, www.theguardian.com/glob-al-development/2011/nov/15/vulture-funds-jerseydecision.

16. “Vulture Funds Case Study,” Jubilee USA Network, 2007, www.jubileeusa.org/vulturefunds/vulture-fund-country-studies.html.

17. Palast, O’Kane, Madlena. Vulture Funds Await Jersey Decision.

18. Joseph Stiglitz.Sovereign Debt Needs International Supervision. Guardian, June 16,2015, www.theguardian.com/business/2015/jun/16/sovereign-debtneeds-international-supervision.

19. Laura Shin. The 85 Richest People in the World Have as Much Wealth as the 3.5 Billion Poorest. Forbes, January 23, 2014, www.forbes.com/sites/laurashin/2014/01/23/ the-85-richest-people-in-the-world-have-as-much-wealth-as-the-3-5-billion-poorest.

Глава 44. Кто такие современные шакалы

1. Sarah Lazare.‘You Have a Choice: Veterans Call On Drone Operators to Refuse Orders,” Common Dreams, June 19, 2015, www.commondreams.org/news/2015/06/19/you-have-choice-veterans-call-drone-operators-refuse-orders.

2. “Top US General: Drones Are ‘Failed Strategy’ That ‘Cause More Damage,”’ Democracy Now! July 17, 2015, www.democracynow.org/2015/7/17/headlines/top_us_general_ drones_are_failed_strategy_that_cause_more_damage.

3. Mark Mazzetti et al SEAL Team 6: A Secret History of Quiet Killings and Blurred Lines. New York Times, June 6, 2015,

www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/world/asia/the-secret-history-of-seal-team-6.html.

4. “Is There a Drone in Your Neighbourhood? Rise of Spy Planes Exposed after FAA Is Forced to Reveal 63 Launch Sites across US,” Mail Online, April 2012, www.dailymail. co.uk/news/article-2134376/Is-drone-neighbourhood-Risekiller-spy-planes-exposed-FAA-forced-reveal-63-launch-sites-U-S.html.

5. “AP: FBI Using Low-Flying Spy Planes over US,” CBS News, June 2,2015, www.cbsnews. com/news/ap-fbi-using-low-flying-spy-planes-over-us.

6. “NSA Spying on Americans,” Electronic Frontier Foundation, accessed July 24, 2015, www.eff.org/nsa-spying.

7. “Obama Bans Spying on Leaders of US Allies, Scales Back NSA Program,” Reuters, January 17, 2014, www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/18/us-usa-securityobama-idUS-BREA0G0JI20140118.

8. James Ball. NSA Monitored Calls of 35 World Leaders after US Official Handed over Contacts. Guardian, October 25, 2013, www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/24/ nsa-surveillance-world-leaders-calls.

9. “Statistics on the Private Security Industry,” Private Security Monitor, University of Denver, accessed August 12, 2015, psm.du.edu/articles_reports_statistics/data_and_statistics.html.

10. “30 Most Powerful Private Security Companies in the World,” Security Degree Hub, January 11, 2013, www.securitydegreehub.com/30-most-powerful-privatesecurity-compa-nies-in-the-world.

Глава 45. Урок для Китая

1. Daniel Cancel and Lester Pimentel.Ecuador’s Audit Commission Finds ‘Illegality, in Debt (Update 5),” Bloomberg.com, November 20, 2008, www.bloomberg.com/apps/ news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a8suBA8I.3ik.; and Mick Riordan et al., “Daily Brief:

Economics and Financial Market Commentary,” Global Economic Monitor, December 16, 2008, www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/ 2011/05/31/000356161_20110531005514/Rendered/PDF/612410NEWS0DEC0BO X0358349B00PUBLIC0.pdf.

2. Mercedes Alvaro. China, Ecuador Sign $2 Billion Loan Deal. Wall Street Journal, June 28, 2011, www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304314404576412373916029508.

3. Речь идет о полемике вокруг эквадорского долга и интерпретации китайского финансирования. Отчасти это связано с двойственным пониманием слов «займы» и «инвестиции». К примеру, Адам Цукерман заявляет: «Президент Эквадора Корреа получил щедрое вознаграждение во время поездки в Китай на прошлой неделе, однако это может иметь серьезные последствия для Амазонии и местных жителей. В среду Пекин согласился выдать Эквадору кредит в размере 7,53 миллиарда долларов, чтобы помочь экономике, целиком и полностью зависимой от нефти, справиться с недавним падением цен на нефть. Вместе с этим кредитом — самым крупным из тех, что Китай давал Эквадору, — общая сумма китайского финансирования Эквадора составила почти 25 миллиардов долларов, более четверти ВВП страны. В 2013 году Пекин обеспечивал 61 % внешнего финансирования Эквадора и закупил 83 % эквадорской нефти; последний кредит несомненно повысит эти показатели» (Zuckerman, “Eye on Ecuador: Racking Up the China Debt and Paying It Forward with Oil,” Amazon Watch, January 13, 2015, http://amazonwatch. org/news/2015/0113-racking-up-the-china-debt-andpaying-it-forward-with-oil). Wall Street Journal заявляет: «В настоящее время китайские кредиты Эквадору превышают 6 миллиардов долларов, включая 1,7 миллиарда долларов на финансирование 85 % Coca Codo Sinclair — гидроэлектростанции, которую планирует построить китайская Sinohydro Согр. В Эквадоре и которая обеспечит примерно 75 % энергопотребностей страны» (Alvaro, “China, Ecuador Sign $2 Billion Loan Deal”). Я решил использовать официальные данные правительства кредитам, указанные в эквадорской El Commercio, July 29, 2015, “La prensa de EE.UU. alerta la dependencia de Ecuador a China.”

4. “Ecuador: Over 50 % of Oil Exports Went to China in September,” Latin American Herald Tribune, May 23, 2015, http://laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=434747&Category-Id=14089.

5. Andrew Ross. Why Is Ecuador Selling Its Economic and Environmental Future to China? The Nation, December 18, 2014, www.thenation.com/article/193249/why-ecua-dor-selling-its-economic-and-environmental-future-china.

6. Clifford Krauss and Keith Bradsher. China’s Global Ambitions, with Loans and Strings Attached. New York Times, July 24, 2015, www.nytimes.com/2015/07/26/business/ international/chinas-global-ambitions-with-loans-andstrings-attached.html.

7. “Total Value of US Trade in Goods (Export and Import) with China from 2004 to 2014,” Statista, accessed July 24, 2015, www.statista.com/statistics/277679/total-value-of-us-trade-in-goods-with-china-since-2004.