Shahrough Akhavi, Religion and Politics in Contemporary Islam: Clergy – State Relations in the Pahlavi Period (Albany, NY, 1980), pp. 58–59
1440
Majid Fakhry, A History of Islamic Philosophy (New York and London, 1970), pp. 376–81; Bassam Tibi, Arab Nationalism: A Critical Inquiry, trans. Marion Farouk Slugett and Peter Slugett, 2nd ed. (London, 1990), pp. 90–93; Hourani, Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, pp. 130–61; Hodgson, Venture of Islam, 3, pp. 274–76
