Keddie, Roots of Revolution, pp. 282–83; Borujerdi, Iranian Intellectuals, pp. 29–42

Akhavi, Religion and Politics in Contemporary Iran, pp. 129–31

Algar, ‘Oppositional Role of the Ulema’, p. 251

Keddie, Roots of Revolution, pp. 215–59; Sharough Akhavi, ‘Shariati’s Social Thought’, in Keddie, Religion and Politics in Iran; Abdulaziz Sachedina, ‘Ali Shariati: Ideologue of the Islamic Revolution, ’ in Esposito, ed., Voices of Resurgent Islam; Michael J. Fischer, Iran: From Religious Dispute to Revolution (Cambridge, Mass., and London, 1980), pp. 154–67; Borujerdi, Iranian Intellectuals, pp. 106–15