Michael J. Fischer, ‘Imam Khomeini: Four Levels of Understanding’, in Esposito, ed., Voices of Resurgent Islam, p. 157
1475
Keddie, Roots of Revolution, pp. 154–56
1476
Ibid., pp. 158–59; Momen, Introduction to Shii Islam, p. 254; Hamid Algar, ‘The Oppositional Role of the Ulema in Twentieth-Century Iran’, in Nikki R. Keddie, ed., Scholars, Saints and Sufis: Muslim Religious Institutions in the Middle East since 1500 (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1972), p. 248
