W. Montgomery Watt, Muhammad at Medina (Oxford, 1956), pp. 173–231
857
Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah in A. Guillaume, trans. and ed., The Life of Muhammad (London, 1955), p. 232
858
Watt, Muhammad at Medina, pp. 6–8; Bamyeh, Social Origins of Islam, pp. 198–99; Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization, 3 vols (Chicago and London, 1974), 1, pp. 75–76
